The influence of removing the 10-minute bout requirement on the demographic, behaviour and health profiles of Canadian adults who meet the physical activity recommendations.

Background: Recently, the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults were released, and included a revised physical activity (PA) recommendation. The recommendation of 150 minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was revised, from requiring that MVPA be accrued in bouts of 10 minutes or more (bouted) to having no bout requirement (non-bouted). The objective of this study was to assess whether there were differences in sociodemographic, health and fitness characteristics of Canadians who met the bouted and non-bouted PA recommendations. Data and methods: Using adult (aged 18 to 79 years) accelerometer data from three combined cycles of the nationally representative Canadian Health Measures Survey (N = 7,102), this study compared adherence to the bouted and non-bouted recommendations. Differences in sociodemographic, health and fitness measures were assessed using independent t-tests and chi-squares. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions controlling for age, sex, household education and smoking examined associations with health and fitness measures. Results: More adults met the PA recommendation using the non-bouted versus bouted (45.3% vs. 18.5%) requirement. Characteristics of those who met the bouted and only the non-bouted recommendations were similar. Exceptions among those who met only the non-bouted recommendation compared with meeting the bouted recommendation included fewer adults aged 65 years and older; lower MVPA, recreation PA and transport PA; and higher sedentary time, light PA and grip strength. Interpretation: Although the removal of the 10-minute bout requirement increased the proportion of Canadian adults who met the PA recommendation, there were no substantial differences in the sociodemographic and health characteristics of the populations captured by the bouted and non-bouted definitions. Results help to inform the transition in reporting for PA surveillance.

Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines Among Adults: Findings From the Canadian Health Measures Survey.

BACKGROUND: This study examined associations between sociodemographic factors and meeting versus not meeting the new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines recommendations. METHODS: The study is based on 7651 respondents aged 18-79 years from the 2007 to 2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey. Sociodemographic factors included age, sex, household education, household income, race, having a chronic condition, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. Participants were classified as meeting or not meeting each of the time-specific recommendations for moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration. RESULTS: Being an adult aged 18-64 years, normal weight, nonsmoker, and not having a chronic condition were associated with meeting the integrated guidelines. Being aged 18-64 years, male, normal weight, nonsmoker, not having a chronic condition, having a higher household education, and higher household income were associated with meeting the moderate to vigorous physical activity recommendation; being aged 18-64 years was associated with meeting the sedentary behavior recommendation; and being white, not having a chronic condition, and having a higher household income were associated with meeting the sleep duration recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: Few Canadian adults met the 2020 Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, and disparities across sociodemographic factors exist. Implementation strategies and dissemination approaches to encourage uptake and adoption are necessary.

Meeting Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations and risk of all-cause mortality.

This study determined if meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines recommendations are associated with all-cause mortality. Participants were 3471 adults from the 2005-2006 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey followed for mortality over 11 years. They were classified as meeting or not meeting recommendations for sleep duration, sedentary behaviour, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A total of 63.8%, 35.3%, and 41.5% of participants met recommendations for sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity while 12.3% met all 3 recommendations. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality in participants meeting the recommendations relative to those not meeting the recommendations were 0.91 (0.72, 1.16) for sleep, 0.92 (0.61, 1.40) for sedentary behaviour, and 0.42 (0.24, 0.74) for MVPA. The HR for meeting none, any 1, any 2, and all 3 recommendations were 1.00, 0.86 (0.65, 1.14), 0.49 (0.28, 0.86), and 0.72 (0.34, 1.50). When the cut-point used to denote acceptable sedentary time was changed from ≤8 to ≤10 hours/day, the HR for meeting none, any 1, any 2, and all 3 recommendations were 1.00, 0.83 (0.59, 1.15), 0.57 (0.34, 0.96), and 0.43 (0.20, 0.93). These findings provide some support of the ability of the 24-hour Movement Guidelines to predict mortality risk. Novelty: The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines provide recommendations for sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity. The findings of this study provide some support of the ability of these new guidelines to predict mortality risk.

Daily physical activity and sedentary behaviour across occupational classifications in Canadian adults.

BACKGROUND: Adults spend a large proportion of their day at work. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) have been shown to vary considerably between occupations. The objective of this study is to describe occupational differences in accelerometer-measured and self-reported PA and SB for Canadian full-time workers. DATA AND METHODS: Using combined data from three cycles of the nationally representative Canadian Health Measures Survey (N = 4,080), three activity groups (high, intermediate, low) were created based on a composite ranking of accelerometer-derived steps, proportion of time spent sedentary (SED%) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in bouts of ⋝10 minutes (MVPAbouted). Differences between groups were assessed for accelerometer-derived and self-reported PA and SB, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: On average, Canadians employed in full-time work were sedentary for 68.9% of their day (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.3% to 69.6%), took 8,984 steps per day (95% CI: 8,719 to 9,249) and accumulated 79.5 minutes per week of MVPAbouted (95% CI: 71.1 to 87.9). Among Canadians employed in full-time work, 18.5% met the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines. The high-activity group took significantly more steps and had a lower SED%, but spent a higher proportion of time in light-intensity PA compared with the intermediate- and low-activity groups. No differences were observed for MVPA. The low-activity group reported more recreational and active travel-related PA and leisure reading, while those in the high-activity group reported more work and domestic PA and leisure screen time. DISCUSSION: The majority of full-time working adults are not getting adequate MVPA and spend most of their day sedentary, regardless of occupation. Findings support workplace policies to improve MVPA levels among Canadian workers and to promote awareness for the potential benefit of occupation-specific messaging around PA and SB.

Obesity and healthy aging: social, functional and mental well-being among older Canadians. / Obésité et vieillissement en santé : bien-être social, fonctionnel et mental chez les personnes âgées au Canada.

INTRODUCTION: Canadians are living longer than before, and a large proportion of them are living with obesity. The present study sought to describe how older participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) who are living with obesity are aging, through an examination of measures of social, functional and mental well-being. METHODS: We used data from the first wave of the CLSA for people aged 55 to 85 years in this study. We used descriptive statistics to describe characteristics of this population and adjusted generalized logistic models to assess measures of social, functional and mental well-being among obese participants (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) relative to non-obese participants. Findings are presented separately for females and males. RESULTS: More than half of the participants reported living with a low personal income (less than $50 000); females were particularly affected. Less than half of the participants were obese; those who were had higher odds of multimorbidity than those who were not living with obesity (among those aged 55-64 years: odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% CI: 2.0-3.5 males; OR 2.8, 95% CI: 2.2-2.5 females). Low social participation was associated with obesity among older female participants, but not males. Physical functioning issues and impairments in activities of daily living were strongly associated with obesity for both females and males. While happiness and life satisfaction were not associated with obesity status, older females living with obesity reported negative impressions of whether their aging was healthy. CONCLUSION: The odds of multimorbidity were higher among participants who were obese, relative to those who were not. Obese female participants tended to have a negative perception of whether they were aging healthily and had lower odds of involvement in social activities, while both sexes reported impairments in functional health. The associations we observed, independent of multimorbidity in older age, highlight areas where healthy aging initiatives may be merited.

INTRODUCTION: Si les Canadiens vivent plus longtemps qu'avant, bon nombre d'entre eux souffrent cependant d'obésité. Cette étude vise à décrire, par un examen de mesures du bien-être social, fonctionnel et mental, le vieillissement des personnes âgées souffrant d'obésité ayant participé à l'Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement (ELCV). MÉTHODOLOGIE: Nous avons extrait des données du premier cycle de l'ELCV portant sur les personnes de 55 à 85 ans. Nous avons utilisé des statistiques descriptives pour caractériser cette population et ajusté des modèles logistiques généralisés pour comparer les mesures du bien-être social, fonctionnel et mental chez les participants souffrant d'obésité (indice de masse corporelle de 30 kg/m2 et plus) et chez les participants n'en souffrant pas. Nos résultats sont présentés en fonction du sexe. RÉSULTATS: Plus de la moitié des participants ont déclaré avoir un revenu personnel relativement faible (moins de 50 000 $), les femmes étant particulièrement affectées. Moins de la moitié des participants souffraient d'obésité et la multimorbidité était plus fréquente parmi ceux souffrant d'obésité que parmi ceux n'en souffrant pas (participants de 55 à 64 ans; rapport de cotes [RC] : 2,7; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 2,0 à 3,5 chez les hommes; RC : 2,8; IC à 95 % : 2,2 à 2,5 chez les femmes). La faible participation sociale était associée à l'obésité chez les femmes plus âgées mais pas chez les hommes plus âgés. La présence de problèmes de fonctionnement physique et de limitations dans la vie quotidienne était fortement associée à l'obésité tant chez les femmes que chez les hommes. Bien que le bonheur et la satisfaction à l'égard de la vie ne soient pas associés à l'obésité, les femmes âgées souffrant d'obésité ont déclaré avoir une perception défavorable de leur état de santé. CONCLUSION: La multimorbidité était plus fréquente chez les participants souffrant d'obésité que chez ceux n'en souffrant pas. Les femmes souffrant d'obésité étaient plus nombreuses que les hommes à avoir une perception défavorable de leur état de santé et à ne pas prendre part à des activités sociales. Les participants des deux sexes ont fait état de problèmes de santé fonctionnelle. Les associations observées, qui sont indépendantes de la multimorbidité chez les personnes âgées, mettent en relief les secteurs où des actions en faveur d'un vieillissement en santé pourraient être bénéfiques.

Status report -- Childhood overweight and obesity in Canada: an integrative assessment. / Rapport d'étape -- Embonpoint et obésité chez les enfants au Canada : une évaluation globale.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a complex risk factor for chronic disease that is associated with a number of socioecological determinants. In this status report, we provide an overview of the socioecological framework that is now guiding our ongoing surveillance efforts in the area of childhood overweight and obesity. This framework considers individual risk and protective factors (sociodemographic, lifestyle, psychosocial and early-life) through the lens of the life stage, levels of influence and environments in which these factors play a role. METHODS: Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey and the Canadian Health Measures Survey, univariate and bivariate analyses were used to report on behavioural, psychosocial, and early life factors associated with excess weight among Canadian children. RESULTS: Estimates of early-life (e.g. breastfeeding), behavioural (e.g. physical activity), and psychosocial factors (e.g. sense of community) are presented as they relate to age group, sex, income adequacy and weight status. CONCLUSION: Building upon our recent reporting on trends in and sociodemographic factors associated with childhood obesity in Canada, this work illustrates the remaining risk and protective factors shown in our surveillance framework. This analysis supports the shift towards a holistic appraisal of determinants related to healthy weights.

INTRODUCTION: L'obésité est un facteur de risque complexe des maladies chroniques associé à un certain nombre de déterminants socioécologiques. Ce rapport d'étape fournit un aperçu du cadre socioécologique qui guide actuellement nos efforts de suivi de l'embonpoint et de l'obésité chez les enfants. Ce cadre intègre différents facteurs de risque et de protection (facteurs sociodémographiques, liés au mode de vie, psychosociaux et en début de vie) et tient compte de l'étape de vie, des niveaux d'influence et de l'environnement au sein desquels ces facteurs jouent un rôle. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Nous avons effectué des analyses univariées et bivariées fondées sur les données de l'Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes et de l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé pour rendre compte des facteurs comportementaux, des facteurs psychosociaux et des facteurs en début de vie associés à un surplus de poids chez les enfants canadiens. RÉSULTATS: Les estimations liées aux facteurs en début de vie (p. ex. l'allaitement), aux facteurs comportementaux (p. ex. l'activité physique) et aux facteurs psychosociaux (p. ex. le sentiment d'appartenance à la collectivité) sont présentées en fonction du groupe d'âge, du sexe, de la suffisance du revenu et du poids. CONCLUSION: Cette étude, qui s'appuie sur notre publication récente sur les tendances en matière d'obésité chez les enfants au Canada et les facteurs sociodémographiques qui y sont associés, présente les facteurs de risque et de protection intégrés à notre cadre de surveillance. D'après notre analyse, une évaluation plus globale des déterminants associés au maintien d'un poids santé est nécessaire.

Is adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Behaviour Guidelines for Children and Youth associated with improved indicators of physical, mental, and social health?

The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth were released in 2016. These guidelines contained recommendations for moderate to vigorous physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) if achieving the individual recommendations and combinations of the recommendations within the guidelines is associated with indicators of physical, mental, and social health within children and youth; (ii) if meeting the recommendation for a specific movement behaviour is associated with larger differences in physical, mental, and social health indicators compared with meeting the recommendations for the other specific movement behaviours; and (iii) if physical, mental, and social health indicators differ according to different combinations of the guideline recommendations achieved. To address these objectives, we studied a representative sample of over 17 000 Canadians aged 10-17 years. The findings indicated that participants achieving any given recommendation had preferable scores for the health outcomes compared with participants who did not meet the recommendations. There was a dose-response pattern between the number of recommendations achieved and the health outcomes, indicating that the health outcomes improved as more recommendations were achieved. When the number of recommendations achieved was the same, there were no differences in the health outcomes. For instance, health indicators scores were not different in the group who achieved the sleep and screen time recommendations, the group who achieved sleep and moderate to vigorous physical activity recommendations, and the group who achieved screen time and moderate to vigorous physical activity recommendations.