Zoonotic Transmission of Hepatic Hydatid Cyst from Domestic Dogs: A Case Report from an Urban-Marginal Area in Ecuador.

BACKGROUND Hepatic hydatidosis, or echinococcosis, is a zoonosis with worldwide prevalence and is potentially lethal in humans. This report presents a case of hydatidosis in a 40-year-old woman that was associated with a zoonotic transmission of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic dogs in an urban-marginal area of the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. This report shows how early diagnosis and awareness favored the correct treatment of the disease. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old woman from the aforementioned sector presented the following symptoms: malaise, pain in the upper right hypochondrium, palpable mass, jaundice, and fever. Next, the patient's fecal samples were analyzed by direct coproparasitic methods, flotation, and sedimentation with centrifugation using saline solution, whereby the presence of Entamoeba histolytica eggs was determined. Likewise, she underwent an ultrasound, in which hepatic hydatid cysts were observed. Subsequently, the cysts were treated and surgically removed, and parasitic forms of E. granulosus were identified. Later, coproparasitic analysis of her 2 domestic dogs for coproantigen ELISA were performed, by which the presence of this cestode was also identified and confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Hydatidosis is a zoonosis that can affect the population, especially in endemic areas of developed and underdeveloped countries. In this case, hepatic hydatidosis was identified in a 40-year-old woman. Additionally, the presence of E. granulosus eggs was determined in the fecal matter of her dogs, which indicated that the patient's relatives and other people around them were exposed to this zoonosis.

A Case of Urbanorum spp. in a Woman from an Urban-Marginal Sector of Ecuador.

BACKGROUND Worldwide, there are few cases of Urbanorum spp. in humans; however, it is associated with gastrointestinal pathologies, where humans probably acquire the disease by fecal-oral transmission, by ingesting food or water with infective cysts. The main symptoms of the patients who have this presumed parasite are fever, vomiting, colic, dyspepsia, and watery diarrhea. Since the first case of Urbanorum spp. was reported in 1994 in Colombia, cases have subsequently been reported in Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. In Ecuador, a prevalence of 1.16% has been reported, and the objective of this study was to record another case of Urbanorum spp. infection in Ecuador. CASE REPORT A female patient (mixed race; 40 years old; and thin, weighing 57 to 62 kg) requested help from the FCI Project approved and financed by the University of Guayaquil (Ecuador). She underwent routine tests, such as direct parasitology and sedimentation with centrifugation using saline solution. Samples were observed under an optical microscope with 10x and 40x objectives and stained with and without Lugol's solution. We detected a rounded structure with several filaments similar to light yellow pseudopods. CONCLUSIONS Herein, a case of Urbanorum spp. infection in Ecuador, where current environmental and sanitary conditions have contributed to new cases, is reported, indicating that the community was exposed to this probable parasite with importance in public health. Further studies are recommended to confirm its etiology, life cycle, and epidemiology, in order to create a national registry, in case it is defined as a protozoan.

Gastrointestinal nematodes of freshwater fish from Pilcomayo River, Argentina, including description of a new species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus).

Helminthological examination of viscera of six freshwater fish species, collected from Misión la Paz, Pilcomayo River, Province of Salta, Argentina, revealed the presence of five species of parasitic nematodes belonging to the Camallanidae, Cystidicolidae, Cucullanidae and Anisakidae  The material also contained one unknown species, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) tomsici sp. nov. collected from Pimelodus albicans, Pygocentrus nattereri and Hoplias misionera. This species is distinguished from its congeners all over de world by possessing six pores distinctly surrounding the mouth aperture, a buccal capsule with 3-4 spiral thickenings complete, females possessing a lateral cuticular ornamentation along the body, and two pairs of preanal and three pairs of postanal papillae in males. The findings represent new hosts and geographical records.

Efectos producidos por spinitectus jamundensis, nematoda cystidicolidae, en el estómago del sábalo prochilodus lineatus pisces prochilodidae / Effects produced by spinitectus jamundensis, nematoda cystidicolidae, in the stomach of the shad prochilodus lineatus pisces prochilodidae

The presence of the nematode spinitectus jamundensis in cardial and pyloric regions of the stomach of prochilodus lineatus is observed. Samples of the parasitized stomach were analyzed by histological techniques using hematoxilin eosin and mallory (azan) Heidenhainïs stainnigs. The macroscopical description of the inner surface of th stomach showing damages in the parasites penetration sites, were observed. Histological observations show that the parasite enters the mucous membrane reaching muscular mucous membrane of the cardial region or the epithelial plaits in the pyloric region reaching up to the muscular layer without crossing it. In this way, the parasite remains confined by a thin layer of connective tissue and in almost direct contact with tissue liquids. Sometimes, in host tissues as response to the parasite presence, an increased level in the amount of lymphocytes in the surrounding tissues is observed

Nematodos parásitos de peces del embalse de Termas de Río Hondo, Santiago del Estero, Argentina / Parasitic nematodes of fishes from Termas de Río Hondo, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

Cucullanus pinnai and spinitectus jamundensis are cited parasitizing three freshwater fish species: pimelodus albicans, leporinus obtusidens and prochilodus lineatus, captured in Termas de Río Hondo Pond, provice of Santiago del Estero, Argentina, in 1992 and 1995. The three fish species were parasited by S. jamundensis, but C. pinnai was found only in P. albicans and L. obtusidens. Morphologic and morphometric parasitological studies were carried out. The specimens described were Drawned. In addition, the following parasitic infection indexes were calculated: prevalence, mean and maximun intensity. The two nematode species identified are described for the first timein Argentina and increased the host. Range cited for the parasite species studied in this work

Physaloptera lutzi (nematoda, physalopteridae) parásito de liolaemus (iguania, tropiduridae) del noroeste argentino / Physaloptera lutzi (nematoda, physalopteridae) parasite from liolaemus (iguania, tropiduridae) from north-western Argentina

Specimens collected in several localities from and Tucumán provinces (north-western Argentina) Liolaemus quilmes and L. ornatus (oviparous population), and L. alticolor (viviparous population) were dissected. The specimens of lizards examinated have nematodes, in stomach, fore-gut and cloaca, identified as Physaloptera lutzi Guimaraes, Cristófaro and Rodrigues, 1976. This represents the first record for this parasite from Liolaemus species in Argentina. Morphologic and morphometric parasitological studies were done. The specimens were drawned and photographed. Also, the following parasitic infection indexes were calculated: prevalence, mean and maximun intensity

Spirocamallanus hilarii (nematoda, camallanidae) parásito de peces dulceacuícolas del embalse de Termas de Río Hondo, Santiago del Estero, Argentina / Spirocamallanus hilarii (nematoda, camallanidae) fresh water fishes parasite from Termas of Río Hondo Pond, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

Spirocamallanus hilarii (Nematoda, Camallanidac) is cited parasitizing five fresh water fish species: Salminus maxillosus Leporinus obtusidens, Hoplias malabaricus malabaricus, Oligosarcus jenynsii and Piinelodus albicans, captured in Termas de Río Hondo pond, province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Morphologic and morphometric parasitological estudies were done. The specimens describes were drawned and photographed. In addition, the following parasitic infection indexes were calculated: prevalence 26.5 percent, mean 6.6 and maximun intensity 27

Camallanus, Railliet et Henry 1995, parásito de hydrodynastes gigas del Chaco Argentino / Camallanus, Railliet et Henry 1995, parasite from hydrodynastes gigas from Argentine Chaco

Adult specimens of camallanus genus (nematoda, camallanidae), parasitizing a hydrodynastes gigas (serpentes, colubridae) from Argentine Chaco in the north east of Argentina, are described for the first time. The morphologic and morphometric parasitological studies were carried out using diaphanization by lactophenol technique. The specimens described were drawned and photographed. With this investigation the analysis of the reptilian pathologies, the knowledge of which in necessary to make projects, to manage and control the biomedic aspects in breeders, zoos and/or reserves has started. Thus, in enables us to know associated nematofauna providing facts about the biodiversity of nematode parasites of reptiles.

Infección por larvas de contracaecum sp en salminus maxillosus en el embalse de Termas de Río Hondo Argentina / Infection by contracaecum sp larvae in salminus maxillosus from Termas de Río Hondo Argentina

Between 1992 and 1993, ten characid fishes, salminus maxillosus from Termas de Río Hondo pond (27º33' S 64º57' W), Argentina were examined for contracaecum sp infection. Larvae were isolated from peritoneum of intestine and piloric ceca of salmonids. Morphological characteristics of larvae are described with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological comparisons between contracaecum sp. from s. maxillosus, and contracaecum rudolphii from freshwater fishes species from southern Chile and Argentina are given