RESUMO
Despite successful introduction of NK-based cellular therapy in the treatment of myeloid leukemia, the potential use of NK alloreactivity in solid malignancies is still elusive. We performed a phase I clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of in situ delivery of allogeneic NK cells combined with cetuximab in liver metastasis of gastrointestinal origin. The conditioning chemotherapy was administrated before the allogeneic NK cells injection via hepatic artery. Three escalating doses were tested (3.106, 8.106 and 12.106 NK cells/kg) following by a high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2). Cetuximab was administered intravenously every week for 7 weeks. Nine patients with liver metastases of colorectal or pancreatic cancers were included, three per dose level. Hepatic artery injection was successfully performed in all patients with no report of dose-limiting toxicity. Two patients had febrile aplasia requiring a short-term antibiotherapy. Grade 3/4 anemia and thrombopenia were also observed related to the chemotherapy. Objective clinical responses were documented in 3 patients and among them 2 occurred in patients injected with cell products harboring two KIR ligand mismatches and one in a patient with one KIR ligand mismatch. Immune monitoring revealed that most patients presented an increase but transient of IL-15 and IL-7 cytokines levels one week after chemotherapy. Furthermore, a high expansion of FoxP3+regulatory T cells and PD-1+ T cells was observed in all patients, related to IL-2 administration. Our results demonstrated that combining allogeneic NK cells transfer via intra-hepatic artery, cetuximab and a high-dose IL-2 is feasible, well tolerated and may result in clinical responses.
RESUMO
In the attempt to harmonize clinical practices between different French transplantation centers, the French Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapies (SFGM-TC) set up its fourth annual series of workshops which brought together practitioners from all of its member centers. These workshops took place in September 2013 in Lille. Literature and intra-laboratories studies suggest that attached segment is representative of cord blood unit (CBU). Nevertheless, some discrepancies have been observed when analyzing large data registries. To address these issues, we have listed recommendations to increase the standardization of segment processing and quality control (QC), information on units of measurement and specifications and action to be taken in case of out of specifications QC results on segment.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/normas , Sangue Fetal , Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Preservação de Sangue/normas , Criopreservação/métodos , Criopreservação/normas , França , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Controle de Qualidade , Células-TroncoRESUMO
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative treatment for hematological malignancies. This therapeutic approach is associated with a profound immune deficiency and an increased rate of opportunistic infections. Nocardiosis is a rare bacterial infection occurring mainly in patients with deficient cell-mediated immunity, such as AIDS patients or transplant recipients. Diagnosis of nocardiosis can be challenging, as signs and symptoms are non-specific. Routine prophylaxis with trimethoprin/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) does not prevent the risk of infection. Between May 2001 and December 2009, five cases of nocardiosis were diagnosed from the 366 allogeneic HCT recipients in our centre. Four patients developed a disseminated nocardiosis within the first year after HCT. The fifth patient presented a localized cutaneous nocardiosis. In disseminated cases, median total CD4+ T-cells were below 100 cells/µL. Naive CD4+ CD45RA+/RO- T-cells were almost undetectable. CD8(+) T-cells and NK cells were below the normal range and CD19+ B-cell reconstitution was completely deficient. In a localized case, we observed a lack of naive thymic emigrants CD4+ CD45RA+/RO- T-cells.
Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea , Linfopenia/complicações , Nocardiose/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Aloenxertos/imunologia , Anemia Refratária com Excesso de Blastos/terapia , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Função Retardada do Enxerto , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Hematopoese , Humanos , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Contagem de Linfócitos , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nocardiose/etiologia , Nocardiose/imunologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Today, haematopoietic stem cell graft from placental blood concerns more than 15 % of allogeneic grafts. An inter-laboratory study of the quality control of defrosted cord blood units has been coordinated by the French society for cell and tissue bioengineering (SFBCT), with the cord blood bank of Bourgogne Franche-Comté and controlled by the French health products safety agency (Afssaps). The aim of this study is to ensure the inter-laboratory reproducibility of the quality controls practised by the banks during defrosting. The cellular outputs were analyzed according to the defrosting techniques, according to the method used in flow cytometry: single-platform (SP) versus double-platform (DP), or the product nature, i.e. in total blood or miniaturized. METHODS: Forty-two units of placental blood (USP), which were out of range were provided for defrosting to 14 participating sites. USP were defrosted and controlled according to the procedures of each bank. Once the USP is defrosted, a part of the product was controlled by the site and the other part by Afssaps. Following controls were carried out: numeration of the total nucleated cells (TNC) and of CD34+ cells (made by a SP method in Afssaps) and functional assay. RESULTS: Concerning TNC, the defrosting sites obtained a cellular output of 94 %+/-28 in day 0 compared with an output of 72 %+/-24 in Afssaps showing a rather good stability of the USP transmitted with an average deviation of 23 %+/-22. The freezing process with or without reduction of volume does not affect this variation. Concerning the numeration of CD34+ cells, the average deviation between the participating sites and Afssaps was 29 %+/-23 compared with 21 %+/-16 for the sites using a SP method against 47 %+/-25 for those using a DP method. The CD34+ outputs are equal to 82 % +/- 60 in day 0 for the participating sites against 52 %+/-20 for Afssaps. For the sites using a DP method, it is stressed that this output is particularly high with a rate of 126 %+/-90 (n=15) whereas it is 62 %+/-20 (n=32) for the sites using a SP method. CONCLUSION: These results underline a good stability of viable CD34+ cells and a greater reliability of the SP methods for the CD34+ cell numeration for these defrosted USP. Lastly, the results of the functional assay regarding the average clonogenicities (equal to 15 %) reinforce the conclusions on the quality of the defrosted products.
Assuntos
Preservação de Sangue/normas , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/normas , Criopreservação/normas , Sangue Fetal , Controle de Qualidade , Antígenos CD34/análise , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Células Clonais/citologia , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Feminino , França , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Laboratórios , Placenta , Gravidez , Sociedades Médicas/normasRESUMO
Photopheresis or extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is a cellular therapy which combines a leukapheresis followed by ex vivo treatment using psoralen and ultraviolet A irradiation before reinfusion into the patient. Its mechanisms of action remain unclear and selective photodestruction of leukocytes cannot explain the long-lasting immunomodulatory effects. Recent studies demonstrated that ECP down regulates the immune response and induces tolerance through the maturation of dendritic cells and the production of regulatory T cells. Based on these effects, ECP is mainly used for treatment of Sezary syndrome, graft-versus-host disease, organ graft rejection and autoimmune diseases. However, it is still not clear how ECP both activates tumor immunity against cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and induces tolerance in autoreactive disorders. In addition, the use of adjuvant therapies, the long-term effects and various treatment protocols remain to be investigated along with the specific indications.
Assuntos
Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos , Fotoferese , Doenças Autoimunes/tratamento farmacológico , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Febre/etiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipotensão/etiologia , Tolerância Imunológica/imunologia , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoferese/efeitos adversos , Fotoferese/métodos , Controle Social Formal , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologiaRESUMO
A cord blood graft is now frequently used in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. In 2007, 27% of unrelated allotransplantations performed in France used a cord blood graft. In comparison to other sources of hematopoietic grafts, cord blood has a number of advantages (immediate availability of the graft, possibility of a lesser HLA compatibility between donor and recipient...) and inconveniences (a limited number of stem cells, increased risk of infectious complications...). Recently, the possibility of combining two cord blood grafts has been demonstrated. In 2007, 55% of unrelated cord blood grafts transplantation were performed as such. Results of multicentric studies published as of now, as well as considerable potential associated with cord blood transplantation requires important efforts to increase both the quantity and quality of cord blood grafts made available for transplantation.
Assuntos
Bancos de Sangue/organização & administração , Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Sangue Fetal , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
Bacterial contamination of blood components remains the highest infectious risk in blood transfusion, the risk is particularly high when it affects platelet concentrates (PC). In France, the residual risk of transfusion reaction due to bacterial contamination of PC has been decreasing slowly since 1994 but for all severity 1 case occurs with about 25,000 distributed PC and one death occurs with 200,000 distributed units. This reduction of the risk may be due to the measures which were implemented during the last 10 years in order to prevent contamination during donation. Improving strategies for reducing the risks of bacterial contamination is one of the priorities of the French National Blood Transfusion Service (l'Etablissement Français du sang - EFS). The main target remains PC. Bacterial detection or pathogens inactivation are now available and are able to reduce (for detection) or prevent (for inactivation) the occurrence of reaction due to bacterial contamination of PC. Up to now, the choice is in favour of bacterial detection. A national study was carried out in seven regional EFS at the end of 2004. It aims at confirming the feasibility of a systematic bacterial screening of PC before their delivery. The first conclusions show that this screening can be implemented with acceptable modifications in term of platelets availability. We can expect in a next future that new pathogens reduction technique and/or new detection systems will be available, certainly more efficient to prevent reaction due to bacterial contamination. Implementation of actual detection methods is probably a temporary solution.
Assuntos
Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue/isolamento & purificação , Sangue/microbiologia , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Reação Transfusional , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/efeitos adversos , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/mortalidade , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/normas , Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Transfusão de Sangue/mortalidade , Transfusão de Sangue/normas , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue/efeitos da radiação , França , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Fatores de Risco , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of cell wall content was used for identification of mycobacteria isolated in primary cultures. GLC permitted determination of the fatty acid and alcohol profiles of Mycobacterium simiae and Mycobacterium marinum and detection of a peak in Mycobacterium ulcerans formerly described for Mycobacterium malmoense. Using the data obtained to fill some of the gaps in the dichotomic trees of Tisdall et al. and Jantzen et al., GLC analysis allowed full identification of 8 of 22 mycobacterial species after 24 hours. The other 14 species could be divided into four groups on the basis of similar findings on GLC. TLC was used for full identification of three species. The identification results of conventional methods were concordant with those of GLC and TLC in 161 of 169 strains (93%) representing 21 different species. Using primarily chromatography for analysis of cell wall content, and in the case of some species complementary biochemical tests, the identification procedure could be shortened to a maximum of three days after primary culture.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Cromatografia em Camada Fina/métodos , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Mycobacterium/classificação , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Propionic acid producing strains of Corynebacterium minutissimum were isolated from three patients with opportunistic infections. One neutropenic patient was undergoing chemotherapy for prolymphocytic leukemia; the other two patients were undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis respectively. An unusual feature of these three strains was their resistance to several antibiotics, which is seldom seen in diphtheroids other than Corynebacterium jeikeium and CDC group D2.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas/microbiologia , Propionatos/metabolismo , Idoso , Corynebacterium/classificação , Corynebacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Corynebacterium/isolamento & purificação , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Liver abscess is a rare complication of Crohn's disease. The authors describe a case of liver abscess associated with inactive regional enteritis which recovered completely under antibiotic treatment alone.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapêutico , Abscesso Hepático/etiologia , Humanos , Ileíte/complicações , Abscesso Hepático/diagnóstico por imagem , Abscesso Hepático/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
We conducted a study to determine the safety of guidewire exchange of central venous catheters suspected of causing catheter-related sepsis (CRS). Out of a total of 146 patients studied prospectively 41 (28%) suspected of having CRS, were randomly allocated to have their catheters changed over a guidewire (group I) or replaced by a new contralateral venipuncture (group II). One hundred and five patients (group III) requiring only one catheterization served as a control group. Positive semiquantitative cultures (greater than or equal to 15 colonies per plate) of the catheter tip constituted a reliable index of CRS (positive and negative predictive value of 100%). No significant difference in catheter contamination rate and CRS rate was found between group I and II (p = 0.13) and between group I and II versus group III. Nevertheless, there were fewer problems of insertion in the guidewire group (p = 0.03). We conclude that changing a central venous catheter over a guidewire is as safe and has better patient acceptability than inserting a new one, as the proven CRS rate is low (2%) despite a high (27%) suspected rate.