New macrodiolide antibiotics, 11-O-monomethyl- and 11, 11'-O-dimethylelaiophylins, from Streptomyces sp. HKI-0113 and HKI-0114.

Elaiophylin (1) and two new methyl derivatives, 11-O-monomethylelaiophylin (2) and 11,11'-O-dimethylelaiophylin (3), were isolated from the mycelium cake of Streptomyces strains HKI-0113 and HKI-0114. The structures of 2 and 3 were determined by mass spectrometric and NMR investigations. Compounds 2 and 3 display antimicrobial and moderate cytotoxic activities.

Demethyl mutactimycins, new anthracycline antibiotics from Nocardia and Streptomyces strains.

New anthracycline antibiotics 3'-O-demethyl mutactimycin (3) and 4-O,3'-O-didemethyl mutactimycin (4) were isolated from two actinomycetes strains, Nocardia transvalensis and Streptomyces sp. GW 60/1571. The chemical structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Antibiotic 3 displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and cytotoxicity against P388, L1210 and HeLa tumor cells (IC50; 9.6, >25 and 20 microg/ml, respectively).

Analgesic dose-response relationship of ibuprofen 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg after surgical removal of third molars: a single-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study of 304 patients.

The purpose of this single-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study was to evaluate the analgesic dose-response relationship of 50-mg, 100-mg, 200-mg, and 400-mg doses of ibuprofen after third molar surgery. Patients were instructed to take a single dose of either placebo or 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, or 400 mg of ibuprofen when the postoperative pain was moderate to severe. Acetaminophen 500 mg was used as a rescue medication. Pain intensity, pain relief, and any possible adverse events were recorded on self-administered questionnaires hourly for 6 hours after intake of study medication. If rescue medication was taken, the time of intake was registered. A total of 304 patients entered the study, and 258 complied with the protocol. A positive analgesic dose-response relationship of 50-mg, 100-mg, 200-mg, and 400-mg doses of ibuprofen was observed when evaluated by pain intensity difference, sum of pain intensity difference, pain relief, total pain relief, and survival distribution of patients not taking rescue medication. Although significant pain relief was seen after a dose of 50 mg ibuprofen, ibuprofen 400 mg provided maximum pain relief and the longest duration of analgesic effect. Mild transient adverse events were reported by 6.8% of the patients. However, there was no significant difference in frequency between the placebo and 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg ibuprofen dose groups.

[Lifet-threatening hemorrhage from a mandibular hemangioma]. / Livstruende blødning fra haemangiom i underkaeben.

A case of a nine year-old girl with a life-threatening episode of profuse bleeding after extraction of a loose deciduous molar is reported. An angiography confirmed the presence of a haemangioma in the right side of the mandible. The lesion was superselectively embolized. Two days later exploration of the haemangioma and resection of the bone was performed, and the bleeding stopped. Special concern must be exercised in cases with hypermobility of the teeth, and when episodes of spontaneous haemorrhage are encountered.

Nocardicyclins A and B: new anthracycline antibiotics produced by Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis.

Nocardicyclins A (1) and B (2), new anthracycline antibiotics have been isolated from the mycelial cake of Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis IFM 0624 (JCM 9894). The molecular formulae of 1 and 2 have been determined as C30H35NO11 and C32H37NO12, respectively, and the structures were characterized by 1- and 8-methoxyl groups, a 10-carbonyl group and a novel carbon-methylated aminosugar constituent. Nocardicyclin A (1) exerts cytotoxic activity against L1210 and P388 leukemia. Nocardicyclins A (1) and B (2) are active against Gram-positive bacteria including Mycobacterium spp. and Nocardia spp., but inactive against Gram-negative bacteria.

Ampullosporin, a new peptaibol-type antibiotic from Sepedonium ampullosporum HKI-0053 with neuroleptic activity in mice.

Ampullosporin (I; Ac-Trp-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Gln-Leu-Aib-Gln-Leuol) was isolated from the mycelium of Sepedonium ampullosporum as a new 15-membered peptaibol-type antibiotic. The structure was determined by mass spectrometric and two-dimensional NMR experiments. Ampullosporin displays narrow-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity, induces pigment formation by Phoma destructiva, causes hypothermia and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity in mice in dosages > 1 mg/kg.

The Ekman-Westborg-Julin syndrome: report of case.

The Ekman-Westborg-Julin Syndrome is reveiwed and a new case reported.

Lipohexin, a new inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase from Moeszia lindtneri (HKI-0054) and Paecilomyces sp. (HKI-0055; HKI-0096). I. Screening, isolation and structure elucidation.

Lipohexin was isolated as a novel lipohexapeptide (I) (C39H68N6O9) from three fungal strains, Moeszia lindtneri HKI-0054, Paecilomyces sp. HKI-0055 and Paecilomyces sp. HKI-0096. The structure was elucidated by detailed mass spectrometric and NMR experiments. The proline-containing peptide displays moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and inhibits competitively the prolyl endopeptidase from human placenta.

Chrysospermins, new peptaibol antibiotics from Apiocrea chrysosperma Ap101.

Four new members of peptaibol antibiotics, designated as chrysospermins A, B, C, and D, were isolated from the mycelium of Apiocrea chrysosperma Ap101 by solvent extraction, silica gel chromatography and preparative recycling HPLC. Their structures as new nonadecapeptides were settled by detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation experiments. The chrysospermins display antibacterial and antifungal activity, and induce pigment formation by the fungus Phoma destructiva.

Aurantimycins, new depsipeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces aurantiacus IMET 43917. Production, isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity.

Aurantimycins A (1), B (2) and C (3) were isolated from the mycelium of Streptomyces aurantiacus JA 4570 as new representatives of the azinothricin group of hexadepsipeptide antibiotics. Their structures were settled by X-ray diffraction analysis of crystalline aurantimycin A (1), high field homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR experiments, high-resolution mass spectrometry and amino acid analysis. Aurantimycins are characterized by a new side chain containing fourteen carbon atoms. They display strong activity against Gram-positive bacteria and cytotoxic effects against L-929 mouse fibroblast cells.

Helioferins; novel antifungal lipopeptides from Mycogone rosea: screening, isolation, structures and biological properties.

Helioferins A and B were detected as novel aminolipopeptides in cultures of Mycogone rosea DSM 8822 in the course of a screening for mediators of helianthate anion transfer from aqueous to toluene phases. Their structures as novel antibiotics and cytotoxic agents were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopic methods. Antimicrobial activity was estimated against Candida albicans and Gram-positive bacteria including Mycobacterium spp.

Does metronidazole prevent alveolitis sicca dolorosa? A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.

The effect of a single preoperative dose of metronidazole in the prevention of alveolitis sicca dolorosa (ASD) after surgical removal of one impacted, non-infected mandibular third molar was investigated. A patient sample of 270 were given either 1000 mg of metronidazole or placebo at least 30 min before surgery. The preoperative recordings included gender, age, tooth to be removed, experience of surgeon, time of test medication, and duration of surgery. No difference was found between the metronidazole and placebo groups in the occurrence of ASD. The duration of surgery and the experience of the operating surgeons had no effect on the occurrence of ASD. The present study failed to demonstrate any preventive effect of a single dose of metronidazole on the development of ASD.

Metabolic products of microorganisms. 261. Obscurolides, a novel class of phosphodiesterase inhibitors from streptomyces. I. Production, isolation, structural elucidation and biological activity of obscurolides A1 to A4.

A novel class of butyrolactones, named obscurolides, was isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces viridochromogenes by chemical screening methods. The structural elucidation of the obscurolides A1 to A4 (1 approximately 4) is described. The carboxy group of the 4-aminobenzoic acid moiety of obscurolide A1 (1) is reduced in the other compounds. The isolated natural products have been proved to be diastereomeric mixtures by a partial racemization at C-7 which belongs to an allylic alcohol system. The obscurolides showed a weak inhibitory activity against calcium/calmodulin-dependent and independent phosphodiesterases from bovine.

Skeletal stability after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism by vertical ramus osteotomy.

The purpose of the study was to assess skeletal stability following combined surgical-orthodontic management of 52 adults with severe mandibular prognathism. Lateral cephalograms taken 1 week before surgery, within 1 week post-surgery and approximately 1 year after operation were studied by means of eight variables and a constructive stable reproducible reference system. The surgical procedure of choice was a bilateral vertical ramus osteotomy through an extra-oral approach. In all cases the condyles were left passively in the articular fossa and no attempt at their active repositioning was made. The patients were randomly allocated to an osteosynthesis or non-osteosynthesis group with regard to intramandibular fixation. Intermaxillary fixation lasted 6 weeks and an interocclusal wafer was used in all cases during this period. The findings of this study showed that during the post-operative period there was a trend for posterior rotation of the mandibular corpus (P less than 0.001). This pattern was also characterized by an increase (P less than 0.001) of the lower anterior face height and an improvement of the angle of convexity (P less than 0.001). These changes occurring in a direction so that the dentoskeletal profile became less concave, did not tend to reverse the goal of operation and cannot be considered as detrimental. No significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were found between the groups without and with osteosynthesis.

Alterations of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth and their relationship after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism.

The present investigation studied changes of hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth at the levels of the second and fourth cervical vertebrae and their relationships in mandibular prognathism patients who received combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. The material consisted of presurgical and 1-year postsurgical profile cephalograms of 52 adult orthognathic surgery patients (40 females and 12 males) who initially had mandibular prognathism and had undergone bilateral vertical ramus osteotomy through an extraoral incision in the retroangular area. Hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth were assessed on the profile radiographs with 10 cephalometric variables. Paired t tests were used to evaluate the operative changes in all cephalometric parameters. The relationships between pairs of variables describing hyoid bone position and pharyngeal depth were assessed by means of Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis. Significant differences (p less than 0.01) were observed for the distances of the hyoid bone to the maxilla and the mandible. The distances of the hyoid bone with the anterior cranial base, the vertebral column, and the anterior pharyngeal wall, and the measurements representing pharyngeal depth exhibited no significant changes (p greater than 0.05). Moderate correlations were seen between (1) the depth of the pharynx at the fourth cervical vertebra and the hyosymphyseal distance (r = 0.34) and the distance between the point of the projection of the hyoid bone to the mandibular line with its posterior border (r = -0.34), and (2) the depth of the pharynx at the second cervical vertebra and the distance of the hyoid bone with the anterior pharyngeal wall at the level of the fourth cervical vertebra (r = -0.33).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Recurrence of chondromyxoid fibroma: a case report.

A case of recurrence of a chondromyxoid fibroma 3 years after its surgical removal is presented. The significance of the clinical, radiographic and histological appearances is discussed.

Changes in condyle position after bilateral vertical ramus osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis.

The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the importance of ramal osteosynthesis and evaluate postoperative condylar movements. The right temporomandibular joints of 53 patients with mandibular prognathism were examined by linear tomography the day before, 1 week after, and 1 year after surgery. During surgery the patients were randomly allocated to two groups: one with (n = 26) and one without (n = 27) osteosynthesis. It was found that osteosynthesis did not influence condyle position (p greater than 0.3). The two groups were thereafter pooled. Radiographic measurements of the posterior and anterior interarticular space revealed that condyle position 1 week postoperatively was forward and downward in relation to the preoperative position (posterior fossa, p less than 0.001; anterior fossa, p less than 0.01). One year later the condyle position demonstrated a tendency to approximate the preoperative position, especially with respect to the posterior part, but there was still a significant (p less than 0.01) difference when related to the original position. In conclusion, osteosynthesis after ramus osteotomy seems to be of no importance when healing and postoperative condyle position are considered. Furthermore, 1 year after surgery the condyles were not reestablished in their preoperative positions.