A dicer-related helicase opposes the age-related pathology from SKN-1 activation in ASI neurons.

Coordination of cellular responses to stress are essential for health across the lifespan. The transcription factor SKN-1 is an essential homeostat that mediates survival in stress-inducing environments and cellular dysfunction, but constitutive activation of SKN-1 drives premature aging thus revealing the importance of turning off cytoprotective pathways. Here we identify how SKN-1 activation in two ciliated ASI neurons in C. elegans results in an increase in organismal transcriptional capacity that drives pleiotropic outcomes in peripheral tissues. An increase in the expression of established SKN-1 stress response and lipid metabolism gene classes of RNA in the ASI neurons, in addition to the increased expression of several classes of non-coding RNA, define a molecular signature of animals with constitutive SKN-1 activation and diminished healthspan. We reveal neddylation as a novel regulator of the SKN-1 homeostat that mediates SKN-1 abundance within intestinal cells. Moreover, RNAi-independent activity of the dicer-related DExD/H-box helicase, drh-1 , in the intestine, can oppose the e2ffects of aberrant SKN-1 transcriptional activation and delays age-dependent decline in health. Taken together, our results uncover a cell non-autonomous circuit to maintain organism-level homeostasis in response to excessive SKN-1 transcriptional activity in the sensory nervous system. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Unlike activation, an understudied fundamental question across biological systems is how to deactivate a pathway, process, or enzyme after it has been turned on. The irony that the activation of a transcription factor that is meant to be protective can diminish health was first documented by us at the organismal level over a decade ago, but it has long been appreciated that chronic activation of the human ortholog of SKN-1, NRF2, could lead to chemo- and radiation resistance in cancer cells. A colloquial analogy to this biological idea is a sink faucet that has an on valve without a mechanism to shut the water off, which will cause the sink to overflow. Here, we define this off valve.

Couple-based lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes: protocol for a randomised pilot trial.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes is prevalent among US adults. Lifestyle interventions that modify health behaviours prevent or delay progression to diabetes among individuals at high risk. Despite the well-documented influence of individuals' social context on their health, evidence-based type 2 diabetes prevention interventions do not systematically incorporate participants' romantic partners. Involving partners of individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes in primary prevention may improve engagement and outcomes of programmes. The randomised pilot trial protocol described in this manuscript will evaluate a couple-based lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes. The objective of the trial is to describe the feasibility of the couple-based intervention and the study protocol to guide planning of a definitive randomised clinical trial (RCT). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We used community-based participatory research principles to adapt an individual diabetes prevention curriculum for delivery to couples. This parallel two-arm pilot study will include 12 romantic couples in which at least one partner (ie, 'target individual') is at risk for type 2 diabetes. Couples will be randomised to either the 2021 version of the CDC's PreventT2 curriculum designed for delivery to individuals (six couples), or PreventT2 Together, the adapted couple-based curriculum (six couples). Participants and interventionists will be unblinded, but research nurses collecting data will be blinded to treatment allocation. Feasibility of the couple-based intervention and the study protocol will be assessed using both quantitative and qualitative measures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been approved by the University of Utah IRB (#143079). Findings will be shared with researchers through publications and presentations. We will collaborate with community partners to determine the optimal strategy for communicating findings to community members. Results will inform a subsequent definitive RCT. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05695170.

Blood group O is associated with post-COVID-19 syndrome in outpatients with a low comorbidity index.

BACKGROUND: ABO blood group system modulates the inflammatory response and has been implicated in COVID-19. Group O protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but there are no data regarding post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). Our aim was to assess this possible association. METHODS: Case-control study in a community setting, with subjects who had experienced mild COVID-19. Cases were PCS+, controls were PCS-, and the exposure variable, group O. We collected age, sex, BMI, smoking, comorbidities, inflammatory markers, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, blood type and clinical data. Five composite inflammatory indices were developed. Multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: We analysed 121 subjects (56.2% women), mean age 45.7 ± 16 years. Blood group frequencies were 41.5%, 7.9%, 5.9%, and 44.5% for A, B, AB and O, respectively. Thirty-six patients were PCS+, without significant differences between cases and controls. Compared to non-O, a higher prevalence of PCS (p = .036), and number of symptoms of PCS (p = .017) were noted in group O. Concerning biomarkers, PCS + and PCS- showed no differences in A, B, and AB groups. In contrast, group O PCS + patients had significantly lower albumin-to-globulin ratio and higher lymphocyte count, fibrinogen, CRP levels, and higher percentages of 3 composite indices, than PCS- subjects. Group O showed a 6-fold increased risk of PCS, compared to non-O (adjusted OR = 6.25 [95%CI, 1.6-23]; p = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Group O has shown a consistent relationship with PCS, characterised by a more intense inflammatory burden than the other blood groups. Blood group O could be part of the immunological link between acute COVID-19 and PCS.

Programa educativo Sonrisas desde el vientre, para embarazadas de un hogar materno

RESUMEN Introducción: el hogar materno es un lugar esencial para brindar educación para la salud y orientar a las futuras madres acerca de su salud bucal y la repercusión de esta en ella y su futuro bebé. Objetivo: diseñar un programa educativo de salud bucal para las embarazadas del Hogar Materno de Cabaiguán, en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa de intervención educativa realizada entre enero y marzo de 2020. La unidad de estudio estuvo constituida por 20 embarazadas ingresadas en el Hogar Materno de Cabaiguán. Resultados: se estructuró un programa para las futuras madres que aborda, en ocho sesiones educativas, el componente bucal de la salud enfocado en dos variantes: salud bucal de la embarazada y la del futuro bebé. Conclusiones: el programa puede ser aplicado en los hogares maternos, que constituyen espacios idóneos para el cumplimiento de las actividades propuestas, las cuales pueden contribuir a producir cambios significativos en los conocimientos sobre salud bucal en este grupo priorizado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: a maternal home is an essential place where health education should be provided and future mothers should be guided about their oral health and its repercussions on them and on their future baby. Objective: to design an educational oral health program for pregnant women at the Maternal Home of Cabaiguán, in the province of Sancti Spíritus. Materials and methods: qualitative research of educational intervention carried out between January and March 2020. The study unit consisted of 20 pregnant women admitted to the Maternal Home of Cabaiguán. Results: a program for future mothers that approaches the oral component of health focused on two variants: the oral health of the pregnant woman and the oral health of the future baby, was structured in eight educational sessions. Conclusions: the proposed program can be implemented in maternal homes, which are ideal spaces for fulfilling the proposed activities; it can contribute to significant changes in oral health knowledge in this prioritized group.

Post-COVID-19 syndrome, low-grade inflammation and inflammatory markers: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is a poorly known entity. An underlying chronic, low-grade inflammation (LGI) has been theorized as a pathophysiological mechanism. Available data on biomarkers in PCS show conflicting results. Our aim was to know whether subjects with PCS present higher levels of inflammatory markers, after a mild COVID-19. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study. Cases of mild COVID-19 in a community setting were included. We collected epidemiological data (age, sex, BMI, smoking, comorbidities), variables of the acute COVID-19 (duration, symptoms), and data at 3 months after the acute phase (symptoms and laboratory test). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels were analysed. LGI was defined as CRP >0.3 and <1.0 mg/dL. A subject was classified as PCS + if presented signs and symptoms >12 weeks after an infection consistent with COVID-19. Five composite indices (C1-C5) were developed, combining the upper ranges of biomarkers distributions. Multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: We analysed 121 mild COVID-19 cases (mean age = 45.7 years, 56.2% women). Among the acute symptoms, women presented a higher frequency of fatigue (54.4% vs 30.2%; p = .008). PCS affected 35.8% of women and 20.8% of men (p = .07), and the most reported symptoms were fatigue (42.8%), anosmia (40%), ageusia (22.8%), dyspnea (17.1%) and myalgia (11.4%). Neutrophil count, NLR, CRP and fibrinogen showed the best correlations with PCS and were selected to develop the indices. In women PCS+, C1, C3 and C4 indices were more frequently met, while in men PCS+, C2, C5 and CRP were in the range of LGI. Anosmia, ageusia and fatigue were related to higher neutrophil counts, with sex differences. Fibrinogen levels were higher in persistent myalgia (510 ± 82 mg/dL vs 394 ± 87; p = .013). In multivariable analysis, a woman with a neutrophil count above the median, or with fibrinogen level or NLR in the highest tertile, had a 4-5-fold increased risk of prevalent PCS. A man with CRP in the range of LGI, or fibrinogen level or a neutrophil count in the highest tertile, had a 10-17-fold increased risk of prevalent PCS. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained in the present cross-sectional study seems to demonstrate a consistent association between PCS and upper ranges of the neutrophil count, NLR, fibrinogen, and CRP in the LGI range. Furthermore, composite indices appear useful in detecting relationships between slight elevations of biomarkers and PCS, and our study identifies relevant sex differences in symptoms and markers regarding the PCS.

Avaliação da terceira etapa do método canguru na atenção primária a saúde / Evaluation of the third stage of the kangaroo method in primary health care / Evaluación de la tercera etapa del método canguro en atención primaria de salud

Objetivo: avaliar a assistência prestada às crianças pela Atenção Primária à Saúde na terceira etapa do método canguru. Métodos: estudo transversal com 156 crianças pré-termo no período de janeiro a junho de 2020. Utilizou-se questionário contendo variáveis sócio-demográficas, clínicas e relacionadas à assistência prestada. Resultados: Dentre as crianças: 54,5% tinham idade acima de seis meses; 51,9% eram do interior ou de outras localidades; 94,9% eram de baixa renda; 39,1% tiveram peso menor que 1500g; 62,2% e 12,2% nasceram com idade gestacional entre 28 a 33 semanas e inferior a 28 semanas, respectivamente. Quanto à assistência prestada: 74,4% das crianças não realizaram consultas na atenção primária e dentre as atendidas, 78,2% classificaram como ruim/regular; 59,6% não receberam visita domiciliar. Conclusão: a avaliação da terceira etapa do método canguru na atenção primária, sob o olhar de mães, apontou fragilidades na qualificação, integralidade da assistência, redesenho/discussão da rede, na referência e contra-referência.

Objective: to evaluate the assistance provided to children by Primary Health Care in the third stage of the kangaroo method. Methods: cross-sectional study with 156 preterm children from January to June 2020. A questionnaire was used containing socio-demographic, clinical and care-related variables. Results: Among the children: 54.5% were over six months old; 51.9% were from the countryside or other locations; 94.9% were low-income; 39.1% weighed less than 1500g; 62.2% and 12.2% were born with gestational age between 28 and 33 weeks and less than 28 weeks, respectively. As for the assistance provided: 74.4% of the children did not undergo consultations in primary care and among those attended, 78.2% classified it as poor/fair; 59.6% did not receive a home visit. Conclusion: the evaluation of the third stage of the kangaroo method in primary care, from the perspective of mothers, pointed out weaknesses in qualification, comprehensiveness of care, network redesign/discussion, in reference and counter-reference.

Objetivo: evaluar la asistencia brindada a los niños por la Atención Primaria de Salud en la tercera etapa del método canguro. Métodos: estudio transversal con 156 niños prematuros de enero a junio de 2020. Se utilizó un cuestionario con variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y asistenciales. Resultados: Entre los niños: 54,5% tenían más de seis meses; El 51,9% eran del campo u otras localidades; 94,9% eran de bajos ingresos; El 39,1% pesaba menos de 1500 g; El 62,2% y el 12,2% nacieron con edades gestacionales entre 28 y 33 semanas y menos de 28 semanas, respectivamente. En cuanto a la asistencia brindada: el 74,4% de los niños no acudió a consultas en atención primaria y entre los atendidos, el 78,2% la clasificó como mala / regular; El 59,6% no recibió visita domiciliaria. Conclusión: la evaluación de la tercera etapa del método canguro en atención primaria, desde la perspectiva de las madres, señaló debilidades en la calificación, integralidad de la atención, rediseño / discusión de la red, en referencia y contrarreferencia.

The atherogenic index of plasma is related to a degraded bone microarchitecture assessed by the trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women: The Camargo Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the trabecular bone score (TBS) in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, to analyze its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD), and serum concentrations of 25OHD, PTH, and bone turnover markers. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study nested in a population-based cohort of 1,367 postmenopausal women aged 44-94 years. Participants were classified according to TBS values (<1.230, between 1.230-1.310 and >1.310) and regarding a widely accepted cut-off point of ≥0.11 for AIP. We analyzed TBS, BMD, serum levels of 25OHD, PTH, P1NP, CTX, and clinical covariates. A multivariate analysis was performed to assess the adjusted association between AIP and TBS. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 63±10 years. Women with TBS values <1.230 were older, had greater BMI, greater prevalence of fractures after the age of 40 years, more years since menopause, higher values of AIP, and significantly lower levels of HDL-C, serum phosphate, and 25OHD. AIP values ≥0.11 were not associated with the presence of densitometric osteoporosis (OR=0.83, 95%CI 0.58-1.18; p = 0.30) but, in multivariate analysis, AIP values ≥0.11 were related to a degraded microarchitecture after controlling for age, BMI, smoking, diabetes status, ischemic heart disease, statin use, GFR, a fragility fracture at over 40 years of age and lumbar osteoporosis by DXA, with an adjusted OR=1.61 (95%CI 1.06-2.46; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: AIP is significantly and independently associated with a degraded bone microarchitecture as measured by TBS. In this sense, AIP might be a useful tool in the overall assessment of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women.

Knowledge and practice related to the pap smear test among cytopathologists

Cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer amongst women, compared to other neoplasms, with a higher potential for prevention, slow evolution, and has a simple and effective screening test in its detection, cure when diagnosed early. The routine examination in Brazil for the prevention of this type of cancer is the Pap smear test. This study aimed to reveal the knowledge and practice regarding the Pap smear test among cytopathologists. A descriptive and exploratory research, a qualitative approach, performed with 21 cytopathologists, by e-mailing a data collection instrument, from March to April 2018. Data were treated using the Hierarchical Descending Classification in IraMuTeQ software and analyzed by the Discourse of the Collective Subject. The construction of the results was carried out based on aspects of the knowledge of the cytopathologists about the Pap smear, related to the importance of the completion of the post-graduation for its accomplishment, and aspects of cytopathologists practice regarding the relevance of performing the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. We conclude on the need to reorganize the activities in the work process of the health professionals involved in the Pap smear.

Interplay between Podoplanin, CD44s and CD44v in Squamous Carcinoma Cells.

Podoplanin and CD44 are transmembrane glycoproteins involved in inflammation and cancer. In this paper, we report that podoplanin is coordinately expressed with the CD44 standard (CD44s) and variant (CD44v) isoforms in vivo-in hyperplastic skin after a pro-inflammatory stimulus with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-and in vitro-in cell lines representative of different stages of mouse-skin chemical carcinogenesis, as well as in human squamous carcinoma cell (SCC) lines. Moreover, we identify CD44v10 in the mouse-skin carcinogenesis model as the only CD44 variant isoform expressed in highly aggressive spindle carcinoma cell lines together with CD44s and podoplanin. We also characterized CD44v3-10, CD44v6-10 and CD44v8-10 as the major variant isoforms co-expressed with CD44s and podoplanin in human SCC cell lines. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy experiments show that these CD44v isoforms colocalize with podoplanin at plasma membrane protrusions and cell-cell contacts of SCC cells, as previously reported for CD44s. Furthermore, CD44v isoforms colocalize with podoplanin in chemically induced mouse-skin SCCs in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that podoplanin physically binds to CD44v3-10, CD44v6-10 and CD44v8-10 isoforms, as well as to CD44s. Podoplanin-CD44 interaction is mediated by the transmembrane and cytosolic regions and is negatively modulated by glycosylation of the extracellular domain. These results point to a functional interplay of podoplanin with both CD44v and CD44s isoforms in SCCs and give insight into the regulation of the podoplanin-CD44 association.

Acutely altered mental status as the main clinical presentation of multiple strokes in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cerebral infarction in COVID-19 patients might be associated with a hypercoagulable state related to a systemic inflammatory response. Its diagnosis might be challenging. We present two critically ill patients with COVID-19 who presented acutely altered mental status as the main manifestation of multiple strokes. METHODS: Clinical presentation and diagnostic work-up of the patients. RESULTS: Two patients in their sixties were hospitalized with a bilateral pneumonia COVID-19. They developed respiratory failure and were admitted to ICU for mechanical ventilation and intense medical treatment. They were started on low-molecular-weight heparin since admission. Their laboratory results showed lymphopenia and increased levels of C-reactive protein and D-dimer. Case 1 developed hypofibrinogenemia and presented several cutaneous lesions with biopsy features of thrombotic vasculopathy. Case 2 was performed a CT pulmonary angiogram at ICU showing a bilateral pulmonary embolism. When waking up, both patients were conscious but with a remarkable global altered mental status without focal neurological deficits. A brain MRI revealed multiple acute bilateral ischemic lesions with areas of hemorrhagic transformation in both patients (case 1: affecting the left frontal and temporal lobes and both occipital lobes; case 2: affecting both frontal and left occipital lobes). Cardioembolic source and acquired antiphospholipid syndrome were ruled out. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy was suspected as the possible main etiology of the strokes. CONCLUSION: Acutely altered mental status might be the main manifestation of multiple brain infarctions in critically ill COVID-19 patients. It should be specially considered in those with suspected COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Full-dose anticoagulation and clinical-radiological monitoring might reduce their neurological consequences.

Assessing the impact on intestinal microbiome and clinical outcomes of antibiotherapy optimisation strategies in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: study protocol for the prospective multicentre OptimBioma study.

INTRODUCTION: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a life-saving treatment for a number of haematological diseases. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is its main complication and hampers survival. There is strong evidence that intestinal microbiota diversity of the recipient may increase the risk of GVHD worsening survival. Antibiotic regimens used during the early phase of the transplant may influence clinical outcomes by reducing intestinal microbiota diversity. Present guidelines of European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia exhort to optimising antibiotic use in haematological patients including HSCT recipients. The present study aims to investigate if, in HSCT recipients, the optimisation of antibacterial use may preserve intestinal microbiota composition reducing the incidence and severity of acute GVHD and improving relevant clinical outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a prospective longitudinal observational study of two cohorts of HSCT recipients: (1) the intervention cohort includes patients treated in centres in which a predefined strategy of antibiotherapy optimisation is implemented, with the objective of optimising and reducing antibiotic administration according to clinical criteria and (2) the control cohort includes patients treated in centres in which a classic permissive strategy of antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment is used. Adult patient receiving a first HSCT as a treatment for any haematological condition are included. Clinical variables are prospectively recorded and up to five faecal samples are collected for microbiota characterisation at prestablished peritransplant time points. Patients are followed since the preconditioning phase throughout 1-year post-transplant and four follow-up visits are scheduled. Faecal microbiota composition and diversity will be compared between both cohorts along with acute GVHD incidence and severity, severe infections rate, mortality and overall and disease-free survival. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was approved between 2017 and 2018 by the Ethical Committees of participant centres. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03727113.

Validação de álbum seriado para enfermeiros da atenção básica sobre violência doméstica contra a mulher / Validación de álbum seriado para enfermeros de atención primaria sobre violencia doméstica contra la mujer / Validation of a serial album on domestic violence against women for primary care nurses

RESUMO Objetivo: validar o conteúdo e a aparência de um álbum seriado para enfermeiros da atenção básica sobre violência doméstica contra a mulher. Método: estudo metodológico, de validação de aparência e conteúdo, desenvolvido em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, no ano de 2018. Coletou-se os dados pelo envio dos instrumentos de avaliação via e-mail para especialistas selecionados na Plataforma Lattes. Na análise utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo com valor estabelecido de 0,78. Resultados: participaram 15 especialistas, com experiência em tecnologias educativas e/ou violência contra mulher, a maioria com doutorado e graduado em enfermagem. Quanto à estrutura e apresentação, objetivos e relevância, todos os itens foram considerados validados pelos especialistas. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global da tecnologia educativa foi 0,93. Conclusão: o álbum seriado foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e aparência, sugerindo que esta tecnologia educativa possibilita ações de educação em saúde realizadas por enfermeiros da Atenção Básica.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: validar el contenido y la apariencia de un álbum seriado para los enfermeros de atención primaria sobre violencia doméstica contra la mujer. Método: estudio metodológico, para validación de apariencia y contenido, desarrollado en Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, en el año 2018. La recolección de datos se realizó a través del envío de los instrumentos de evaluación a los especialistas seleccionados en la Plataforma Lattes, por vía de correo electrónico. El valor del índice de validez de contenido establecido para el análisis fue de 0,78. Resultados: participaron 15 especialistas, con experiencia en tecnologías educativas y / o violencia contra las mujeres, la mayoría, con doctorados o graduados en enfermería o En cuanto a los ítems estructura, presentación, objetivos y relevancia, todos se consideraron validados por los expertos. El índice de validez de contenido global para la tecnología educativa fue de 0,93. Conclusión: el álbum seriado fue validado en términos de contenido y apariencia, lo que sugiere que esta tecnología educativa permite acciones de educación en salud realizadas por enfermeros de atención primaria.

ABSTRACT Objective: to validate the content and appearance of a serial album on domestic violence against women for primary care nurses. Method: a methodological study, of appearance and content validation, developed in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, in 2018. The data were collected by sending the evaluation instruments via e-mail to selected specialists on the Lattes Platform. In the analysis, the Content Validity Index was used with an established value of 0.78. Results: 15 specialists participated, with experience in educational technologies and/or violence against women, most of them have doctorates and nursing degrees. Regarding structure and presentation, objectives and relevance, all items were considered validated by experts. The global Content Validity Index of the educational technology was 0.93. Conclusion: The serial album has been validated for content and appearance, suggesting that this educational technology enables health education actions performed by nurses of Basic Care.

Validação de programa eletrônico para seguimento do recém-nascido com sífilis congênita / Validación de un programa electrónico para el seguimiento de recién nacidos con sífilis congénita / Validation of an electronic tool for monitoring newborns with congenital syphilis

RESUMO Objetivo: validar o conteúdo e a aparência de um programa eletrônico para seguimento clínico do recém-nascido com sífilis congênita. Método: estudo metodológico, de validação de aparência e conteúdo. Os dados foram coletados de junho a agosto de 2018 com instrumentos de avaliação para validação por sete especialistas médicos docentes de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, com experiência em pediatria e/ou infectologia, com tempo de formação superior a 16 anos. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo com valor estabelecido de 0,78. Resultados: quanto à estrutura e apresentação, objetivos e relevância, todos os itens foram considerados validados pelos especialistas. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global foi 0,97. Conclusão: o programa eletrônico foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e aparência, tendo como contribuição, aos enfermeiros e médicos da Atenção Básica, a produção de uma ferramenta de fácil utilização para o efetivo seguimento clínico ao recém-nascido com sífilis congênita.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: validar el contenido y la apariencia de un programa electrónico para el seguimiento clínico del recién nacido con sífilis congénita. Método: Estudio metodológico, validación de apariencia y contenido. Los datos fueron recopilados de junio a agosto de 2018 con instrumentos de evaluación para su validación por parte de siete especialistas médicos del cuerpo docente de una institución de enseñanza superior, con experiencia en pediatría y/o infectología, con un período de formación de más de 16 años. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el Índice de Validez de Contenido con un valor establecido de 0,78. Resultados: en lo que respecta a la estructura y presentación, los objetivos y la relevancia, todos los ítems fueron considerados validados por parte de los especialistas. El Índice de Validez de Contenido global fue de 0,97. Conclusión: el programa electrónico fue validado en cuanto a su contenido y apariencia, en el cual contribuyeron enfermeros y médicos del área de Atención Básica y la producción de una herramienta de fácil utilización para un efectivo seguimiento clínico del recién nacido con sífilis congénita.

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the content and appearance of an electronic tool for the monitoring of newborns with congenital syphilis. Method: Methodological study of validation of content and appearance. Data were collected from June to August 2018 with the use of assessment instruments for validation by seven medical specialists who teach at a higher education institution, with experience in pediatrics and/or infectious diseases, and who have completed their undergraduate courses more than 16 years ago. Content Validity Index with an established value of 0.78 was used. Results: Regarding structure and presentation, objectives and relevance, all items were considered validated by the experts. The global Content Validity Index was 0.97. Conclusion: The electronic tool was validated for content and appearance, and its contribution to nurses and doctors in primary care was the production of an easy-to-use tool for effective clinical monitoring of infants with congenital syphilis.

Associação entre aleitamento materno e excesso de peso em pré-escolares / Relación entre la lactancia materna y el exceso de peso en niños preescolares / Association between breastfeeding and overweight in preschoolers

Resumo Objetivo Analisar associação entre aleitamento materno e excesso de peso em pré-escolares. Métodos Estudo transversal com 448 pré-escolares de 10 Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil do município de Teresina-PI. Realizou-se reunião com os pais, momento em que foi aplicado o questionário estruturado com questões relativas aos dados sociodemográficos e alimentação pregressa das crianças. Posteriormente, foram obtidas as medidas antropométricas das crianças (peso e altura). Foi considerado excesso de peso (sobrepeso + obesidade) quando o resultado do escore-z foi maior que ou igual a +2, e os menores que +2 foram classificados como sem excesso de peso. A análise da associação entre o aleitamento materno exclusivo até seis meses, aleitamento exclusivo até quatro meses e o aleitamento materno com o estado nutricional da criança foi feita utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (c2), enquanto a razão de prevalência (RP) foi estimada para quantificar as associações entre o aleitamento materno e o estado nutricional controlado pelas variáveis sociodemográficas. Todas as estimativas e os intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados utilizando o modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados A prevalência do excesso de peso e a proporção das crianças que receberam o aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses de idade foi de 11,16% e 41,9%, respectivamente. O excesso de peso foi 2,5 vezes mais elevado entre as crianças não amamentadas (IC 95%: 1,09; 5,83); e, após o controle das variáveis sociodemográficas, verificou-se que as crianças maiores de 48 meses tiveram risco elevado para o excesso de peso (RP: 1,69; IC 95%: 1,01; 2,85) em relação aos menores de 48 meses de idade (p = 0,04). Conclusão O presente estudo demonstrou que as crianças que receberam aleitamento materno foram protegidas contra o excesso de peso.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la elación entre la lactancia materna y el exceso de peso en niños preescolares. Métodos Estudio transversal con 448 niños preescolares de 10 Centros Municipales de Educación Infantil del municipio de Teresina, estado de Piauí. Se realizó una reunión con los padres, momento en que se aplicó el cuestionario estructurado con preguntas relativas a datos sociodemográficos y alimentación anterior de los niños. Posteriormente, se obtuvieron las medidas antropométricas de los niños (peso y estatura). Se consideró exceso de peso (sobrepeso + obesidad) cuando el resultado de la puntuación z fue mayor o igual a +2; y los menores a +2 se clasificaron como sin exceso de peso. El análisis de la relación entre lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los seis meses, lactancia exclusiva hasta los cuatro meses y lactancia materna con el estado nutricional del niño se realizó mediante la prueba c2 de Pearson . Para cuantificar las relaciones entre la lactancia materna y el estado nutricional controlado por las variables sociodemográficas se calculó la a razón de prevalencia (RP). Todas las estimaciones y los intervalos de confianza de 95% se calcularon utilizando el modelo de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados La prevalencia del exceso de peso y la proporción de los niños que recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses de edad fue de 11,16% y 41,9%, respectivamente. El exceso de peso fue 2,5 veces más elevado en niños no amamantados (IC 95%: 1,09; 5,83). Luego del control de las variables sociodemográficas, se verificó que los niños mayores de 48 meses tuvieron un riesgo elevado de exceso de peso (RP: 1,69; IC 95%: 1,01; 2,85) con relación a los menores de 48 meses de edad (p = 0,04). Conclusión El presente estudio demostró que los niños que recibieron lactancia materna fueron protegidos contra el exceso de peso.

Abstract Objective To analyze association between breastfeeding and overweight in preschoolers. Methods A cross-sectional study with 448 preschoolers from 10 Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education in the city of Teresina, state of Piauí. A meeting was held with the parents, at which time the structured questionnaire with questions related to sociodemographic data and past feeding of the children was applied. Subsequently, the anthropometric measurements of the children (weight and height). Overweight (overweight + obesity) was considered when the z-score result was greater than or equal to +2. Children younger than +2 were classified as not overweight. The association between exclusive breastfeeding up to six months, exclusive breastfeeding up to four months and breastfeeding with the child's nutritional status was analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test (c2), while the prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated to quantify the associations between breastfeeding and nutritional status controlled by sociodemographic variables. All estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the robust variance Poisson regression model. Results The prevalence of overweight and the proportion of children who received exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age were 11.16% and 41.9%, respectively. Overweight was 2.5 times higher among non-breastfed children (95% CI: 1.09; 5.83). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, it was found that children older than 48 months were at high risk for overweight (PR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.01; 2.85) compared to children younger than 48 months. months old (p = 0.04). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that breastfed newborns were protected against overweight.

Primary Health Care professionals' knowledge about initial care for burn victims / Conocimiento de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud sobre la atención inicial al quemado / Conhecimento dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre o atendimento inicial ao queimado

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess Primary Health Care physicians and nurses' knowledge about initial care for burn patients. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 71 professionals between February 19 and March 30, 2018. A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge through the correct answers obtained in the tool; Mann-Whitney test to compare professionals' level of knowledge; and logistic regression to investigate the association with other variables. Results: there was an overall wrong answer rate of 40.27% in a tool applied to the subject in relation to physicians and 45.59% of nurses, with no statistically significant difference among them (p=0.27). There was a positive association between level of knowledge and length of practice in Primary Health Care (p=0.043). 29.19% of physicians and 14.89% of nurses knew the Ministry of Health's flowchart for initial care for burn victims. Conclusions: professionals had a low level of knowledge associated with their time in Primary Health Care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar el conocimiento de médicos y enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de Salud sobre atención inicial al paciente quemado. Métodos: investigación descriptiva, transversal con 71 profesionales en el período entre 19 de febrero y 30 de marzo de 2018. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado para evaluar el conocimiento por medio de los aciertos obtenidos en el instrumento y la prueba de Mann-Whitney para comparar el nivel de conocimiento de los profesionales y regresión logística para investigar la asociación con las demás variables. Resultados: se observó índice general de errores en el instrumento aplicado sobre el tema del 40,27% en relación a los médicos y el 45,59% de los enfermeros, sin haber diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ellos (p=0,27). Se verificó asociación positiva entre nivel de conocimiento y tiempo de actuación en la Atención Primaria de Salud (p=0,043). El 29,19% de los médicos y el 14,89% de los enfermeros conocían el diagrama de flujo para atención inicial al quemado del Ministerio de Salud. Conclusiones: Los profesionales presentaron bajo nivel de conocimiento y éste se mostró asociado al tiempo de actuación en la Atención Primaria de Salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o conhecimento de médicos e enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre atendimento inicial ao paciente queimado. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, transversal com 71 profissionais, entre 19 de fevereiro e 30 de março de 2018. Utilizou-se questionário validado para avaliar o conhecimento por meio dos acertos obtidos no instrumento; teste de Mann-Whitney para comparar o nível de conhecimento dos profissionais; regressão logística para investigar a associação com as demais variáveis. Resultados: observou-se índice geral de erros no instrumento aplicado sobre o tema de 40,27% em relação aos médicos e 45,59% dos enfermeiros, sem haver diferença estatisticamente significante entre eles (p=0,27). Verificou-se associação positiva entre nível de conhecimento e tempo de atuação na Atenção Primária à Saúde (p=0,043). 29,19% dos médicos e 14,89% dos enfermeiros conheciam o fluxograma para atendimento inicial ao queimado do Ministério da Saúde. Conclusões: os profissionais apresentaram baixo nível de conhecimento associado ao tempo de atuação na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of microcephaly in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil, 2015-20166 / Aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da microcefalia no Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, 2015-2016

Abstract Objectives: To describe aspects of the microcephaly epidemic in the state of Piauí. Methods: All cases of congenital microcephaly confirmed in the state between 2015 and 2016 were included (n = 100). Investigation forms of the Regional Reference Center for Microcephaly were reviewed. Discarded cases (n = 63) were used as a comparison group. Results: In October, November, and December 2015 incidence rates reached 4.46, 6.33 and 3.86/1000 live births, respectively; 44 cases were reported in the state capital. Among the mothers of confirmed and discarded cases, the frequency of skin rash during pregnancy was 50/97 (51.5%) and 8/51 (15.7%), respectively (p < 0.001); 33 confirmed cases (35.9%) had a head circumference z-score between −2 and −3, 23 (25%) between −3 and −4, and 8 (8.7%) had a z-score of less than −4. Head computer tomography scans revealed calcifications in 78/95 (82.1%) cases. Lissencephaly, hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus callosum were also frequently observed. Ophthalmic findings included retinal pigment epithelium rarefaction and atrophy. Absence of otoacoustic emissions was observed in 21/70 cases. One newborn also presented lower limb muscle atrophy. There were no significant differences in vaccination rates for influenza, diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis, and hepatitis B in either group. Conclusions: The state of Piauí, like others in the northeastern region, faced an epidemic of congenital microcephaly between 2015 and 2016, presumably related to congenital Zika virus infection, more intense in the capital. Current challenges include the improvement of vector control, basic research, scaling-up of diagnostic tools for pre-natal screening of Zika virus, vaccines, and health care for affected children.

Resumo Objetivos: Descrever os aspectos da epidemia de microcefalia no Estado do Piauí. Métodos: Foram incluídos todos os casos de microcefalia congênita confirmados no estado entre 2015-2016 (n = 100). Os formulários de investigação do Centro Regional de Referência em Microcefalia foram analisados. Os casos descartados (n = 63) foram usados como grupo de comparação. Resultados: Em outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2015, as taxas de incidência atingiram 4,46, 6,33 e 3,86/1.000 nascidos vivos, respectivamente; 44 casos foram relatados na capital do estado. Entre as mães de casos confirmados e descartados, a frequência de erupção cutânea durante a gravidez foi 50/97 (51,5%) e 8/51 (15,7%), respectivamente (p < 0,001); 33 casos confirmados (35,9%) apresentaram um escore z de perímetro cefálico entre -2 e -3, 23 (25%) entre -3 e -4 e 8 (8,7%) apresentaram escore z inferior a -4. As tomografias computadorizadas cerebrais revelaram calcificações em 78/95 (82,1%) dos casos. Lisencefalia, hidrocefalia e agenesia do corpo caloso também foram observadas com mais frequência. Os achados oftalmológicos incluíram rarefação e atrofia do epitélio pigmentar da retina. Foram observadas ausência de emissões otoacústicas em 21/70 casos. Um recém-nascido também apresentou atrofia muscular dos membros inferiores. Não houve diferenças significativas nas taxas de vacinação para gripe, vacina difteria tétano e coqueluche acelular e hepatite B em qualquer grupo. Conclusões: O Estado do Piauí, como outros na região Nordeste, enfrentou, entre 2015 e 2016, uma epidemia de microcefalia congênita, supostamente relacionada à infecção congênita pelo vírus Zika, mais intensa na capital. Os desafios atuais incluem melhora do controle de vetores, pesquisa básica, ampliação de ferramentas de diagnóstico para exame pré-natal do vírus Zika, vacinas e cuidados de saúde para crianças afetadas.

[Uncommon mycoses]. / Micosis infrecuentes.

BACKGROUND: Fungal infections should be suspected in severe wounds that have been contaminated with organic material or soil, even when the patient is immunocompetent. The aim of this article is to contribute to a better understanding and knowledge of the antifungal sensitivity and epidemiology of some rare pathogens that may trigger severe infections. CASE REPORT: Four different moulds were isolated from the wounds of an immunocompetent woman who was involved in a road accident: Lichtheimia corymbifera, Scedosporium boydii, Fusarium solani and Purpureocillium lilacinum. Some of them were isolated from different sites. A profile of in vitro resistance was performed with an Epsilometer (Etest™) using five antifungal agents: voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, anidulafungin an amphotericin B. The results obtained were consistent with those from other cases reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Early aggressive surgery, antifungal therapy and, above all, frequent debridement of necrotic tissue, are the tools against filamentous fungi infections. Antifungal sensitivity of any mould involved in an infection has to be determined, in order to a better understanding of these rare pathogens whose incidence is increasing.

Knowledge of healthcare professionals about breastfeeding and supplementary feeding / Conocimiento sobre lactancia materna y la alimentación complementaria de los profesionales de la salud / Conhecimento sobre aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar dos profissionais de saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the knowledge of breastfeeding (BF) and supplementary feeding (SF) of professionals in the Primary Health Care. Method: Cross-sectional study, with 168 professionals, conducted between June and September 2016. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare means of percentage of knowledge about BF and SF, by professional category and contingency testing, for association between variables. Results: From the total of professionals, 39.29% of them demonstrated good knowledge about BF and 2.38% about SF; 74.4% of respondents reported not knowing the program Brazilian Breastfeeding and Feeding Strategy (EAAB - Estratégia Amamenta e Alimenta Brasil). There was a positive association between professionals' level of knowledge about BF and education (p=0.04), occupation (p=0.05) and healthcare in BF (p=0.04). Regarding the level of knowledge about SF, there was association between education (p<0.01) and healthcare in SF (p=0.04). Conclusion: The professionals have greater knowledge about breastfeeding when compared to supplementary feeding.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento sobre la lactancia materna (LM) y la alimentación complementaria (AC) de los profesionales de la atención primaria. Método: estudio transversal, con 168 profesionales, realizado entre junio y septiembre de 2016. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis para la comparación entre los promedios del porcentaje del conocimiento sobre LM y AC, por categoría profesional, y la prueba de contingencia, para asociación entre las variables. Resultados: el 39,29% de los profesionales demostraron buen conocimiento sobre LM y el 2,38%, sobre AC; el 74,4% de los entrevistados revelaron que no conocían el programa Estratégia Amamenta y Alimenta. La asociación fue positiva entre el nivel de conocimiento de los profesionales en LM y escolaridad (p=0,04), profesión (p=0,05) y asistencia en LM (p=0,04). En cuanto al nivel de conocimiento en AC, hubo asociación con escolaridad (p<0,01) y asistencia en AC (p=0,04). Conclusión: Los profesionales tienen mayor conocimiento sobre la lactancia materna cuando se compara al conocimiento en alimentación complementaria.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento sobre aleitamento materno (AM) e alimentação complementar (AC) de profissionais da atenção primária. Método: Estudo transversal, com 168 profissionais, realizado entre junho e setembro de 2016. Utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal Wallis para comparação entre as médias do percentual do conhecimento sobre AM e AC, por categoria profissional, e o teste de contingência, para associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: 39,29% dos profissionais demonstraram bom conhecimento sobre AM e 2,38%, sobre AC; 74,4% dos entrevistados revelaram que não conheciam o programa Estratégia Amamenta e Alimenta. Houve associação positiva entre nível de conhecimento dos profissionais em AM e escolaridade (p = 0,04), profissão (p = 0,05) e assistência em AM (p = 0,04). Quanto ao nível de conhecimento em AC, houve associação com escolaridade (p < 0,01) e assistência em AC (p = 0,04). Conclusão: Os profissionais têm maior conhecimento sobre aleitamento materno quando comparado ao conhecimento em alimentação complementar.

A clinical trial comparing propofol versus propofol plus midazolam in diagnostic endoscopy of patients with a low anesthetic risk.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: propofol and midazolam are two of the most commonly used sedatives in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE). The objective of this study was to evaluate these two sedation regimens administered to patients who underwent an UGE with regard to security, efficiency, quality of exploration and patient response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: a prospective, randomized and double-blind study was performed which included 83 patients between 18 and 80 years of age of a low anesthetic risk (ASA - American Society of Anesthesiologists- I-II) who underwent a diagnostic UGE. Patients were randomized to receive sedation with either placebo plus propofol (group A) or midazolam plus propofol (group B). RESULTS: in group A, 42 patients received a placebo bolus (saline solution) and on average up to 115 mg of propofol in boluses of 20 mg. In group B, 41 patients received 3 mg of midazolam and an average of up to 83 mg of propofol in boluses of 20 mg. There were no significant differences in the adverse effects observed in either group and all adverse events were treated conservatively. The patients in group B (midazolam plus propofol) entered the desired sedated state more quickly with no variation in the overall time of the exploration. The quality of the endoscopic evaluation was similar in both groups and the patients were equally satisfied regardless of the sedatives they received. CONCLUSIONS: the use of midazolam plus propofol as a sedative does not affect the overall exploration time, a lower dose of propofol can be used and it is as safe as administering propofol as a monotherapy while providing the same level of both exploration quality and patient approval.

Early transition to oral antibiotics for treatment of perforated appendicitis in pediatric patients: Confirmation of the safety and efficacy of a growing national trend.

PURPOSE: We performed a quality improvement initiative to monitor the change in protocol from purely intravenous therapy for perforated appendicitis to oral antibiotics at discharge once patients could tolerate eating. METHODS: Standardized prospective data were gathered on all children with perforated appendicitis treated under the new oral protocol from January 1 to December 31, 2014. Retrospective data through chart review were gathered on all children treated for perforated appendicitis during 2013. We compared demographics, clinical parameters, and hospital charges. RESULTS: Comparing 115 patients in 2013 and 144 in 2014, demographics and clinical characteristics were similar. In 2014, 95% of patients were discharged on oral therapy. Compared to the intravenous group, the enteric group had statistically lower rates of repeat ultrasound imaging (49.6% vs 35.1%) and PICC placement (98.3% vs 9.1%) and similar rates of intraabdominal abscess (20.9% vs 16.0%) and antibiotic change (26.1% vs 22.2%). In 2014, 55% of patients were discharged by postoperative day 5, compared to 33% in 2013. Total antibiotic days and readmission rate were similar, while hospital charges decreased by half. CONCLUSION: Our results reaffirm that transition to oral antibiotics is safe, effective, and cost-efficient in treatment of perforated appendicitis in the child.