Pulmonary Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor after kidney transplantation: two case reports with review of differential diagnosis.

Pulmonary nodules are a common complication in solid organ transplant recipients, and may have various underlying causes, with Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT) being one of them. Given the rarity of this entity, we describe the diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for post-transplant EBV-SMT in two individuals. Both cases involved female patients who were diagnosed with multiple pulmonary nodules 60 months and 116 months, respectively, after receiving living-related kidney transplantation. Pathological examination revealed a spindle cell tumor, with immunophenotype and EBV in situ hybridization supporting the diagnosis of EBV-SMT. After diagnosis, these two patients underwent intervention by decreasing their intake of immunosuppressants. As of the latest follow-up, the patients' lesion size remained stable, and their overall condition was favorable. We also reviewed literature about the morphological and molecular pathological features of EBV-SMT and highlighted the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary spindle cell lesions especially in the setting of immunosuppression.

Expert Consensus on Pathological Diagnosis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (2022 version).

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) can originate from the large bile duct group (segment bile ducts and area bile ducts), small bile duct group (septal bile ducts and interlobular bile ducts), and terminal bile duct group (bile ductules and canals of Hering) of the intrahepatic biliary tree, which can be histopathological corresponding to large duct type iCCA, small duct type iCCA and iCCA with ductal plate malformation pattern, and cholangiolocarcinoma, respectively. The challenge in pathological diagnosis of above subtypes of iCCA falls in the distinction of cellular morphologies, tissue structures, growth patterns, invasive behaviors, immunophenotypes, molecular mutations, and surgical prognoses. For these reasons, this expert consensus provides nine recommendations as a reference for standardizing and refining the diagnosis of pathological subtypes of iCCA, mainly based on the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System.

Effects of Nutritious Meal Combined with Online Publicity and Education on Postoperative Nutrition and Psychological State in Patients with Low Rectal Cancer After Colostomy.

Objective: To investigate the effects of nutritious meal combined with online publicity and education on postoperative nutrition and psychological state in patients with low rectal cancer after colostomy. Methods: The clinic data of 88 patients with low rectal cancer who received the colostomy in our hospital (August 2020-August 2021) were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 44 patients received nutritious meal combined with online publicity and education and they made up the study group, and the others were given conventional care and they made up the reference group. The nutrition indicators, scores of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF, and other materials of the patients in the two groups were compared. Results: After intervention, the various nutrition indicators, immune indexes, and WHOQOL-BREF score of the study group were all prominently higher than those of the reference group (P < 0.001). Compared with the reference group, the study group after intervention achieved markedly lower self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score and self-rating depression scale (SDS) score (P < 0.001) and obviously lower total incidence of complications (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Combining nutritious meal with online publicity and education can effectively improve the postoperative nutrition and immune function of the patients with low rectal cancer after colostomy, and this intervention contributes to releasing the patients' adverse emotions. Further study helps to provide these patients with favorable solutions.

Targeted delivery of exosomal miR-484 reprograms tumor vasculature for chemotherapy sensitization.

The vascular dysfunction of ovarian cancer (OC) contributes to the chemotherapeutic resistance. In this study, we aimed to explore whether exosome-mediated angiogenesis blocking could improve the chemotherapy sensitivity via vascular normalization. Exosomes were armed with RGD on the surface by fusing Lamp2b. Candidate miRNAs related to tumor angiogenesis was detected by qRT-PCR. RGD-modified exosomes were loaded with miRNAs via electroporation. The therapeutic effects of the exosomes on angiogenesis, vascular normalization, and chemotherapy sensitivity were systemically analyzed in the xenograft model. RGD-modified exosomes were relatively enriched in the tumor mass, both the tumor cell and the endothelial cells. Among the miRNA candidates, miR-484 was found down-regulated in both the cancer cells and the angiogenic endothelial cells. In vivo xenograft model experiment revealed that injection of RGD-modified exosomes loaded with miR-484 induced vessel normalization and in turn sensitized the cancer cells to chemotherapy induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, miR-484 simultaneously inhibited the expression of VEGF-A from the cancer cells and the corresponding receptors in the endothelial cells. Targeted delivery of miR-484 via RGD-modified exosomes improves the vascular normalization, sensitizes the cancer to chemotherapy, and prolongs the survival time of tumor-bearing mice after chemotherapy, opening an avenue for the clinical management of chemotherapy resistance.

Gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment between linked color imaging based on endoscopy and pathology.

OBJECTIVE: Cumulative evidence suggests that linked color imaging (LCI) can be used to identify gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). We aimed to develop endoscopic grading for GIM (EGGIM) with LCI. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-seven patients who underwent high-resolution white-light gastroscopy followed by LCI for EGGIM estimation were included. LCI was performed for the entire mucosa, and images of five areas each were recorded from the lesser and greater curvatures of the antrum and corpus, and for the incisura. For each area, scores of 0 (no GIM), 1 (focal GIM, ≤30% of the area), and 2 (extensive GIM, >30% of the area) were attributed for 10 points. If GIM was suspected based on endoscopy findings, targeted biopsies were performed; if GIM was not evident, random biopsies were performed according to the Sydney system to estimate the operative link on GIM (OLGIM). RESULTS: GIM was staged as OLGIM 0, I, II, III, and IV in 136, 70, 37, 28, and 6 patients, respectively. For OLGIM III/IV diagnosis, the area under the receiver operating curve was 0.949 (95% CI 0.916-0.972). EGGIM of 4, with sensitivity and specificity of 94.12% (95% CI 80.3%-99.3%) and 86.42% (95% CI 81.5%-90.5%), respectively, was determined the best cut-off value for identifying OLGIM III/IV patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated the ability of EGGIM for diagnosing the extent of intestinal metaplasia and showed that EGGIM is related to OLGIM staging. EGGIM of 4 was the best cut-off value for identifying OLGIM III/IV patients.

A standardized pathological proposal for evaluating microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study by LCPGC.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a key pathological factor that severely affects the postoperative prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no MVI classification schemes based on standardized gross sampling protocols of HCC are available at present. METHODS: 119 HCC specimens were sampled at multiple sites (3-, 7-, and 13 points) for the optimum MVI detection rate. 16,144 resected HCCs were graded as M0, M1 or M2 by adopting three-tiered MVI grading (MVI-TTG) scheme based on the seven-point sampling protocol (SPSP). Survival analyses were performed on 2573 patients to explore the advantages of MVI-TTG. RESULTS: The MVI detection rate determined by SPSP was significantly higher than that determined by the 3-point sampling method (34.5% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.048), but was similar to that determined by the 13-point sampling method (47.1% vs. 51.3%, p = 0.517). Among 16,144 resected HCCs, the proportions of M0, M1 and M2 specimens according to SPSP were 53.4%, 26.2% and 20.4%, respectively. Postoperative survival analysis in 2573 HCC patients showed that the 3-year recurrence rates in M0, M1 and M2 MVI groups were 62.5%, 71.6% and 86.1%, respectively (p < 0.001), and the corresponding 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 94.1%, 87.5% and 67.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). M1 grade was associated with early recurrence, while M2 grade was associated with both early and late recurrence. MVI-TTG had a larger area under the curve and net benefit rate than the two-tiered MVI grading scheme for predicting time to recurrence and OS. CONCLUSIONS: SPSP is a practical method to balance the efficacy of sampling numbers and MVI detection rates. MVI-TTG based on SPSP is a better prognostic predictor than the two-tiered MVI scheme. The combined use of SPSP and MVI-TTG is recommended for the routine pathological diagnosis of HCC.

WDR74 induces nuclear ß-catenin accumulation and activates Wnt-responsive genes to promote lung cancer growth and metastasis.

Lung cancer has been notorious for its lack of advance in clinical therapy, urging for effective therapeutic targets. WD repeat-containing protein 74 (WDR74) has previously been implicated in tumorigenesis, but its mechanistic functions remain not well understood. Herein, WDR74 expression was observed to be increased upon lung cancer progression from healthy normal tissues to the primary cancer and further to the metastatic cancer. Through gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we found that WDR74 regulated lung cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, chemoresistance and cell aggressiveness in vitro. Moreover, a xenograft mouse model disclosed that WDR74 knockout inhibited lung cancer growth and metastasis, whereas WDR74 overexpression reciprocally enhanced these characteristics. Mechanistically, WDR74 promoted nuclear ß-catenin accumulation and drove downstream Wnt-responsive genes, thus revealing that WDR74 activated the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, WDR74 inducing nuclear ß-catenin accumulation and driving the downstream Wnt-responsive genes expression facilitates lung cancer growth and metastasis. WDR74 can serve as a candidate target for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer in clinic.

Renal injury following long-term exposure to carbon disulfide: analysis of a case series.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of renal damage caused by long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) in nine patients. METHODS: All the patients underwent ultrasound-guided renal biopsy. All specimens were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Samples form one patient were further analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Similar pathological changes were observed in all patients, but the degrees of lesions were different. All cases had moderate to severe nodular mesangial hyperplasia; among these, type "Kimme1stie1-Wi1son" (K-W nodule for short) was observed in four cases, type "K - W nodule" refer to nodular hyperplasia of mesangial membrane like letter K or W. four cases had proliferative extracapillary glomerulonephritis (GN), while there were no concomitant changes in one patient. Besides, six cases had diffuse basement membrane thickening, focal segmental sclerosis or bulbar sclerosis; two cases had diffuse glomerular sclerosis, and one case had focal segmental capillary hyperplasia. Moreover, all patients had renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis with less to moderate chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as renal arteriosclerosis. IHC showed that the depositions of IgA, IgM, C3d, C4d, C1q and Fib were not specific; while IgG, type III collagen, Fibronectin, Amyloid A, Igκ, Igλ, HBsAg and HBcAg were all negative. CONCLUSION: Diffuse nodular mesangial hyperplasia/sclerosing glomerular nephropathy is characterized by nodular mesangial hyperplasia with type "K-W nodules" formation, which we speculate is a special pathological manifestation of renal damage caused by carbon disulfide (CS2).

A nomogram-based immunoprofile predicts overall survival for previously untreated patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after esophagectomy.

BACKGROUND: Immunoscore, as a prognostic tool defined to quantify in situ immune cell infiltrates, appears to be superior to the TNM staging system. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), no immunoscore has been established; however, in situ tumor immunology is recognized as highly important. Our study aimed to construct a comprehensive immunoprofile for ESCC. METHODS: The infiltration of four immune cell types (CD8+/CD4+/Foxp3+/CD33+ cells), the expression of both inhibitory (PD-1/PD-L1/Tim-3/LAG-3) and stimulatory checkpoints (OX-40/ICOS), and IDO1 were evaluated by IHC staining and multi-color immunofluorescence in two independent cohorts (95 patients in the primary cohort and 55 patients in the validation cohort). The association with patients' overall survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox model. Nomogram-based immunoprofile was established using the independent prognostic variables. To determine its predictive accuracy and discriminatory capacity, the C-index and calibration curve were calculated. RESULTS: Significant correlation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells with PD-1+ T cell infiltration was found (P = 0.035), indicating the activation of the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in ESCC cases. More PD-L1+ ICs, Tim-3+ ICs and LAG-3+ ICs were found in the CD8-rich tumor microenvironment, which is in accordance with the feedback nature of immune system. After adjustment by TNM stage, four immune variables including the infiltration of CD8+/Foxp3+/CD33+ cells and the PD-L1 expression by tumor cells were selected to construct a prognostic nomogram. The calibration curves showed good accuracy of the nomogram for survival prediction. To overcome the complexity of applying a nomogram in a clinical setting, a simple immunoprofile was then established according to the points of each factor from the nomogram. Our immunoprofile model could separate same-stage patients into different risk subgroups, and showed superior accuracy for survival prediction than the TNM staging system based on the C-index calculation and ROC analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our nomogram-based immunoprofile can provide more accurate prognosis prediction and is an important complement to the TNM staging system for operable ESCC patients.

A novel prognostic biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: hsa_circ_0001649.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with increasing incidence worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) behave as a novel class of transcription products during multiple cancer processes. Specifically, hsa_circ_0001649 has been reported to be down-regulated in several cancers. However, its clinical significance and functional roles in PDAC is still unknown. RT-qPCR was carried out to measure the expression of hsa_circ_0001649 in PDAC tissue samples and cell lines. Additionally, the correlation between hsa_circ_0001649 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The prognostic role of hsa_circ_0001649 was explored by Cox regression analysis. The potential effects of hsa_circ_0001649 in PDAC cells were evaluated in vitro including cell proliferation, colony-forming ability and apoptosis. As a result, hsa_circ_0001649 was abnormally decreased in PDAC tissues and cells, and this down-regulation was correlated with tumor stage and differentiation grade in PDAC patients. Hsa_circ_0001649 could serve as an independent prognostic factor for PDAC patients after surgery. What's more, increased hsa_circ_0001649 caused tumor suppressive effects via reducing cell proliferation, colony-forming ability and promoting cell apoptosis in PANC1 and BxPC3 cells. Collectively, the results illustrated that hsa_circ_0001649 may play a tumor suppressor role in PDAC and offer a potential therapeutic target for treating this fatal disease.

Thyroid-Like Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a relatively uncommon malignant neoplasm. We recently encountered an unusual case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that histologically resembled a thyroid carcinoma. A thorough review of the English literature revealed only 2 similar cases that have been previously reported. Immunohistochemical studies are imperative to confirm the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and to exclude the possibility of metastatic thyroid carcinoma and other malignancies with thyroid-like features.

C3d deposition in the media of renal arterioles is a useful marker for arteriolosclerosis in IgA nephropathy.

C3d deposition in peritubular capillaries has been demonstrated to indicate antibody-mediated alloresponse during renal transplantation. C3d deposition in renal arterioles in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), however, is poorly documented. Especially, its significance to the pathology of primary glomerulonephritis remains unclear. This retrospective study included 340 patients with IgAN who underwent renal biopsy at our center. C3d strongly positive deposition in arterioles was observed in 123 (36.2%) of the 340 cases, and weakly positive deposition of C3d was observed in 217 cases (63.8%). In the weakly positive group, C3d mainly deposited in the intima of arterioles. In the strongly positive group, C3d deposited in the intima and the media of arterioles, presenting as the medial thickening and sclerosis of varying severities. The prognosis was worse in the C3d strongly positive group than in the weakly positive group during a 2-year follow-up (P = .027). The predictive value of C3d deposition in the media of arterioles in patients with IgAN may be a useful marker for arteriolosclerosis indicating unfavorable clinical outcomes.

Inhibitory effect of upregulated DR-nm23 expression on invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer.

To explore the role of DR-nm23 in the regulation of colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. Immunohistochemistry assay and in-situ nucleic acid hybridization were carried out to analyze the protein and mRNA expression of DR-nm23 in patient samples. The molecular cloning technique was applied to construct the recombinant lentiviral expression vector pGC-FU-DR-nm23-GFP. Lentiviral infection was used to introduce overexpression of exogenous DR-nm23 in SW620 colorectal cancer cells. Both in-vitro cell experiments and an in-vivo xenograft tumor model assay were carried out to determine the role of DR-nm23 in the regulation of colorectal cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Our data here showed that the expression level of DR-nm23 in colorectal cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in adenoma and normal tissue. The expression level of DR-nm23 was also found to be negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis and positively correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation. Besides, introduced overexpression of DR-nm23 in SW620 cells through lentiviral infection resulted in significant inhibition of its proliferation rate in vitro and growth rate in vivo. The cell migration ability in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo were also impaired at the same time. Our current study suggested that DR-nm23 may participate in the regulation of differentiation of colorectal cancer cells. Its downregulated expression is closely related to the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Thus, expression status of DR-nm23 may act as a potential prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer.

The continual presence of C3d but not IgG glomerular capillary deposition in stage I idiopathic membranous nephropathy in patients receiving corticosteroid treatment.

BACKGROUND: Pathologic diagnosis of stage I idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN-I) requires electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry that shows a glomerular capillary staining pattern of IgG and C3. However, it is not uncommon that renal biopsy did not obtain sufficient material for electron microscopy and that IgG and C3 staining in glomeruli largely lost at biopsy due to corticosteroid treatment. Since C3d is one of the final degradation products of C3 that is more stable in vivo, we determine if C3d staining could be used as a novel immunohistochemical marker for MN-I. METHODS AND RESULTS: 74 MN-I patients with electron microscopy proven MN-I were examined by immunoperoxidase staining of C3d. Intensive C3d staining was present in glomerular capillary like the staining pattern of IgG and C3 in MN-I. Importantly, in 40 MN-I patients who underwent corticosteroid treatment at biopsy the intensity and glomerular capillary pattern of C3d staining remained largely intact while the staining for IgG had substantially reduced and the pattern of glomerular capillary staining became unrecognizable. CONCLUSIONS: C3d glomerular capillary staining may be a novel marker for pathologic diagnosis of MN-I that is continuously present at biopsy in patient who has received corticosteroid treatment. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2120780075734479.

A profile of native integration sites used by φC31 integrase in the bovine genome.

The Streptomyces phage φC31 integrase can efficiently target attB-bearing transgenes to endogenous pseudo attP sites within mammalian genomes. To better understand the activity of φC31 integrase in the bovine genome, DNA sequences of 44 integration events were analyzed, and 32 pseudo attP sites were identified. The majority of these sites share a sequence motif that contains inverted repeats and has similarities to wild-type attP site. Genomic DNA flanking these sites typically contained repetitive sequence elements, such as short and long interspersed repetitive elements. These sequence features indicate that DNA sequence recognition plays an important role in guiding φC31-mediated site-specific integration. In addition, BF27 integration hotspot sites were identified in the bovine genome, which accounted for 13.6% of all isolated integration events and mapped to an intron of the deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) gene. Also we found that the pseudo attP sites in the bovine genome had other features in common with those in the human genome. This study represents the first time that the sequence features of pseudo attP sites in the bovine genome were analyzed. We conclude that this site-specific integrase system has great potential for applied modifications of the bovine genome.

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease in China: a cohort investigation and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) in western populations is high, AERD is rather rare in China, and few related studies have been published to date. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort investigation on the incidence of AERD in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in southern China. A literature search of the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database was conducted to obtain an overview of the incidence of AERD in the Chinese population, and previous studies on the incidence of AERD were reviewed. RESULTS: We found 2 patients with aspirin hypersensitivity among 351 consecutive CRS (309 with nasal polyps [NPs]) patients, suggesting a rate of 0.57% in the CRS population. Forty-five articles about AERD were obtained by Chinese-language literature searches. In total, 346 cases of AERD were reported during the past 30 years. CONCLUSION: Given the large population of NPs in China, the prevalence of AERD is very low, and this may be related to the reduced levels of nasal tissue eosinophilia and subsequent low asthma comorbidity.

[An experimental study on the safety of intratracheal drug administration].

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether injury and repair occur in the trachea and the lung after intra-tracheal administration of different drugs. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, a normal group, a blank control (BC) group, a normal saline (NS) group, a lidocaine (LD) group and an amikacin (AK) group. For the latter 3 groups, normal saline, lidocaine and amikacin were injected into trachea by needle puncture. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the ultra-structural changes of the epithelium, and the percentage of the area of damage (PAD) in tracheal mucosa was calculated. Moreover, pathological changes of the mucous membrane of bronchioles and alveolar epithelial cells were also examined, and the degree of lung pathology was semi-quantified. RESULTS: Two hours after the injection of the 3 drugs, derangement and edema of the cilia were evident by scanning electron microscopy. The PAD of the NS group, the LD group and the AK group were (94.2 ± 3.2)%, (93.1 ± 3.0)% and (95.5 ± 1.8)%, respectively; all being significantly higher than that of the BC group (1.3 ± 0.3)%. For the NS group and the LD group, the PAD decreased significantly after 24 h, which were (73.7 ± 7.8)% and (81.0 ± 4.6)% respectively, and returned to normal at 48 h and 96 h. While for the AK group, the damage began to improve at 72 h [PAD (62.1 ± 5.2)%], and recovered at 96 h. Airway epithelial derangement and cell edema in the alveoli and the bronchioles also occurred 2 h after drug injection, and inflammatory cell infiltration became evident at 24 h. At this time, the score of pathology was 1.80 ± 0.84, 2.60 ± 0.55 and 2.80 ± 0.45 for the NS group, the LD group and the AK group, respectively; all being higher than that of the BC group (0). These pathological changes recovered totally after 72 h for the NS and the LD groups, and 96 h for the AK group. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-tracheal administration of normal saline, lidocaine and amikacin in rats led to reversible airway mucosal and lung tissue damages.

[Pathological features and ultrastructure of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced thymic lymphomas in mice].

The objective of study was to investigate the origin and to classify the subtype of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced thymic lymphomas in mice. Histopathologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were performed to analyze the pathological features of the neoplasms. The results showed that the thymus in all cases became totally replaced by sheets of cells of the lymphoid series. All the tumors coexpressed CD3 and TdT. Transmission electron microscopic study showed the plasma membranes of malignant lymphoma cells were smooth. The nuclear profiles were usually regular, with varying percentage of convoluted nuclei. Few cell organoids were observed in cytoplasm. In conclusion, all the MNU-induced tumor classified by histopathologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies as precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma that were unquestionably related to the thymus origin and T-cell lineage.

Protein and mRNA characterization in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines with different metastatic potentials.

Metastasis, the important characteristic of malignant tumors, is closely associated with a series of changes in the expressions of genes and proteins. In this study, we compared mRNA and protein expressions in a pair of human colorectal carcinoma cell lines named SW620 and SW480 with different metastatic potentials by suppression subtractive hybridization and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer. After suppression subtractive hybridization and differential screening, 24 differentially expressed gene fragments were obtained, including 9 known genes and 15 novel genes. Nine known genes, such as Cytochrome C, Oxidase II and III, Serum amyloid A, Mitotic Control Protein dis3, Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4A, function in the process of growth and differentiation, transcription, apoptosis, signal transduction. Six novel genes were found to locate in chromosome 5. Northern blot further confirmed the results. For protein analysis, 16 significantly different protein spots were detected using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting analysis. The results were confirmed by Western blot. The peptide mass fingerprintings of spots were then compared with the NCBI and SWISS PROT database. The differentially expressed proteins included Galectin-1, Annexin A1, Casein kinase 2, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb, S-100D calcium-binding protein, which may be involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, signal transduction, cell adhesion and migration, and tumor evasion of immune responses. An analysis of these genes and proteins reiterated much of our understanding of the metastatic process and also offered some identified targets without previously characterized functions, especially the novel metastasis associated genes, to be further investigated. Moreover, the results of the phenotypic function-related expression mapping analysis at the mRNA and protein level revealed obvious complementarities, providing important clues for further study of the molecular mechanism of metastasis, metastasis control and possible targets for cancer gene therapy.