The prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and related risk factors among Iranian women.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which often includes high-risk genotype infection, is one of the leading causes of cervical cancer. This cross-sectional research included 503 Iranian women referred to the gynecology clinic of Kamali Hospital in Karaj, Iran, for routine cervical cancer screening between 2020 and 2021. Cervical specimens were collected from all participants with a special brush and transported to the laboratory for cervical cytology diagnosis. Overall HPV incidence among Iranian women was 39.96%, of which 23.06% had high-risk HPV genotypes and 9.7% had low-risk HPV types. The risk associated with HR-HPV types was considerably associated with employment and marital status.

Fresh frozen plasma prime and the level of gammaglobulin after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass.

Different organ perturbation and multiple complications might occur after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A variety of solutions might be used for pump priming with different advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) inclusion in pump prime has been shown in post-CPB coagulation management. Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia is the disadvantage of albumin (ALB) pump prime. Our aim was to assess the impact of FFP prime on the post-pump serum level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and its subclasses. Fifty-six patients under the age of 5 years old who were scheduled for cardiac surgery on CPB were randomly primed with FFP or ALB. Any innate or acquired immune deficiency was considered as exclusion criteria. The pre-CPB and 24-hour post-CPB collected blood samples were analyzed by the nephelometric method for the plasma level of IgG and its four subclasses. Twenty-two patients (mean age and weight of 13 months and 6.8 kilograms) in the ALB prime group and 26 patients (mean age and weight of 15 months and 8.1 kilograms) in the FFP prime group completed the study. Using paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA test, patients in the ALB prime group had a significant drop in the post-CPB serum level of total IgG (597±138 mg/dL to 379±179 mg/dL, P value <0.001) and its two subclasses of IgG1 and IgG3. In contrast, there was a slight elevation in the serum level of total IgG (549±207 mg/dL to 630±180 mg/dL, P value =0.008) and its two subclasses of IgG2 and IgG4 in patients who had FFP prime solution. In conclusion, compared to the ALB prime solution, FFP inclusion in prime could hamper the pediatric post-CPB induced hypogammaglobulinemia.

Cosmeceutical effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Kombucha tea by intradermal administration in the skin of aged mice.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Natural ingredients have been always an interesting approach to prolong youthful appearance of skin. One of the natural compounds is Kombucha tea (KT), which has been mainly used as an energy drink in Asian countries for a long time. Previous reports indicated that it has pharmaceutical and favorable wound repairing effects. The beneficial properties of KT are thought to be mainly due to the presence of fermentation products such as flavonoids and other polyphenols with inhibition of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes and anti-inflammatory effects. These properties prompted us to study the anti-aging potential of KT and investigate its effective fraction in aged mice, METHODS: Kombucha tea was fractionated into chloroform, butanol, and ethyl acetate, and flavonoid content was determined. Young and old mice were used as control. KT ethyl acetate fraction (KEAf), which had the highest flavonoid content, was intradermally administered to old mice. RESULTS: Administration of KEAf significantly increased the collagen content, NAD+ /NADH level, and concomitantly improved skin connective tissue abnormalities in the aged skin. No sensitivity or irritation was observed. CONCLUSION: This finding suggested that KEAf can be a suitable candidate as a cosmetic product to improve aging-related skin abnormalities and regeneration of aged skin.

Dairy Foods Intake among Female Iranian Students: A Nutrition Education Intervention Using a Health Promotion Model.

INTRODUCTION: This aim of this study was to increase dairy consumption in students following an education intervention based on Pender's Health Promotion Model (Pender's HPM) variables. METHODS: The study was done during September 2014-April 2015 in Savojbolagh, Alborz, Iran. The study sample included 142 middle-school female students who were allocated to either the intervention (n=71) or the comparison group (n=71). Pender's HPM variables and the daily servings of dairy foods consumed were measured in both groups by a self-administered questionnaire and a 3 d record before the intervention and 4 weeks later. The 4-week intervention was conducted for the intervention group. The data was analyzed through analysis of covariance and paired t tests. RESULTS: Compared to the comparison group, there were significant differences in Pender's HPM variables (except for the negative feelings, perceived barriers and competing demands), the daily servings of dairy foods consumed, and intakes of Calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin A in the intervention participants following the conducted intervention program. CONCLUSION: Developing theory-driven nutrition education programs may increase student's dairy foods intake.

Survival Rates for Breast Cancer in Iranian Patients: a Meta- Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. Since development of the disease in Iranian women occurs relatively early, the survival rate matters considerably. In different countries, survival of breast cancer patients varies considerably. Therefore, the one-year, three-year, five-year, and ten- year survival rates for breast cancer in Iran were assessed using a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on valid Iranian sources including SID, MAGIRAN and IRANMEDEX, along with reliable English databases, namely, PUBMED and SCOPUS. In domestic databases, a search was conducted based on key words of breast cancer and survival rate, and in international databases, with "breast cancer" and the equivalent of "neoplasm" of Mesh Word, "survival rate" and "Iran. " Then all reviewed papers and theses which met the inclusion criteria were selected for investigation. To conduct the analysis STATA 11.2 software and random-effects models were used. RESULTS: In 24 studies, 22,745 participants were included. The one-year, three-year, five-year and ten-year survival rates were 0.956, 0.808, 0.695 and 0.559, respectively. The minimum and maximum survival rates for 5-years were 0.48 and 0.87. The average age of the onset of the disease was 48.3. CONCLUSIONS: As in Iran, since the onset of the disease is at low age, in spite of the relatively high survival rate as compared to other cancers, prevention and screening programs at early age for early stage diagnosis seems necessary.

Estimation of the cure rate in Iranian breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Although the Cox's proportional hazard model is the popular approach for survival analysis to investigate significant risk factors of cancer patient survival, it is not appropriate in the case of log-term disease free survival. Recently, cure rate models have been introduced to distinguish between clinical determinants of cure and variables associated with the time to event of interest. The aim of this study was to use a cure rate model to determine the clinical associated factors for cure rates of patients with breast cancer (BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study covered 305 patients with BC, admitted at Shahid Faiazbakhsh Hospital, Tehran, during 2006 to 2008 and followed until April 2012. Cases of patient death were confirmed by telephone contact. For data analysis, a non-mixed cure rate model with Poisson distribution and negative binomial distribution were employed. All analyses were carried out using a developed Macro in WinBugs. Deviance information criteria (DIC) were employed to find the best model. RESULTS: The overall 1-year, 3-year and 5-year relative survival rates were 97%, 89% and 74%. Metastasis and stage of BC were the significant factors, but age was significant only in negative binomial model. The DIC also showed that the negative binomial model had a better fit. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that, metastasis and stage of BC were identified as the clinical criteria for cure rates. There are limited studies on BC survival which employed these cure rate models to identify the clinical factors associated with cure. These models are better than Cox, in the case of long-term survival.

The effect of ventricular septal defect enlargement on the outcome of Rastelli or Rastelli-type repair.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of ventricular septal defect enlargement on the early and late morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing Rastelli or Rastelli-type operations. METHODS: A total of 49 patients who underwent Rastelli or Rastelli-type operations between 1991 and 2007 were included in a retrospective follow-up study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A had ventricular septal defect enlargement, and group B did not have ventricular septal defect enlargement for comparison. Risk factor analysis for early or late death included patient-related and procedure-related variables, with failure, arrhythmia, and atrioventricular block as outcome parameters. RESULTS: Median age and weight at the time of the operation were 6 years (range, 3 months-22 years) and 17 kg (range, 7-48 kg), respectively. The ventricular septal defect was enlarged in 28 (57%) patients. Ventricular septal defect enlargement showed a significant statistical relation with late ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmia, and residual ventricular septal defect (P = .023, P = .047, and P = .01, respectively, log-rank test). No relation was found between ventricular septal defect enlargement and permanent pacemaker implantation (P = .73, log-rank test). Furthermore, enlargement of the ventricular septal defect did not show any significant effect on the rate of early mortality (P = .69, Cox regression). Kaplan-Meier estimated survival for patients with ventricular septal defect enlargement was 74% at 5 years and 65% at 10 years. Freedom from late death in the group without ventricular septal defect enlargement was 100% at 5 and 10 years and 83% at 15 years. At a median follow-up of 4 years (range, 6 months-16 years), there were 12 late-onset deaths: 11 in group A (n = 28) and 1 in group B (n = 21). Ventricular septal defect enlargement greatly increased the risk of late death (P = .009, Cox regression). CONCLUSIONS: Septal resection in patients undergoing Rastelli or Rastelli-type operations has a substantial effect on late morbidity and is a predictive factor for long-term mortality.