Can Storage Stability and Simulated Gastrointestinal Behavior Change the Cytotoxic Effects of Concentrated Guava Leaves Extract against Human Lung Cancer Cells?

The influence of storage stability and simulated gastrointestinal behavior of different extracts of guava leaves extracts (NC: not concentrated, and C10 and C20: concentrated by nanofiltration) was evaluated based on their total phenolic compound (TPC) contents and antioxidant activity as well as on their cytotoxic effects on A549 and Vero cells. The results showed that C10 and C20 presented high stability for 125 days probably due to their high TPC contents and antioxidant activity. The simulated gastrointestinal behavior modified their TPC contents; however, after all digestion steps, the TPC values were higher than 70%, which means that they were still available to exert their bioactivities. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of these extracts were evaluated before and after the simulated gastrointestinal behavior or under different storage conditions. C10 presented the best selectivity indices (SI) values (IC50 Vero cells/IC50 A549 cells) at both conditions suggesting that it can be considered a potential extract to be developed as a functional food due to its resistance to the gastrointestinal digestion and storage conditions tested.

An opportunity for acerola pulp (Malpighia emarginata DC) valorization evaluating its performance during the block cryoconcentration by physicochemical, bioactive compounds, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and multi-elemental profile analysis.

The present study evaluated the effect of cryoconcentration of pulp blocks of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC). The study evaluated cryoconcentration in three stages. The cryoconcentrated samples, the ice fractions, and the initial pulp were evaluated for physicochemical composition, bioactive composition, and multielement profile. The cryoconcentrated sample obtained in the third stage of cryoconcentration showed the best results for the concentration factor, process efficiency, total soluble solids content, red color intensity, and increasing of the macro and micronutrients: Cu, Ca, S, Sr, K, Mn, Na, P, Mg, Fe. All stages presented good performance in the total soluble solids content, increase in the titratable acidity of the concentrates, and progressive increase in the intensity of the red color. Generally, higher levels of total phenolic and antioxidant activity were found for the 2nd and 3rd concentrates. The phenolic activity showed an increase of 166.90% in the 3rd stage concentrate compared to fresh pulp, and the antioxidant activity was 112.10% by the ABTS method and 131.60% by the DPPH method, both in the 3rd stage concentrate. The major individual polyphenols were Ferulic acid, Protocatechuic acid, and Taxifolin, with significant increases in the concentration of the compounds in the 2nd and 3rd stage concentrates. In addition, the contents of potentially toxic metals were below detection limits. During the cryoconcentration process, there was a decrease in the values ​​of vitamin C content, moisture content, density, and elements Cu, Sr, and Zn.

Bioactive compounds recovery by freeze concentration process from winemaking by-product.

Grape pomace is the main solid residue of wine industry, containing high amounts of phenolic compounds. Considering its high potential, an extraction procedure was optimized for maximal recovery of anthocyanins from grape pomace (Vitis vinifera L.) using citric acid as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) acidulant in water. Volume of solvent (3.2-36.8 mL), time (14.4-165.6 min) and pH of solvent (1.12-4.48) were the studied variables. Furthermore, the best condition to obtain extract rich in anthocyanins was submitted to the gravitational block freeze concentration process. The performance of the process was evaluated and cryoconcentrated and ice fractions were analyzed for physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds content, and antioxidant activity. Interaction, linear, and quadratic effects for volume and pH of solvent were significant by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The experimental design allowed the prediction for maximal recovery of anthocyanins (10 mL of solvent at pH 1.8). The bioactive composition of the optimized grape pomace extract was influenced by the cryoconcentration process. After three cycles using gravitational block freeze concentration, the total phenolics and monomeric anthocyanins were approximately 4 and 5 times higher than the initial condition of the extract, respectively. Consequently, an increase in antioxidant activity was observed. The increase in the concentration of bioactive compounds reached a process efficiency of 93% (stage 1) for phenolic compounds and 91% (stage 2) for anthocyanins. Therefore, the final water-based optimized method is safe and has a low cost and the concentrated extract certainly showed higher concentrations of total phenolics and anthocyanins, compared to the initial extract. The proposed clean extraction method and cryoconcentration technique can be considered important strategies for recovering and valuing grape pomace components, improving the approach to the circular economy concept in the wine industry.

Dairy powder enriched with a soy extract (Glycine max): Physicochemical and polyphenolic characteristics, physical and rehydration properties and multielement composition.

This work presents the enrichment of powdered dairy compounds with soy extract, and the determination of its physical properties, rehydration characteristics, multielement profile, and polyphenolic potential. Five dairy compound formulations were developed, where milk powder was replaced by 10, 20, 30, 40, and 49 % w/w of soy extract.. Multivariate analyzes using combined PCA analyzes were used to group the samples and, thus, reveal the main characteristics associated with their physicochemical properties, bioactive composition, and multi-element profile. The protein content in the samples was not significantly affected by the addition of soy extract. There was a gradual increase in the total fat as the concentration of soy extract increased. Furthermore, with the increase in the percentage of soy extract in the dairy compounds, there was an increase in the levels of total polyphenols, total flavonols, and antioxidant capacity, and of some minerals, such as Fe, Mn, P, Cu, and Mg. The DC49 sample showed the highest values for total polyphenols (178.65 mg of gallic acid (GAE)/100 g) and total flavonols (1.51 mg of catechin/100 g). The addition of soy extract promoted the enrichment of important minerals in the samples, with an increase of up to 55 times in the Fe content and up to 40 times in the Mn content. Physical properties (density and fluidity) and rehydration properties (wetting, dispersibility, and solubility) also were affected as the percentage of soy extract in the samples increased. When there was an addition of up to 20 % soy extract, the samples are still wettable. All dairy compounds showed solubility above 69 %. The use of soy extract in the polyphenolic and mineral enrichment of the dairy compounds is important to add nutritional value to powdered milk, we emphasize that this product has enormous potential to be used in diets that require mineral supplementation.

Campomanesia spp. native fruits as potential source of health-promoting compounds

Campomanesia xanthocarpa var. littoralis, Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Berg), and Campomanesia eugenioides are native fruit plants found in Brazil. Due to the scarce number of controlled scientific studies comparing different native Campomanesia species, this study sought to determine their bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties. C. eugenioides proved to be a rich source of total phenolic compounds, also showing the best antioxidant capacity by the ABTS, DPPH and molybdenum reduction power methods. On the other hand, C. xanthocarpa var. littoralis showed the best results for total flavonoids content, and Iron(II) chelation power. The phenolic compounds contents present in C. eugenioides could be responsible for the best antioxidant activity. This study provides key scientific data regarding the use of valuable fruits from different edible Campomanesia species to produce bioactive ingredients, as well as natural preservatives for food products. Thus, our results contribute to the discovery of the potential application of these native Campomanesia Brazilian fruits, as a natural product with functional and antioxidant properties.

Avaliação tecnológica, microbiológica, química e física de conservas de mexilhões (Perna perna) embaladas a vácuo / Technological, microbiological, chemical and physical evaluation of mussel conserves (Perna perna) vacuum packed

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do processamento térmico sobre as propriedades de mexilhões em embalagem flexível a vácuo, preparados com diferentes teores de cloreto de sódio (sal) e ácido lático, mantidos a 25+- 1ºC por até 90 dias. As conservas foram avaliadas quanto ás características microbiológicas, pH, bases voláteis totais (N-BVT) e perfil de textura. Essa forma de conservação mostrou-se eficiente quanto às características microbiológicas.Os resultados obtidos para coliformes a 45ºC, Salmonella ssp. e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. O mesmo comportamento foi observado para os teores de N-BVT das conservas sendo todos menores ou igual 13,36 mg/100g do produto. Valores adequados de pH foram observados foram observados quando empregados teores de ácido lático entre 5,0 e 7,5 por cento. O teste de compressão evidenciou maior dureza e consistência nas conservas de mexilhões, armazenadas por 30 dias, quando continham menores teores de sal e maiores de ácido lático. Porém, o mesmo teste quando realizado aos 90 dias de armazenamento indicou menor dureza ew consistência para conservas com maiores teores de ácido lático. No teste de penetração não foram observadas relações entre os parâmetros dureza e consistência comn os teores de sal e ácido láqtico empregados.

Avaliação sensorial de sorvetes elaborados com leite de cabra / Sensorial evaluation of ice-cream elaborated with goat milk

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar sensorial e economicamente formulações de sorvetes obtidos a partir do uso de leite de cabra em pó ou pasteurizado, gordura vegetal hidrogenada e aroma de morango. De vinte e sete formulações inicialmente previstas em um delineamento experimental, utilizando leite de cabra em pó, foram escolhidas as três melhores formulações. Estas três formulações foram avaliadas sensorialmente em três repetições utilizando leite de cabra em pó e três repetições utilizando o leite de cabra pasteurizado. Tanto para o leite em pó quanto para o pasteurizado as formulações escolhidas pelos julgadores foram as elaboradas com as seguintes variáveis: 80 g de gordura vegetal hidrogenada, 0,80 litros de leite de cabra (pó - reconstituído ou pasteurizado) e 0,12 g de aroma de morango. Estas formulações apresentaram índice de aceitabilidade de 87,1 para o sorvete elaborado com leite de cabra em pó e 84,3 para o leite de cabra pasteurizado. Foram realizadas as análises de custo, considerando-se apenas os ingredientes da formulação com maior IA, que resultaram num custo de R$ 3,15 por litro e R$ 2,68 para o sorvete de leite de cabra em pó e para o sorvete de leite de cabra pasteurizado, respectivamente

The objective of this work was to evaluate sensory and economically formulations obtained from of goatpowder milk, vegetable fat and strawberry aroma. At least of twenty seven formulations listed in anexperimental design, were choiced three best formulations, that they also were elaborated in triplicate tothe powder goat milk and pasteurized goat milk. Finally it was choiced the best formulation. The final andthe best ice-cream had the following formulation: 80 g of vegetable fat, 0.80 L of goat milk (powder ­reconstituted or pasteurized milk) and 0.12 g of strawberry aroma. These formulations shown AcceptabilityIndex (AI) of 87.1 % to ice-cream elaborated with powder milk and 84.3 % to pasteurized milk. Consideringjust the last and the best AI formulation, it were realized the cost analysis of ice-creams. The price ice-cream with powder goat milk was equally to R$ 3.15 per liter, while with pasteurized milk was price per literwas equally to 2.68 per liter