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1.
Actual. nutr ; 23(3): 146-156, jul 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1418121

RESUMO

Introducción: el sodio (Na) es un elemento abundante en la naturaleza y presente en el agua y en los alimentos que consumimos. El consumo excesivo de Na que, mayormente, proviene de alimentos procesados, es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de hipertensión arterial y de enfermedad cardiovascular. En Argentina, el consumo de Na duplica el consumo máximo recomendado de 2000 mg/día. Objetivo: evaluar el contenido de Na de alimentos del mercado argentino y comparar dichos valores con los declarados en los rótulos nutricionales. Materiales y métodos: se seleccionaron 97 productos de diversas categorías (fiambres, quesos, bebidas analcohólicas, galletitas). La concentración de Na se midió por espectroscopía de emisión y se expresó en mg Na/100 g/mL. Resultados: el contenido declarado de Na para los alimentos analizados fue de 630 [10-1833] (mediana [rango]), mientras que el Na medido fue de 645 [6.9-3278]; para las bebidas analcohólicas el Na declarado fue 14 [0-46] y el Na medido 3.7 [0.8-36]. Se halló diferencia significativa entre los valores de Na declarados y medidos en fiambres y bebidas analcohólicas (test de Wilcoxon, p<0.05). Un 41% del valor medido de Na en los alimentos analizados está dentro de la tolerancia ± 20% que exige el Código Alimentario Argentino y un 92% de las bebidas analcohólicas tienen un valor medido menor a dicho intervalo. Conclusiones: los valores declarados y medidos son diferentes para las categorías de fiambres y bebidas analcohólicas, lo que impediría una correcta estimación de la ingesta de Na a partir de estos alimentos


Introduction: sodium (Na) is an element abundant in nature and present in the water and food. The excessive consumption of Na, which mainly comes from processed foods, is a risk factor for the development of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. In Argentina, Na consumption doubles the maximum recommended consumption of 2000 mg/day. Objective: to evaluate the Na content of foods in the Argentine market and to compare the values of these with those declared in the nutritional labels. Materials and Methods: 97 products were selected from various categories (cold cuts, cheeses, sweetened beverages, cookies). The Na concentration was measured by emission spectroscopy and was expressed in mg Na/100 g/mL. Results: The median and range of the declared Na was for the foods analyzed was 630 [10-1833] (median [range]), while the measured Na was 645 [6.9-3278]; for non-alcoholic beverages, declared Na was 14 [0-46] and measured Na was 3.7 [0.8-36]. A significant difference was found between the Na values declared and measured in cold cuts and sweetened beverages (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05). Forty one percent of the measured value of Na in the foods analyzed are within the tolerance ± 20% required by The Argentine Food Code and 92% of the non-alcoholic beverages have a measured value lower than said interval. Conclusions: the declared and measured values are different for the categories of cold cuts and non-alcoholic beverages, which would prevent a correct estimation of the Na intake from these foods


Assuntos
Humanos , Composição de Alimentos , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Argentina , Sais , Bebidas
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35895945

RESUMO

The use of fluoride (F) for therapeutic purposes is controversial and its toxicity is a health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of F on endochondral ossification in growing rats. Twenty-four rats of 21 days were divided into 4 groups which received 0, 20, 40 or 80 µmol F/100 g body weight/day for 30 days, through an orogastric tube. Histological evaluation of growth plate cartilage (GPC) and primary and secondary bone were analyzed on sections of the metaphysis of tibias. Total thickness of the GPC (GPC.Th), thickness of resting zone (RZ.Th), proliferative zone (PZ.Th) and hypertrophic zone (HZ.Th); bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and apoptosis by the TUNEL were measured. A hyperplasia of the proliferative zone and a significant increase in PZ.Th with 40 and 80 µmol F without changes in GPC.Th were found. In the secondary trabecular bone, presence of immature trabeculae, peritrabecular inflammatory foci and sinusoidal dilatation were observed. A significant decrease in BV/TV was also found due to a decrease in Tb.Th and a progressive increase was observed in the number of apoptotic nuclei as the dose of F increased. In conclusion, results suggest that prolonged administration (30 days) of F negatively affect the endochondral ossification with increased chondrocyte proliferation and delayed maturity of new bone, causing inflammatory damage, edema, and increased apoptotic bone cells.

3.
Actual. osteol ; 17(2): 69-77, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1370075

RESUMO

El calcio (Ca) es un nutriente crítico para la salud, especialmente en los períodos de crecimiento. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los individuos argentinos no alcanzan la ingesta diaria recomendada. Por su parte, el fósforo (P) es un nutriente cuya ingesta suele estar por encima de la recomendada. Este tipo de desequilibrio en la ingesta de ambos nutrientes conlleva a una pérdida de masa ósea. El consumo de bebidas analcohólicas (BA) se ha incrementado en los últimos años, sobre todo en la población infantil, desplazando el consumo de agua y lácteos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar el aporte de Ca y P a partir de BA diferentes de agua. Se evaluaron 59 muestras, cuya mediana y rango de Ca fue de 7,74 [0,00 a 111,29] mg/l y de P 55,17 [0,16 a 957,00] mg/l. Los jugos en polvo son los que mayor contenido de Ca presentaron y las bebidas deportivas aquellas donde se halló el mayor contenido de P. Considerando un consumo de 500 ml/día de BA se estarían incorporando 3,87 mg Ca y 27,59 mg P. El creciente consumo de BA, su bajo contenido de Ca y la concomitante reducción del consumo de lácteos contribuyen a una inadecuada ingesta de Ca. (AU)


Calcium (Ca) is a critical nutrient, especially during periods of growth. However, the majority of Argentine individuals do not reach the recommended daily intake. On the other hand, phosphorus (P) is a nutrient with an intake usually above the recommended values. This type of imbalance between the intake of the nutrients leads to loss of bone mass. Soft drinks consumption (BA) has increased in recent years, especially in children, displacing the consumption of water and dairy products. The aim of this work was to estimate the Ca and P content in BA other than water. 59 samples were evaluated, with a median and range of Ca of 7.74 [0.00 to 111.29] mg/l and of P of 55.17 [0.16 to 957.00] mg/l. Powdered juices are the ones with the highest Ca content, and sports drinks are the beverages in which the highest P content was found. Based on a BA consumption of 500 ml/day, 3.87 mg Ca and 27.59 mg P would be incorporated. Therefore, the increased consumption of BA, their low Ca content, and the concomitant reduction in dairy consumption contribute to an inadequate intake of Ca. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Fosfatos/análise , Bebidas Gaseificadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Cálcio/análise , Sucos , Argentina , Controle de Qualidade , Cálcio da Dieta , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento , Recomendações Nutricionais
4.
Actual. osteol ; 15(3): 205-213, Sept-Dic. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1104336

RESUMO

The dental caries is a progressive destruction of the teeth tissue due to the disbalance in the normal molecule interactions between the enamel and the bio!lm, which alters the demineralization-remineralization process. Milk fermentation produces caseinphosphopeptides with proved remineralizing capacity of the enamel. The presence of these peptides in fermented milk with ke!r grains has been described. The purpose of this work was to evaluate in vitro the capacity of milk ke!r to prevent the demineralization of dental enamel. Bovine incisors (n=68, 17 per group) were treated for 72 h with different solutions: I: artificial saliva at pH 7.2 , II: demineralizing solution at pH 4.5, III: supernatant of kefir fermented milk at pH 4.5, IV: milk supernatant at pH 4.5. The effects of treatments were evaluated by the change in the weight of the specimens, calcium concentration in the solution and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the enamel. Kefir milk supernatant prevented the demineralization process, that was evidenced by a change in weight and calcium concentration that were not different from group I, although the pH was 4.5. In contrast, group IV showed a decrease in weight and an increase in calcium concentration, compared with group I (one way ANOVA, p<0.05). Images of SEM agree with the values of weight and calcium concentration. These results indicate that kefir milk supernatant has a protective effect on enamel demineralization in vitro. (AU)


La caries dental es una patología debido a un desequilibrio en las interacciones moleculares normales entre el esmalte y la biopelícula, que altera el proceso de desmineralización remineralización. La fermentación de la leche produce fosfopéptidos de caseína con probada capacidad remineralizante del esmalte, y se ha descripto la presencia de estos péptidos en la leche fermentada con granos de kéfir. El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar in vitro la capacidad del kéfir de leche para prevenir la desmineralización del esmalte dental. Sesenta y ocho incisivos bovinos (17 por grupo) fueron tratados durante 72 h con diferentes soluciones: I: saliva artificial, pH 7.2, II: solución desmineralizante, pH 4.5, III: sobrenadante de leche fermentada con kefir, pH 4.5, IV: sobrenadante de leche, pH 4.5. El proceso de desmineralización se evaluó mediante el cambio en el peso de las muestras, la concentración de calcio en la solución y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) del esmalte. El sobrenadante de leche fermentada con kéfir impidió el proceso de desmineralización, que se evidenció por un cambio en el peso y la concentración de calcio que no discreparon del grupo I, a pesar de haber tenido un pH de 4.5. En contraste, el grupo IV mostró una disminución en el peso y un aumento en la concentración de calcio, en comparación con el grupo I (ANOVA a un criterio, p<0.05). Las imágenes SEM concuerdan con los cambios en el peso y la concentración de calcio en los grupos estudiados. Los datos obtenidos demuestran que el sobrenadante de la leche tratada con kéfir tiene un efecto protector sobre la desmineralización del esmalte in vitro, inducida por el pH ácido. (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controle , Kefir/microbiologia , Saliva Artificial/administração & dosagem , Remineralização Dentária/métodos , Técnicas In Vitro , Bovinos , Caseínas/uso terapêutico , Cálcio/análise , Desmineralização do Dente/patologia , Desmineralização do Dente/terapia , Biofilmes , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Esmalte Dentário/citologia , Esmalte Dentário/fisiopatologia , Leite/microbiologia , Formaldeído/administração & dosagem
5.
Actual. osteol ; 12(3): 188-196, 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1370892

RESUMO

El consumo de yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) es habitual en la Argentina y otros países de América del Sur. La yerba mate, al igual que el café y el té, contiene xantinas y polifenoles. El consumo de café ha mostrado tener impacto negativo sobre la densidad mineral ósea (DMO), mientras que el té ha mostrado tener efecto protector. En mujeres posmenopáusicas tomadoras de mate se halló mayor DMO de columna lumbar y cuello femoral en comparación con controles que no bebían mate. La DMO también fue mayor en ratas que recibieron una infusión de yerba mate y dieta baja en calcio; sin embargo, este incremento no fue capaz de revertir el efecto negativo del bajo contenido de calcio sobre las propiedades biomecánicas y la conectividad trabecular. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el tejido óseo de ratas ovariectomizadas (OVX) luego de recibir una infusión de yerba mate por 90 días en reemplazo del agua de bebida. Se utilizaron ratas Sprague Dawley (n=16) hembras divididas en 2 grupos: OVX+agua y OVX+yerba. Otro grupo de ratas (n=6) fue sometido a una cirugía simulada (Sham). El estudio mostró claramente el efecto deletéreo de la ovariectomía sobre todos los parámetros estudiados (DMO, histomorfometría ósea, conectividad trabecular y biomecánica) respecto del grupo Sham. El grupo OVX+yerba no mostró diferencias con el grupo OVX+agua en ninguno de los parámetros analizados, por lo que la yerba mate no produciría efecto alguno sobre el hueso de ratas adultas ovariectomizadas. (AU)


Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) consumption is common in Argentina and other South American countries. Like coffee and tea, yerba mate contains xanthines and polyphenols. It has been reported that caffeine consumption has a negative impact on bone mineral density (BMD) while tea has been shown to have a protective effect. On the other hand, in postmenopausal women that usually consumed yerba mate, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were higher than in non-consumers. BMD was also higher in rats that received a yerba mate infusion and low calcium diet. However, this increase was not sufficient to reverse the negative effect of a low calcium diet on bone biomechanical properties and trabecular connectivity. The aim of this work was to study bone tissue in ovariectomized (OVX) rats receiving an infusion of yerba mate instead of drinking water for 90 days. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n=16) were divided into 2 groups: OVX+water and OVX+yerba. A third group of rats (n=6) was submitted to sham surgery (Sham). Results clearly showed the deleterious effect of ovariectomy on all studied parameters (BMD, bone histomorphometry, trabecular connectivity and biomechanical properties) compared to Sham group. The OVX+yerba group showed no difference with OVX+water group in all analyzed parameters. It is concluded that yerba mate does not produce any effect on the bone of ovariectomized adult rats. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Ilex paraguariensis , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Osso e Ossos/fisiologia , Ovariectomia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Cálcio/sangue , Ratos Sprague-Dawley/cirurgia , Pós-Menopausa , Densitometria
6.
Actual. osteol ; 8(1): 19-28, ene.-abr. 2012. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-658652

RESUMO

El fluoruro de sodio (NaF) y el monofluorofosfato de sodio (MFP) son compuestos que generan fluoruro, siendo capaces de aumentar ladiferenciacióny proliferaciónde precursores osteoblóticos. El NaF ha demostrado incrementar la densidad mineral óea de la cadera y la columna vertebral, aunque todavía existen controversias en relació con la calidad del hueso neoformado. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las modificaciones histopatológicas del hueso neoformado y los cambios morfométricos óseos bajo el tratamientocon NaF y MFP. Se utilizaron ratas hembras de 21 días de edad las que se dividieron en 3 grupos (n=8 por grupo): grupo control = 1 ml agua/día; grupo NaF = 80 Ìmol NaF/día; y grupo MFP = 80 Ìmol MFP/día. Se obtuvieron las tibias y femures para los siguientes analisis: 1. Analisis histomorfomítrico a nivel del hueso trabecular (volumen óseo trabecular, espesor y ancho trabecular); 2. Analisis morfométricode hueso cortical (area y ancho cortical, perimetro peristico y endostico); 3. Ensayo biomecanico de flexión a tres puntos; 4. Analisis histopatológico. Se halló que a nivel trabecular, tanto el NaF como el MFP mostraron aumento del volumen óseo. A nivel de la diafisis ninguen tratamiento modificó el anchocortical y la carga de fractura a la flexión en ensayo a tres puntos no evidenció diferencias significativas entre los grupos. El analisis histopatológico de los huesos de ratas tratadas con NaF mostró...


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Densidade Óssea , Desenvolvimento Ósseo , Fluoretos , Fluoreto de Sódio , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia
7.
Biol Trace Elem Res ; 140(2): 198-207, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20405337

RESUMO

Glucose intolerance in fluorosis areas and when fluoride is administered for the treatment of osteoporosis has been reported. Controlled fluoridation of drinking water is regarded as a safe and effective measure to control dental caries. However, the effect on glucose homeostasis was not studied so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the intake of fluoridated water supply on glucose metabolism in rats with normal and deficient renal function. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups of four rats. Renal insufficiency was induced in four groups (NX) which received drinking water containing 0, 1, 5, and 15 ppm F (NaF) for 60 days. Four groups with simulated surgery acted as controls. There were no differences in plasma glucose concentration after a glucose tolerance test between controls and NX rats and among rats with different intakes of fluoride. However, plasma insulin level increased as a function of fluoride concentration in drinking water, both in controls and in NX rats. It is concluded that the consumption of fluoridated water from water supply did not affect plasma glucose levels even in cases of animals with renal disease. However, a resistance to insulin action was demonstrated.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Insulina/sangue , Insuficiência Renal/sangue , Animais , Fluoretação , Fluoretos/sangue , Homeostase , Rim/metabolismo , Testes de Função Renal , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Água/química
8.
Actual. osteol ; 6(3): 194-205, sept.-dic. 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-614314

RESUMO

El fosfato es la forma principal en que se encuentra el elemento fósforo en el organismo. Participa en procesos como el metabolismo energético, la transducción de señales y el control de actividad enzimática. Es esencial para el desarrollo y la mineralización del esqueleto. Su homeostasis es compleja y está regulada principalmente por la acción conjunta de la hormona paratiroidea, la vitamina D y el recientemente identificado FGF23, los cuales actúan de manera coordinada sobre intestino, riñón y hueso. En este trabajo se revisan los conceptos conocidos de la fisiología normal del fosfato y se describe el rol del FGF23 en su homeostasis. Además, se refieren algunos desórdenes asociados a variaciones en los niveles circulantes de este factor.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Calcificação Fisiológica , Metabolismo Energético , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos , Fosfatos/fisiologia , Homeostase
9.
Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam ; 40(2): 122-7, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20645559

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Monofluorophosphate (MFP) binds to plasma alpha-macroglobulins modifying their structure and antiproteasic activity. The latter is required during pancreatitis, when proteinases are released by the damaged tissue. Previously, it was demonstrated that the treatment with MFP increases the survival of.rats with experimental pancreatitis. METHODS: In this work, the pancreatic damage was quantified through a numerical score evaluating edema, fibrin deposits, neutrophils and mononuclear cells infiltration, necrosis, congestive blood vessels, hemorrhage, vascular thrombosis, and fibrosis in rats with pancreatitis and under treatment with MFP. Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats per group were used: group A: treatment with MFP 30 days before pancreatitis, control A: treatment with vehicle, 30 days before pancreatitis; group B: treatment with MFP for 14 days after pancreatitis; control B: treatment with vehicle for 14 days after pancreatitis, group Sham: rats with simulated surgery. Surviving rats were euthanized after 14 days of the induction of pancreatitis. The score was measured by light microscopy analysis and comparisons were done with One Way ANOVA. The percentage of survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier. The score (mean- +/- SEM) and the percentage of survival were considered different with a P < 0,05. RESULTS: Group A: score 8.6 +/- 2.3 (NS vs. control A), survival 70% (P < 0.05 vs. control A); control A: score 11.0 +/- 2.2, survival 40%; group B: score 1.7 +/- 0.9 (P < 0.05 vs. control B), survival 40% (NS vs. control B)); control B: score 7.0 +/- 4.0, survival 40%: group Sham: score 5.3 +/- 1.3, survival 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with MFP before pancreatitis increased survival without differences in pancreatic damage. The administration of MFP after pancreatitis decreased tissular damage without differences in survival. The treatment of rats with MFP before or after the induction of pancreatitis would improve morbi-mortality.


Assuntos
Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Pancreatite/tratamento farmacológico , Fosfatos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Masculino , Pancreatite/induzido quimicamente , Pancreatite/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de Tempo
10.
Growth Horm IGF Res ; 20(2): 141-8, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20044290

RESUMO

The intravenous administration of rhGH (recombinant human Growth Hormone) to fasting female rats causes an increase in the rate of synthesis and secretion of VLDL (very low density lipoproteins). This phenomenon has three striking characteristics: (1) the demonstration of an unexpected lipogenic effect of rhGH, (2) its rapid occurrence after intravenous injection of the hormone and (3) the apparent dependence on the levels of circulating estrogens, as deduced by the lack of effect of rhGH on males and castrated females. The target tissue for the lipogenic effect was traced to the intestine by means of perfusion experiments of isolated duodenal loops. Impairment of liver blood supply discarded this tissue as the source of VLDL induced by rhGH. After a single dose of rhGH (T(1/2)=16min), the increase in plasma TAG (triacylglycerides) levels followed a positive exponential course that lasted ca. 3h. The same phenomenon (with no significant differences in kinetic parameters) was observed in three other experimental circumstances: fasting intact virgin female rats with impaired hepatic circulation, perfusion of isolated duodenum and sampling of mesenteric lymph. It is assumed that rhGH stimulates the synthesis of TAG and VLDL by the physiological mechanisms already present in enterocytes. Because increased plasma levels of VLDL and GH have been demonstrated in the last week of rat pregnancy, we believe that the reported phenomenon has physiological implications, hypothetically associated with fetal lung maturation. As an hypothesis, we suggest that the effect of growth hormone (of pituitary or placental origin) on the synthesis and secretion of VLDL by enterocytes uses a nongenomic pathway.


Assuntos
VLDL-Colesterol/biossíntese , VLDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/farmacologia , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfa/metabolismo , Plasma/metabolismo , Animais , VLDL-Colesterol/farmacocinética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Feminino , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Linfa/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Ovariectomia , Plasma/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Ratos , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Triglicerídeos/farmacocinética
11.
Actual. osteol ; 5(3): 165-170, sept.-dic. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-614298

RESUMO

La remodelación ósea es un proceso bajo el control de un complejo mecanismo que involucra factores endócrinos, autócrinos y parácrinos. La hipocalcemia tiene en parte el control de la remodelación ósea por modificación de los niveles de parathormona (PTH). La disminución de la acción de PTH produce un estado de baja remodelación ósea. La disminución de la función paratiroidea se puede lograr en la rata por ablación simultánea de tiroides y paratiroides (tiroparatiroidectomía: TPTX) o por ablación de las glándulas paratiroideas (paratiroidectomía: PX). TPTX es una cirugía de baja complejidad y requiere administración posterior de hormonas tiroideas en agua de bebida. PX requiere más entrenamiento pero no la administración de tiroxina. En ambos casos la hipocalcemia es el signo indicador del éxito de la ablación, cuyo valor es cercano o inferior a 7.5 mg/dl. La búsqueda de modelos de hipocalcemia para obtener estados de baja remodelación ósea ha demostrado que la tetania asociada a la hipocalcemia es la complicación más importante en el mantenimiento de los animales y la realización de cirugías posteriores. Se realizaron cirugías de PX, TPTX y ablación de una de las dos glándulas paratiroideas (1/2PX). Los resultados hallados indican que la PX y 1/2PX producen hipocalcemia más severa que TPTX y la 1/2PX produce un modelo de hipocalcemia muy severa pero transitoria. La administración de gluconato de calcio en agua de bebida evita la presencia de tetania durante el mantenimiento de los animales, pero no durante cirugías con anestesia general. La administración de gluconato de calcio intramuscular evita la tetania que se produce como consecuencia de la anestesia general.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Remodelação Óssea , Hipocalcemia , Modelos Anatômicos , Paratireoidectomia/métodos , Tetania/cirurgia , Tetania/terapia
12.
Actual. osteol ; 5(1): 9-19, ene.-abr. 2009. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-614290

RESUMO

La remodelación ósea puede medirse con marcadores bioquímicos óseos, isótopos radioactivos e histomorfometría. En este trabajo se propone un método basado en la farmacocinética del fluoruro. El método consiste en la medición de la fluoremia y la excreción urinaria de fluoruro antes y después de una dosis endovenosa de fluoruro. Con los datos obtenidos se aplica un modelo matemático y se calcula la resorción (Ro) y formación ósea (Fo), medidos en mol/l.min. El método fue validado en ratas Sprague-Dawley con osteoporosis inducida por ovariectomía (OVX), con tratamiento con zoledronato (OVX+Z), con insuficiencia renal por nefrectomía parcial (NFX) y con paratiroidectomía (PX). En todos los casos se utilizó un grupo control (C) y cada grupo experimental contuvo 5 ratas; se utilizaron los test de Kruskal Wallis y Mann Whitney, considerando diferencias significativas si p <0,05. Fo y Ro fueron mayores en OVX (Fo=1,36±0,56 [X±EE]; Ro=1,84 ±0,47) con respecto a C (Fo=0,50±0,07; Ro=0,56±0,38) y a OVX+Z (Fo=0,34±0,17; Ro=0,45±0,18). Fo y Ro fueron mayores en ratas NFX (Fo=5,00±0,40; Ro=5,08±0,45) con respecto a C (Fo=0,55±0,14; Ro=0,56±0,14). Fo y Ro fueron menores en PX (Fo=0,75±0,08; Ro=0,96±0,06) respecto de C (Fo=1,20±0,32; Ro=1,44±0,27). Conclusiones: el método es de bajo costo, mini-invasivo, requiere reducido volumen de sangre, permite el seguimiento de tratamientos con otras drogas y el mismo marcador es utilizado para medir ambos procesos. Los valores de resorción y formación ósea obtenidos coincidieron con los valores que se esperaban en los modelos biológicos estudiados.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Desenvolvimento Ósseo , Remodelação Óssea , Reabsorção Óssea , Fluoretação , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacocinética , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Osteogênese , Pesquisa , Modelos Biológicos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
13.
Actual. osteol ; 4(3): 113-119, sept.-dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-614285

RESUMO

Este trabajo expone las frecuencias de patologías vertebrales de una muestra esqueletal de 1.700 años de antigüedad, exhumada en el norte de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Se investigó Ia presencia de Iesiones artrósicas (incipientes, moderadas, acentuadas y anquilosantes), improntas de nódulos de Schmorl sobre la carilla articular y fracturas en una muestra de 217 vértebras pertenecientes a 11 adultos (7 hombres y 4 mujeres). Lesiones artrósicas: El 36% (61/169) de las piezas óseas de ambos sexos exhiben osteofitos, más frecuentes en eI grupo femenino (25/51) que en el masculino (36/118). En ambos sexos, esta lesión es significativamente más frecuente en el segmento torácico que en el cervical o lumbar. Improntas de nódulos de Schmorl: un tercio de las piezas óseas (36/117) presentaban esta lesión. No se observó asociación significativa con el sexo. Fracturas vertebrales: se observaron cinco colapsos vertebrales (entre T1 y L5) en eI grupo de hombres y sólo uno (cervical) en el grupo de mujeres. La alta frecuencia de vértebras ilesas y con osteofitos incipientes junto con Ia baja incidencia de fracturas de comprensión sugieren que los sujetos no utilizaban en grado crítico Ia columna vertebral en ocupaciones asociadas con actividades como Ievantamiento, carga y transporte de materiales pesados. Los pueblos costeros basaron su economía en Ia caza especializada, recolección y pesca. Estas actividades no habrían demandado exigencias físicas excesivas. La ausencia de diferencias asociadas aI sexo en Ia incidencia de nódulos de Schmorl, fracturas vertebrales y Iesiones artrósicas sugieren que ambos sexos habrían comprometido sus cuerpos en actividades Iaborales de intensidad semejante.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Fatores Culturais , Fraturas Ósseas , Osteoartrite , Osteófito , Paleopatologia , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral , Argentina , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/história
15.
Arzneimittelforschung ; 55(8): 455-60, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16149713

RESUMO

Sodium fluoride (CAS 7681-49-4) 5-20 micromol/L in the extracellular space inhibited insulin secretion by isolated Langerhans islets stimulated with glucose. Insulin secretion followed a negative exponential function. This phenomenon is rapidly reversible. Perfusion of pancreatic tissue (rat) in vivo with stimulatory levels of glucose revealed that 20 micromol/L fluoride in the perfusion fluid inhibited the initial and sustained phases of insulin secretion to 15% of that of controls. The stimulatory effects of the ionophore A23187, phorbol-ester and forskolin on the secretion of insulin of isolated rat Langerhans islets in vitro were inhibited by 20 micromol/L fluoride. The results suggested that fluoride affects some stage of insulin secretion situated below the cascade of events that include the participation of calmodulin, protein-kinase C and cyclic AMP.


Assuntos
Fluoretos/farmacologia , Insulina/metabolismo , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Calmodulina/metabolismo , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Feminino , Glucose/farmacologia , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Pâncreas/irrigação sanguínea , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Perfusão , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Ratos
16.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);59(2): 151-6, 1999. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-234495

RESUMO

Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) is a drug used in the treatment of primary osteoporosis. Following the intake of MFP, a small fraction of the drug is absorbed intact and forms a complex with alpha2-macroglobulin (MFP-alpha2M) inactivating the antiproteasic activity of the globulin. The complex has been shown to occur in the serum of rats and human being. This paper reports data on the metabolism of this complex in the rat. In vitro experiments showed that liver and bone tissue remove MFP-alpha2M from the incubation medium. When the experiments were pursued beyond the time needed to reduce the complex concentration to very low levels, fluorine (F) reappears in the medium in two forms: bound to low molecular weight macromolecule/s (2,200 + 600 Da) and as ionic F. Concentrations of these F fractions increase while that of the complex decreases as a function of time. In vitro, uptake of the complex by liver or bone tissue was not affected by the presence of colchicine or methylamine. These drugs, however, inhibited intracellular metabolism of the complex, as indicated by the impairment of the return of F species to the extracellular space and the increase in F content of the tissue. The cellular receptors responsible for the uptake of the complex in liver and bone are insensitive to low concentration of calcium and inhibited by polyinosinic acid[5']. These features characterize the "scavenger" receptor, one of the two receptor types known to remove inactive alpha2M from the circulation. Injection of polyinosinic acid [5'] to living rats also hindered the disappearance of the complex from serum. It is concluded that the metabolism of the MFP-alpha2M complex involves binding to receptors, uptake by cells, lysosomal degradation and return of F bound to low molecular weight macromolecule/s to the extracelular space. It is assumed, however, that inorganic F is the final product of lysosomal hydrolysis of the protein moiety.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , alfa-Macroglobulinas/farmacocinética , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatos/farmacocinética , Disponibilidade Biológica , Flúor/análise , Flúor/metabolismo , Substâncias Macromoleculares , Peso Molecular
17.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);59(2): 157-61, 1999. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-234496

RESUMO

According to previous pharmacokinetic studies the biovailability of fluorine (F) from sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) doubles that of sodium fluoride (NaF). This paper reports a study designed to verify whether the vertebral bone mass increasing effect of NaF (30 mg F/day) was comparable to that of MFP (15 mg F/day), given for 18 months to osteoporotic postmenopausal women. The BMD of lumbar vertebrae of both groups showed significant increases (MFP: 60 + 15 mg/cm2, NaF: and 71 + 12 mg/cm2) over basal levels (P < 0.001). The difference between treatments was not significant (P = 0.532). The serum levels of ionic F (the mitogenic species on osteoblasts) were not related to the above mentioned effects. In NaF-treated patients, the fasting levels of total serum F increased significantly (6.7 + 0.9 muM vs. Basal: 2.0 + 0.8 muM; P < 0.001). This phenomenon was accounted for by ionic fluoride that increased over 20-fold (6.5 + 1.9 muM vs. Basal: 0.3 + 0.04 muM). In MFP-treated patients the fasting serum levels of total (7.0 + 0.7 muM vs. Basal: 2.2 + 0.9 M) and diffusible F (0.5 + 0.02 muM vs. Basal 0.2 + 0.02 muM) increased significantly (P < 0.001). The increase in the non diffussible F fraction is accounted for by proteinboud F, probably by the complexes formed between MFP and alpha2-macroglobulin and C3. Serum diffusible F was formed by two fractions: ionic F and F bound to low molecular weight macromolecule/s (2 200 + 600 Da), in approximately equal amounts. The general information afforded by the present observations support the hypothesis that ionic F is released progressively during the metabolism of MFP bound to alpha2-macroglobulin and C3. These phenomena explain why comparable effects to those obtained with 30 mg F/d of NaF could by obtained with one half the dose of MFP.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/tratamento farmacológico , Fosfatos/uso terapêutico , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Flúor/sangue , Vértebras Lombares , Fatores de Tempo
18.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);57(4): 417-20, 1997. mapas, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-209874

RESUMO

Se estudiaron 24 mujeres y 2 hombres de 44 a 66 años de edad, ex-residentes en una zona de fluorosis endémica carcana a Bahía Blanca. Las fluoremias de ayuno (0,5 a 9,2 muM) y fluorurias diarias (> 60 mumoles/día) corresponden a las de habitantes de un área de fluorosis endémica. La densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de la columna lumbar (L2-L4: 1330 + 41 mg/cm2) y del cuello femoral (1045 + 10 mg/cm2) fueron significativamente superiores al promedio de sujetos normales del mismo sexo y edad. La fluoruria y la DMO L2-4 se hallaron correlacionadas (r = 0,43, P < 0,05). Durante una prueba estándar de sobrecarga de glucosa, el Area Bajo la Curva de insulinemia mostró una relación inversa con la fluoremia, en coincidencia con experimentos que indican que concentraciones de fluoruro en plasma superiores a 5 muM perturban la homeostasis de la glucosa.


Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Humanos , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Homeostase
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