CircRNA as an Achilles heel of cancer: characterization, biomarker and therapeutic modalities.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs characterized by their lack of 5' caps and 3' poly(A) tails. These molecules have garnered substantial attention from the scientific community. A wide range of circRNA types has been found to be expressed in various tissues of the human body, exhibiting unique characteristics such as high abundance, remarkable stability, and tissue-specific expression patterns. These attributes, along with their detectability in liquid biopsy samples such as plasma, position circRNAs an ideal choice as cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Additionally, several studies have reported that the functions of circRNAs are associated with tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. They achieve this through various mechanisms, including modulation of parental gene expression, regulation of gene transcription, acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, and encoding functional proteins. In recent years, a large number of studies have focused on synthesizing circRNAs in vitro and delivering them to tumor tissue to exert its effects in inhibit tumor progression. Herein, we briefly discuss the biogenesis, characteristics, functions, and detection of circRNAs, emphasizing their clinical potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We also provide an overview the recent techniques for synthesizing circRNAs and delivery strategies, and outline the application of engineered circRNAs in clinical cancer therapy.

The transition of surgical simulation training and its learning curve: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023.

BACKGROUND: Proficient surgical skills are essential for surgeons, making surgical training an important part of surgical education. The development of technology promotes the diversification of surgical training types. This study analyzes the changes in surgical training patterns from the perspective of bibliometrics, and applies the learning curves as a measure to demonstrate their teaching ability. METHOD: Related papers were searched in the Web of Science database using the following formula: TS=[(training OR simulation) AND (learning curve) AND (surgical)]. Two researchers browsed the papers to ensure that the topics of articles were focused on the impact of surgical simulation training on the learning curve. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R packages were applied to analyze the publication trends, countries, authors, keywords, and references of selected articles. RESULT: Ultimately, 2461 documents were screened and analyzed. The USA is the most productive and influential country in this field. Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques publish the most articles, while surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques is the most cited journal. Aggarwal Rajesh is the most productive and influential author. Keyword and reference analyses reveal that laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, virtue reality, and artificial intelligence were the hotspots in the field. CONCLUSION: This study provided a global overview of the current state and future trend in the surgical education field. The study surmised the applicability of different surgical simulation types by comparing and analyzing the learning curves, which is helpful for the development of this field.

Insights into the history and tendency of glycosylation and digestive system tumor: A bibliometric-based visual analysis.

BACKGROUND: Glycosylation, a commonly occurring post-translational modification, is highly expressed in several tumors, specifically in those of the digestive system, and plays a role in various cellular pathophysiological mechanisms. Although the importance and detection methods of glycosylation in digestive system tumors have garnered increasing attention in recent years, bibliometric analysis of this field remains scarce. The present study aims to identify the developmental trends and research hotspots of glycosylation in digestive system tumors. AIM: To find and identify the developmental trends and research hotspots of glycosylation in digestive system tumors. METHODS: We obtained relevant literature from the Web of Science Core Collection and employed VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace (version 6.1.R6) to perform bibliometric analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2042 documents spanning from 1978 to the present were analyzed, with the research process divided into three phases: the period of obscurity (1978-1990), continuous development period (1991-2006), and the rapid outbreak period (2007-2023). These documents were authored by researchers from 66 countries or regions, with the United States and China leading in terms of publication output. Reis Celso A had the highest number of publications, while Pinho SS was the most cited author. Co-occurrence analysis revealed the most popular keywords in this field are glycosylation, expression, cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the Journal of Proteome Research was the most prolific journal in terms of publications, while the Journal of Biological Chemistry had the most citations. CONCLUSION: The bibliometric analysis shows current research focus is primarily on basic research in this field. However, future research should aim to utilize glycosylation as a target for treating tumor patients.

[Circular RNA-Encoded Proteins in Gastrointestinal Cancer:A Review].

Circular RNAs(CircRNAs)are a class of non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed-loop structure,high stability,and tissue specificity,with the production mechanisms different from linear RNAs.Recent studies have discovered that some CircRNAs can encode proteins via cap-independent translation mechanisms such as internal ribosome entry site,N6-methyladenosine,and rolling loop translation.The encoded proteins regulate homologous linear proteins or downstream signaling pathways via protein bait or other mechanisms,thereby exerting biological functions.Studies have shown that CircRNAs play a role in various diseases,especially in tumor progression,proliferation,invasion,and metastasis and immune regulation.Therefore,by elucidating the expression and roles of proteins encoded by CircRNAs in tumorigenesis and development,this paper is expected to provide new tumor markers and potential targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment.