Erratum: Trends of renal diseases in Germany: review of a regional renal biopsy database from 1990 to 2013.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfz023.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfz023.].

Trends of renal diseases in Germany: review of a regional renal biopsy database from 1990 to 2013.

BACKGROUND: Several renal biopsy registries in Europe have shown geographical and temporal variations in the patterns of renal diseases. However, there is a lack of current data on trends of renal disease in Central Europe. METHODS: After exclusion of transplant and re-biopsies, the renal biopsy registry of the German RWTH Aachen University Hospital included data of 1208 biopsies over a period of 24 years (1990-2013). Trends in the biopsy rate and diagnosis of glomerular diseases were analysed. RESULTS: The average annual biopsy incidence was 6.1 biopsies per 100 000 population. The frequency of kidney biopsies increased significantly over the years (P < 0.001). Primary glomerulonephritis (GN) accounted for nearly two-thirds (58.4%) of all native kidney biopsies, and immunoglobulin A-nephropathy (IgAN) was the leading histological diagnosis (34.7%) followed by necrotizing GN (RPGN) at 18.7%. IgAN increased 2-fold over the study periods (+195%, P < 0.001). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis accounted for 6.1% of all diagnoses, and its frequency rose to 3.9-fold (+388%, P < 0.001). Lupus nephritis showed a doubling in incidence (P = 0.0499), while acute tubular necrosis decreased to 3.5-fold (P = 0.0008). All other disease entities failed to exhibit linear trends over time. In children, the most common pathologies were IgAN (26.1%) and minimal change disease (21.7%), whereas RPGN (19.4%) dominated in the group of patients >60 years. CONCLUSION: IgAN was the most common primary glomerular disease in our centre and its prevalence increased over 24 years.

[Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis--a rare cause of bilateral extensive pulmonary infiltrates]. / Pulmonale alveoläre Mikrolithiasis--eine seltene Ursache bilateraler ausgedehnter pulmonaler Infiltrate.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disease, which is characterized by pulmonary deposition of calcium phosphate microliths. The radiographic features can be pathognomonic with a "sandstorm"-like opacification throughout the lungs. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old Moroccan presented for the first time 1988 with atypical chest pain. His history was characterized by nephrocalcinosis and pulmonary disease. Physical examination and laboratory values were unremarkable. Chest X-ray revealed extensive bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with "sandstorm"-like opacifications. Sonography showed medullary nephrocalcinosis. The diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis was confirmed by transbronchial biopsy. Over the next 13 years there was only a moderate expansion of the pulmonary infiltrates and a beginning restrictive pattern, whereas the patient was almost symptom-free. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare cause of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. In some cases there is also an association with calcifications of extrapulmonary organs.