Complex interactions between nicotine and resveratrol in the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test.

Nicotine (NIC) and resveratrol (RES) are chemicals in tobacco and wine, respectively, that are widely consumed concurrently worldwide. NIC is an alkaloid known to be toxic, addictive and to produce oxidative stress, while RES is thought of as an antioxidant with putative health benefits. Oxidative stress can induce genotoxic damage, yet few studies have examined whether NIC is genotoxic in vivo. In vitro studies have shown that RES can ameliorate deleterious effects of NIC. However, RES has been reported to have both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, and an in vivo study reported that 0.011 mM RES was genotoxic. We used the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test to determine whether NIC and RES, first individually and then in combination, were genotoxic and/or altered the cell division. We hypothesized that RES would modulate NIC's effects. NIC was genotoxic in the standard (ST) cross in a concentration-independent manner, but not genotoxic in the high bioactivation (HB) cross. RES was not genotoxic in either the ST or HB cross at the concentrations tested. We discovered a complex interaction between NIC and RES. Depending on concentration, RES was protective of NIC's genotoxic damage, RES had no interaction with NIC, or RES had an additive or synergistic effect, increasing NIC's genotoxic damage. Most NIC, RES, and NIC/RES combinations tested altered the cell division in the ST and HB crosses. Because we used the ST and HB crosses, we demonstrated that genotoxicity and cell division alterations were modulated by the xenobiotic metabolism. These results provide evidence of NIC's genotoxicity in vivo at specific concentrations. Moreover, NIC's genotoxicity can be modulated by its interaction with RES in a complex manner, in which their interaction can lead to either increasing NIC's damage or protecting against it.

Pembrolizumab in soft-tissue sarcomas with tertiary lymphoid structures: a phase 2 PEMBROSARC trial cohort.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show limited clinical activity in patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs). Retrospective analysis suggests that intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are associated with improved outcome in these patients. PEMBROSARC is a multicohort phase 2 study of pembrolizumab combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced STS (NCT02406781). The primary endpoint was the 6-month non-progression rate (NPR). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. The 6-month NPR and ORRs for cohorts in this trial enrolling all comers were previously reported; here, we report the results of a cohort enrolling patients selected based on the presence of TLSs (n = 30). The 6-month NPR was 40% (95% confidence interval (CI), 22.7-59.4), so the primary endpoint was met. The ORR was 30% (95% CI, 14.7-49.4). In comparison, the 6-month NPR and ORR were 4.9% (95% CI, 0.6-16.5) and 2.4% (95% CI, 0.1-12.9), respectively, in the all-comer cohorts. The most frequent toxicities were grade 1 or 2 fatigue, nausea, dysthyroidism, diarrhea and anemia. Exploratory analyses revealed that the abundance of intratumoral plasma cells (PCs) was significantly associated with improved outcome. These results suggest that TLS presence in advanced STS is a potential predictive biomarker to improve patients' selection for pembrolizumab treatment.

Surgeon-led 7-VINCut Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention Decreases Duration of Treatment and Carbapenem Use in a General Surgery Service.

Antibiotic stewardship programs optimize the use of antimicrobials to prevent the development of resistance and improve patient outcomes. In this prospective interventional study, a multidisciplinary team led by surgeons implemented a program aimed at shortening the duration of antibiotic treatment <7 days. The impact of the intervention on antibiotic consumption adjusted to bed-days and discharges, and the isolation of multiresistant bacteria (MRB) was also studied. Furthermore, the surgeons were surveyed regarding their beliefs and feelings about the program. Out of 1409 patients, 40.7% received antibiotic therapy. Treatment continued for over 7 days in 21.5% of cases, and, as can be expected, source control was achieved in only 48.8% of these cases. The recommendations were followed in 90.2% of cases, the most frequent being to withdraw the treatment (55.6%). During the first 16 months of the intervention, a sharp decrease in the percentage of extended treatments, with R2 = 0.111 was observed. The program was very well accepted by surgeons, and achieved a decrease in both the consumption of carbapenems and in the number of MRB isolations. Multidisciplinary stewardship teams led by surgeons seem to be well received and able to better manage antibiotic prescription in surgery.

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) targeting in patients with advanced osteosarcomas: results from the PEMBROSARC study.

PURPOSE: There are some lines of evidence suggesting a potential role of immunotherapy for treating patients with osteosarcomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 study of pembrolizumab in combination with metronomic cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced osteosarcomas. All patients received 50 mg b.i.d. of cyclophosphamide one week on and one week off and 200 mg of intravenous pembrolizumab (every 3 weeks). There was a dual primary end-point, encompassing both the non-progression and objective responses at 6 months per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST), version 1.1. An objective response rate of 20% and/or a 6-month non-progression rate of 60% were determined as reasonable objectives for treatment with meaningful effect. Correlative studies of immune biomarkers were planned from the patients' tumour samples. RESULTS: Between October 13 2015 and July 3 2017, 17 patients were included. Fifty were assessable for the efficacy end-point. Four patients experienced tumour shrinkage, resulting in a partial response (PR) in one patient (6.7%). The 6-month non-progression rate was 13.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-40.5). The most frequent adverse events were grade I or II nausea, anaemia, anorexia and fatigue. programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression rate was low, observed in only 2 cases of 14 with available tumour material. The only patient who experienced PR had a PD-L1-negative tumour. CONCLUSION: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibition has limited activity in osteosarcomas. Further studies investigating PD-1 inhibitor in combination with agents modulating the microenvironment are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02406781.

Lycopene, resveratrol, vitamin C and FeSO4 increase damage produced by pro-oxidant carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in Drosophila melanogaster: Xenobiotic metabolism implications.

4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) is a pro-oxidant carcinogen bioactivated by xenobiotic metabolism (XM). We investigated if antioxidants lycopene [0.45, 0.9, 1.8 µM], resveratrol [11, 43, 172 µM], and vitamin C [5.6 mM] added or not with FeSO4 [0.06 mM], modulate the genotoxicity of 4-NQO [2 mM] with the Drosophila wing spot test standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses, with inducible and high levels of cytochromes P450, respectively. The genotoxicity of 4-NQO was higher when dissolved in an ethanol - acetone mixture. The antioxidants did not protect against 4-NQO in any of both crosses. In the ST cross, resveratrol [11 µM], vitamin C and FeSO4 resulted in genotoxicity; the three antioxidants and FeSO4 increased the damage of 4-NQO. In the HB cross, none of the antioxidants, neither FeSO4, were genotoxic. Only resveratrol [172 µM] + 4-NQO increased the genotoxic activity in both crosses. We concluded that the effects of the antioxidants, FeSO4 and the modulation of 4-NQO were the result of the difference of Cyp450s levels, between the ST and HB crosses. We propose that the basal levels of the XM's enzymes in the ST cross interacted with a putative pro-oxidant activity of the compounds added to the pro-oxidant effects of 4-NQO.

Evening chronotype associates with obesity in severely obese subjects: interaction with CLOCK 3111T/C.

BACKGROUND: Chronotype has been related to obesity and metabolic disturbances. However, little is known about the relationship between circadian preferences and genetic background in CLOCK genes with obesity and weight loss among severely obese patients after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES: The research goals were (1) to examine whether evening chronotype is related to obesity and weight loss evolution in severely obese followed during 6 years after bariatric surgery and (2) to examine potential interactions between circadian preferences and CLOCK 3111T/C for obesity in this population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants (n=252, 79% female; age (mean±s.d.): 52±11 years; body mass index (BMI): 46.4±6.0 kg m-2) were grouped into evening and morning types. Obesity and weight loss parameters, energy and macronutrients intake, energy expenditure, chronotype, meal timing, sleep duration and CLOCK genotype were studied. RESULTS: Evening-type subjects showed significantly higher initial body weight (P=0.015) and BMI (P=0.014) than morning types. Moreover, evening-type, when compared with morning types, lost less weight (percentage of excess weight loss) after bariatric surgery (P=0.015). Weight-loss progression between the two chronotype groups differed significantly from the fourth year after the bariatric surgery toward a higher weight regain among evening types (P<0.05). We also detected a significant interaction between CLOCK 3111T/C SNP and chronotype for body weight at baseline (P<0.001). Specifically, among carriers of the risk allele C, evening types showed higher body weight than morning types (P=0.012). In addition, CLOCK 3111T/C SNP significantly associated with obesity and sleep duration in the older subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Evening chronotype is associated with higher obesity in severely obese subjects and with lower weight loss effectiveness after bariatric surgery. In addition, circadian preferences interact with CLOCK 3111T/C for obesity. The circadian and genetic assessment could provide tailored weight loss recommendations in subjects who underwent bariatric surgery.

A phase II trial of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with triple-negative androgen receptor positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (UCBG 12-1).

BACKGROUND: Several expression array studies identified molecular apocrine breast cancer (BC) as a subtype that expresses androgen receptor (AR) but not estrogen receptor α. We carried out a multicentre single-arm phase II trial in women with AR-positive, estrogen, progesterone receptor and HER2-negative (triple-negative) metastatic or inoperable locally advanced BC to assess the efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with a metastatic or locally advanced, centrally reviewed, triple-negative and AR-positive (≥10% by immunohistochemistry, IHC) BC were eligible. Any number of previous lines of chemotherapy was allowed. AA (1000 mg) was administered once a day with prednisone (5 mg) twice a day until disease progression or intolerance. The primary end point was clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 6 months defined as the proportion of patients presenting a complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) ≥6 months. Secondary end points were objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-six patients from 27 centres consented for IHC central review. Of the 138 patients with sufficient tissue available, 53 (37.6%) were AR-positive and triple-negative, and 34 of them were included from July 2013 to December 2014. Thirty patients were eligible and evaluable for the primary end point. The 6-month CBR was 20.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.7%-38.6%], including 1 CR and 5 SD ≥6 months, 5 of them still being under treatment at the time of analysis (6.4+, 9.2+, 14.5+, 17.6+, 23.4+ months). The ORR was 6.7% (95% CI 0.8%-22.1%). The median PFS was 2.8 months (95% CI 1.7%-5.4%). Fatigue, hypertension, hypokalaemia and nausea were the most common drug-related adverse events; the majority of them being grade 1 or 2. CONCLUSIONS: AA plus prednisone treatment is beneficial for some patients with molecular apocrine tumours and five patients are still on treatment. CLINICALTRIALSGOV: NCT01842321.

Timing of food intake is associated with weight loss evolution in severe obese patients after bariatric surgery.

BACKGROUND: Recent research has demonstrated a relationship between the timing of food intake and weight loss in humans. However, whether the meal timing can be associated with weight loss in patients treated with bariatric surgery is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of food-timing in the evolution of weight loss in a sample of 270 patients that underwent bariatric surgery with a follow-up of 6 years. METHODS: Participants (79% women; age [mean ± SD]: 52 ± 11 years; BMI: 46.5 ± 6.0 kg/m2) were classified according their weight loss response patterns after bariatric surgery: good weight-loss-responders (67.8%), primarily poor weight-loss-responders (10.8%) or secondarily poor weight-loss-responders (21.4%). Then, they were grouped in early-eaters and late-eaters, according to the timing of the main meal (before or after 15:00 h). Obesity and biochemical parameters, energy and macronutrients intake, energy expenditure, sleep duration, and chronotype were studied. RESULTS: The percentage of late eaters (after 15:00 h) was significantly higher in the primarily poor weight-loss-responders (∼70%) than in both secondarily poor weight-loss-responders (∼42%) and good weight-loss-responders (∼37%) (p = 0.011). Consistently, primarily poor weight-loss-responders had lunch later as compared to good and secondarily poor weight-loss-responders (p = 0.034). Age, gender and type of surgery were not determining. Surprisingly, obesity-related variables, biochemical parameters, pre-surgical total energy expenditure, sleep duration, chronotype, calorie intake and macronutrients distribution, were similar among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss effectiveness after bariatric surgery is related to the timing of the main meal. Our preliminary results suggest that the timing of food intake is important for weight regulation and that eating at the right time may be a relevant factor to consider in weight loss therapy even after bariatric surgery.

Modified Lothrop procedure in cystic fibrosis patients: does it have a role?

BACKGROUND: The management of frontal sinus disease in cystic fibrosis patients represents a challenge for many surgeons. Procedures can vary from the minimally invasive to those involving extensive open surgery. OBJECTIVE: This study describes the outcomes of the endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure, in terms of safety and morbidity, for cystic fibrosis patients with frontal sinus disease who did not improve following traditional functional endoscopic sinus surgery. METHOD AND RESULTS: The study setting was a tertiary referral unit in a London teaching hospital, the largest national base for adult cystic fibrosis patients. Two patients diagnosed in childhood with cystic fibrosis presented with histories of recurrent, severe frontal sinusitis; both had previously undergone multiple endoscopic sinus surgical procedures. The modified Lothrop procedure was performed on both patients. The outcome measures were symptom resolution and post-operative complications. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure was beneficial in the cystic fibrosis patients with frontal sinus disease who failed to respond to standard functional endoscopic sinus surgery procedures.

Interactions of sulforaphane and dimethyl sulfoxide with methyl methanesulfonate, urethane, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and hydrogen peroxide in the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test.

Sulforaphane (SF) is an isothiocyanate present in Brassicaceae, vegetables that induce the detoxification of electrophiles and reactive oxygen species. SF has been correlated with chemoprevention mechanisms against degenerative diseases. We tested if the SF had an effect against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), urethane (URE), 4-NQO and H(2)O(2). SF (>95% purity, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56 mM) was diluted in a DMSO/Tw80/EtOH mixture (DTE) corresponding to 25, 50, 100% of lyophilized broccoli. The SF treatment (0.14 mM) was positive for small spots in the ST cross and negative in the HB cross. In the HB cross, SF (0.28 mM) was genotoxic. In the ST cross, the SF treatments showed a tendency to reduce the genotoxic damage caused by MMS, which could be explained by the radical scavenging action of the DTE mixture. In the ST cross, the frequency of small spots in the SF 0.14 mM/URE treatment was similar to that of Water/URE, which can be explained by a DTE and SF scavenger action. In both crosses, the results for the direct oxidants, 4-NQO and H(2)O(2), were different and must be related to differential modulation of CYPs expression and the SF and DTE scavenger properties.

The ghrelin O-acyltransferase-ghrelin system reduces TNF-α-induced apoptosis and autophagy in human visceral adipocytes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Proinflammatory and proapoptotic cytokines such as TNF-α are upregulated in human obesity. We evaluated the association between ghrelin isoforms (acylated and desacyl ghrelin) and TNF-α in obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes, as well as the potential role of ghrelin in the control of apoptosis and autophagy in human adipocytes. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of the ghrelin isoforms and TNF-α were measured in 194 participants. Ghrelin and ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) levels were analysed by western-blot, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR in 53 biopsies of human omental adipose tissue. We also determined the effect of acylated and desacyl ghrelin (10 to 1,000 pmol/l) on TNF-α-induced apoptosis and autophagy-related molecules in omental adipocytes. RESULTS: Circulating concentrations of acylated ghrelin and TNF-α were increased, whereas desacyl ghrelin levels were decreased in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Ghrelin and GOAT were produced in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue from obese patients with type 2 diabetes showed higher levels of GOAT, increased adipocyte apoptosis and increased expression of the autophagy-related genes ATG5, BECN1 and ATG7. In differentiating human omental adipocytes, incubation with acylated and desacyl ghrelin reduced TNF-α-induced activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, and cell death. In addition, acylated ghrelin reduced the basal expression of the autophagy-related genes ATG5 and ATG7, while desacyl ghrelin inhibited the TNF-α-induced increase of ATG5, BECN1 and ATG7 expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Apoptosis and autophagy are upregulated in human visceral adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes. Acylated and desacyl ghrelin reduce TNF-α-induced apoptosis and autophagy in human visceral adipocytes.

Seroprevalencia de rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina en hatos lecheros de Toca - Boyacá / Seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in dairy herds Toca - Boyaca

Objetivo. Determinar la Seroprevalencia de rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina (IBR) en hatos lecheros del municipio de Toca - Boyacá. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 80 muestras de sangre de hembras bovinas que estuvieran en producción, o que dentro de su historial reportaran un parto, especificando datos de cada una, identificación, edad, número de partos, problemas reproductivos que presentaban y el tipo de alteración reproductiva. Las muestras de suero fueron procesadas para determinar la presencia de anticuerpos de la enfermedad. Resultados. La seroprevalencia para IBR, en el municipio de Toca - Boyacá, fue de 35.65%, distribuida así: 17.9% en ejemplares entre 24-60 meses, 60.7% en animales de entre 72-108 meses y 21.4% en animales mayores de 109 meses; la prueba fue positiva en 32% de las vacas con problemas reproductivos (n=8), en 1.25% (n=1) de la muestra se registró antecedente de aborto y prueba positiva. Conclusiones. El presente trabajo constituye el primer reporte de análisis de esta enfermedad en el municipio de Toca-Boyacá, que demuestra la presencia de la enfermedad en la zona. Simultáneamente, se plantea que esta afección pueda ser uno de los posibles factores de riesgo que afecta la rentabilidad económica de las producciones lecheras.

Objective. Determining the Seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in dairy herds in the municipality of Toca - Boyaca. Materials and methods. 80 blood samples were collected from female cattle that were in production or, that had a delivery reported in their charts, specifying data on each one of them: identification, age, number of deliveries, reproductive problems they presented as well as the types of reproductive impairments present. Serum samples were processed to determine the presence of antibodies of the disease. Results. The seroprevalence of IBR in the municipality of Toca - Boyaca, was of 35.65%, distributed as follows: 17.9% in specimens between 24-60 months, 60.7% in animals of 72-108 months and 21.4% in animals older than 109 months; the test was positive in 32% of cows with reproductive problems (n = 8), a history of abortion and positive test was reported in 1.25% (n = 1) of the sample. Conclusions. This work constitutes the first report of analysis of this disease in the municipality of Toca-Boyacá, demonstrating the presence of disease in the area. Concurrently, it suggests that this condition may be one of the possible risk factors affecting the economic profitability of dairy production.

Programa de reducción de estrés basado en mindfulness para funcionarios de la salud: experiencia piloto en un hospital público de Santiago de Chile / Mindfulness-based stress reduction for health care professionals: results from a pilot study in a public hospital in Santiago-Chile

Introducción: El programa de Reducción de Estrés basado en Mindfulness (MBSR) ha demostrado ser eficaz en el manejo de diversas condiciones médicas y psicológicas. El presente estudio evalúa la aplicabilidad y eficacia de MBSR en una población de funcionarías de la salud pública, usuarias de un centro médico-psicológico. Método: 12 funcionarias, heterogéneas en variables socio-demográficas y clínicas, participan en taller consistente en 9 sesiones (27 horas) de carácter educativo-experiencial. Se mide OQ-45 (cambio en psicoterapia), WHOQOL (calidad de vida) y FFMQ (habilidades en Mindfulness) antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Se observa mejoría significativa en sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva y somática, en diversos aspectos de la calidad de vida, y en destrezas Mindfulness. Discusión: Intervención derivada de la medicina integrativa y participativa, aplicada por primera vez en una población clínica de trabajadoras de la salud de un hospital de Santiago. Informa beneficios en salud y bienestar. Despierta interés en nuevas formas de promoción de la salud y en el abordaje clínico de esta población.

Introduction: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction program (MBSR) has shown to be effective for alleviating a wide range of mental and physical symptoms. The present study assesses the applicability and effect of MBSR in a group of health care providers, consumers of medical and psychological care. Method: 12 participants with heterogeneous diagnoses and socio-demographic characteristics entered this educational and experiential program: 9 sessions (27 hours) modality. We assessed change in psychotherapy (OQ-45), quality of life (WHOQOL) and in mindfulness skills (FFMQ). Results: MBSR reduced self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatic distress; it increased various aspects of quality of life and mindfulness skills. Discussion: The findings provide evidence that MBSR may act as a beneficial adjunct to outpatient medical and psychological management of health care providers.

Prueba de sensibilidad antimicrobiana de cepasde Salmonella grupo D (móviles e inmóviles) aisladasde ponedoras comerciales en Colombia / Antimicrobial susceptibility test of isolates of Salmonella group D (mobile and non mobile) from commercial laying hens in Colombia

Las infecciones originadas por bacterias del género Salmonella son una de las principalescausas de pérdidas económicas en la industria avícola, se caracterizan generalmentepor la presentación de cuadros diarreicos y septicémicos que llevan a las aves a unamarcada disminución en la producción y a la muerte. En Colombia, debido al efectonegativo que produce Salmonella spp. en las aves, y con el objetivo de poder controlarla enfermedad, se utiliza una gran variedad de productos antimicrobianos, de los cuales no se posee suficiente información acerca de su comportamiento en cuanto asensibilidad y resistencia frente a las cepas de Salmonella spp. de campo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la respuesta de 20 cepas de Salmonellas grupo D (móviles einmóviles) aisladas de aves ponedoras comerciales en Colombia frente a diferentes antimicrobianos. Para su aislamiento y tipificación se utilizaron técnicas microbiológicas convencionales, pruebas bioquímicas, serológicas y pruebas de susceptibilidad a los antibióticos por difusión en agar. Los resultados revelaron una resistencia total hacia la estreptomicina, seguida de altas resistencias para tetraciclina y florfenicol, y una menor resistencia a productos como fosfomicina y cloramfenicol.

Infections caused by Salmonella bacteria are a major cause of economic losses in thepoultry industry, because caused mainly by the presentation of diarrheas and septicemic birds leading to a marked decrease in the production death. In Colombia due to the negative effect by Salmonella spp. in poultry, and with the aim of controlling the disease, the people have been using a variety of antimicrobials, which do not possess sufficient information about its behavior in terms of sensitivity and resistance againststrains of Salmonella spp. field. The aim of this study was to determine the response of20 strains of Salmonella group D (mobile and non mobile) isolated from commercial laying hens in Colombia against different antimicrobials. For the isolation and characterization are using conventional microbiological techniques, biochemical tests, serological testing and antibiotic susceptibility by agar diffusion. The results revealed a total resistance to streptomycin, followed by tetracycline and Florfenicol and less resistance to products such as Fosfomycin and chloramphenicol.

Seroprevalencia de Leptospira spp en caninos y humanos de tres barrios de Tunja, Colombia / Seroprevalence of in canines and humans Leptospira spp in three neighborhoods of Tunja, Colombia

Objetivo. Establecer la seroprevalencia de Leptospira spp., en la población canina y humana de barrios marginados en la ciudad de Tunja. Materiales y métodos. Se muestrearon 61 sueros caninos en los barrios marginales de la ciudad, parlelamente se muestrearon y encuestaron 46 humanos propietarios de las mascotas. Para el procesamiento de las muestras se empleó la técnica de microaglutinación-lisis (MAT) para seis serotipos de Leptospira spp. Resultados. Se encontró una seropositividad del 67.2% en la población de caninos muestreada, la seroprevalencia por serovares arrojada fue del 14.8% para L. icterohemorrágica; 8.2% para L. pomona; 9.85% para L. hardjo; 18% para L. canicola y 6.6% para L. automnalis y 9.8% para L. sejroë. Para los humanos la prevalencia fue del 21.7%, por serovares se encontró que L. automnalis tiene 4.35%; L. hardjo 2.17%, L. sejroë tiene 6.52%, L. icterohaemorragiae 6.52% y L. canicola 2.17%. Conclusiones. Estos resultados demostraron una gran problemática de alto impacto ya que en contraste con prevalencias de otros municipios de Colombia, mostró una elevada positividad en esta zona y dejan una gran preocupación por una rápida diseminación que podria suceder debido al contacto entre los diferentes vectores como lo roedores y caninos.

Sulforaphane modulates the expression of Cyp6a2 and Cyp6g1 in larvae of the ST and HB crosses of the Drosophila wing spot test and is genotoxic in the ST cross.

Constitutive overexpression of Cyp6g1 and Cyp6a2 genes in DDT-resistant line Oregon-flare of the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test (SMART) has been reported. Cyp6g1 and Cyp6a2 expression levels were compared against the ß-actin gene in the standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses of the Somatic Mutation and Recombination test (SMART) treated with sulforaphane or phenobarbital as the control inductor. The CYP450s' enzymatic activity was determined by overall NADH consumption. The expression levels of both genes and the CYP450s activity was higher in the HB cross. The Cyp6g1 levels were higher than those of Cyp6a2 in both crosses, but lower than the expression of ß-actin. Sulforaphane decreased Cyp6g1 in the HB cross and increased it in the ST cross; Cyp6a2 expression was inhibited in the ST cross. Sulforaphane resulted mutagenic in the ST cross, which could be related to the inhibition of Cyp6a2. Phenobarbital did not modify the Cyp6g1 levels but increased the Cyp6a2 and CYP450s basal activity. Although the transcript levels were always higher in the HB cross than in the ST, the expression of Cyp6a2 and Cyp6g1 was not constitutive and was independent one from the other. Sulforaphane modulated both genes in a differential way in each cross and, in contrast to its putative protective effect, it resulted to be mutagenic.

Efecto del amamantamiento restringido en los conteos de células somáticas en vacas holsteincruzadas / Effect of restricted suckling on somatic cell counts in cross holstein cows

Objetivo. Valorar el efecto del amamantamiento restringido en los conteos de células somáticas (CCS) en vacas Holstein Friesian cruzadas. Materiales y métodos. La zona de estudio está localizada en el Valle de Cuche municipio de Santa Rosa de Viterbo (Boyacá- Colombia). La muestra experimental se conformó de 20 vacas primíparas y 20 vacas multíparas en un 75% y 87.5% de pureza Holstein Friesian, las cuales fueron agrupadas de acuerdo al número de lactancias. Se dividió la población de estudio en dos unidades experimentales; en una unidadse realizó ordeño mecánico y amamantamiento de las crías (AR) y en la otra se hizo ordeño mecánico sin amamantamiento de las crías (CA), el amamantamiento se efectuó desde el día 4 hasta el 84 de edad de las crías para ambos sistemas. El experimento se realizó de enero de 2008 a Octubre de 2008, comenzando el día 4 posparto hasta el final de la lactancia. Resultados. La incidencia de los casos de mastitis de vacas fueron de 17.5 para CA y 6.25% para AR. El efecto entre el sistema crianza y la semana de lactación en CCS es altamente significativa (p<0.001), en CA las vacas mostraron valores de significancia mayores (p<0.001) comparados con las vacas asignadas al tratamiento de AR durante las semanas2-14 de lactación. Conclusiones. El sistema de amamantamiento restringido disminuye significativamente los conteos de células somáticas y mejora sustancialmente la sanidad de la ubre.

Image-guided, endoscopic removal of migrated titanium dental implants from maxillary sinus: two cases.

OBJECTIVE: We present two cases of dental implant migration into the maxillary sinus, with subsequent removal via image-guided, transnasal endoscopy. METHOD: Presentation of clinical cases, together with a literature review of alternative surgical techniques, the theories behind implant migration, and the benefits of an image-guided, endoscopic approach. RESULTS: One patient was asymptomatic, and the other had begun to experience sinogenic symptoms after implant displacement. Both patients presented to the ENT clinic, and both underwent the BrainLab protocol to generate computed tomography images for navigational reconstruction. Transnasal endoscopy was carried out with this guidance, and the implants were removed successfully in both cases. Previously used surgical techniques such as the Caldwell-Luc procedure or extraction through the tooth socket have higher rates of conversion to open procedures, more damage to the nasal sinuses and higher post-operative complication rates compared with the transnasal endoscopic approach. CONCLUSION: Both patients underwent successful removal of their migrated dental implants with no complications, and neither required any follow-up intervention.

Pruebas de sensibilidad frente a agentes anti microbianos en cepas de Brachyspira pilosicoli aisladas a partir de ponedoras comerciales en Colombia / Antimicrobial susceptibility test in Brachyspira pilosicoli strains isolated from commercial layers farms in Colombia

Las espiroquetas intestinales del género Brachyspira ocasionan enfermedades importantes en porcinos y aves. Se ha evidenciado un problema de incremento en la presentación de cepas resistentes a los antimicrobianos utilizados normalmente para tratar las espiroquetosis intestinales en porcinos, y esto podría ser aplicable a los aislamientos de aves. Hay muypocos reportes de sensibilidad antimicrobiana in vitro de cepas de Brachyspira spp. aisladas en aves. En este estudio se evaluó la sensibilidad de doce aislamientos de Brachyspira pilosicoli obtenidos de granjas de ponedoras comerciales a los agentes antimicrobianos tiamulina, tilosina y lincomicina, y se estableció la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI)mediante la técnica de dilución en agar. Todas las bacterias analizadas fueron sensibles a tiamulina (CMI≤0,1 μg/ml) y lincomicina (CMI 1 μg/ml) y resistentes a tilosina (CMI 5 μg/ml).

Intestinal Spirochaetes of the genus Brachyspira cause important diseases in swine and poultry. An increasing problem in the presentation of resistant strains to the antimicrobial drugs usually used to treat the intestinal spirochaetosis in swine has been evidenced and this could be applicable to the isolations from poultry. There are very few reports of in vitro antimicrobialsusceptibility of Brachyspira spp. isolated from birds. In this study the antimicrobial susceptibility of twelve Brachyspira pilosicoli isolates obtain from commercial layers was evaluated against tiamulin, tylosin and lincomycin establishing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by agar dilution technique. All bacteria analyzed were sensitive to tiamulin (MIC ≤0,1μg/ml), and lincomycin (MIC 1μg/ml) and resistant to tylosin (MIC 5μg/ml).

Frecuencia de Cryptosporidium spp en caninos de la ciudad de Tunja-Colombia / Frequency of Cryptosporidium spp in canine from city of Tunja-Colombia

Objetivo. Establecer la prevalencia de infección por Cryptosporidium spp en una muestra de caninos domésticos y explorar factores asociados con la positividad. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal; se colectó y analizó materia fecal de 132 perros en 3 consultorios veterinarios de la ciudad de Tunja, mediante técnica de sedimento Ziehl- Neelsen modificada. Los datos fueron analizados en Epiinfo 2002®. Resultados. El 47.7% de caninos estudiados fueron hembras y 52.3% machos, rango de edad 1-156 meses, media de 48 meses. El 16.38% de muestras fueron positivas para Cryptosporidium spp (IC95% 10– 24.5), se observo mayor frecuencia en menores de un año, la diarrea (OR=2.99 p=0.01) y el antecedente de vacunación se relacionó negativamente con la probabilidad de infección, lo que sugiere que puede ser indicador o predictor de la infección (OR=0.30 p=0.04). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de infestación encontrada sugiere transmisión frecuente en caninos de Tunja, y se considera de alto riesgo para la probabilidad de contraer una zoonosis. Se debe estudiar la infección en humanos dueños de mascotas y profesionales de la salud por el riesgo de transmisión, considerando la virulencia del contagio en pacientes inmunodeprimidos así como determinar la especie involucrada en la infección.