Enhanced radiosensitivity of pancreatic cancer achieved through inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Overcoming radioresistance is a critical challenge in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our study investigates the targeting of Cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) through genetic and pharmaceutical inhibition to radiosensitize PDAC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mass spectrometry and phosphoproteomics were used to analyze engineered radiation-resistant PDAC cell lines (MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1) compared to parental controls. The TCGA PDAC database was queried for clinical outcomes and patients were dichotomized based on the median CDK1 mRNA expression. We generated a microRNA-based TET-on inducible shRNA to inhibit CDK1 expression in two PDAC cell lines. We used an orthotopic model of PDAC to test the radiation sensitivity of PDAC tumors with or without doxycycline treatment. We targeted CDK1 activation with a selective CDK1 inhibitor, RO-3306, followed by in vitro experiments employing immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, and clonogenic assays. RESULTS: Phosphoproteomics analysis revealed that phospho-CDK1 (Tyr15) was significantly elevated in the resistant clones. We found that high CDK1 expression was associated with worse OS in PDAC patients. Radiation exposure increased CDK1 phosphorylation. In MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, CDK1 inhibition synergized with radiation therapy to delay tumor growth in vivo. CDK1 inhibition via. RO-3306 resulted in a significant shift of cells into the G2/M phase and disrupted DNA repair after radiation exposure. In vitro, pre-treatment with RO-3306 led to enhanced radiosensitivity of PDAC cells. CONCLUSION: CDK1 plays a crucial role in PDAC radioresistance. Targeting CDK1 with radiotherapy holds promise for further investigation in PDAC treatment.

RAS-RAF-miR-296-3p signaling axis increases Rad18 expression to augment radioresistance in pancreatic and thyroid cancers.

Oncogenic RAS and RAF signaling has been implicated in contributing to radioresistance in pancreatic and thyroid cancers. In this study, we sought to better clarify molecular mechanisms contributing to this effect. We discovered that miRNA 296-3p (miR-296-3p) is significantly correlated with radiosensitivity in a panel of pancreatic cancer cells, and miR-296-3p is highly expressed in normal cells, but low in cancer cell lines. Elevated expression of miR-296-3p increases radiosensitization while decreasing the expression of the DNA repair enzyme RAD18 in both pancreatic and thyroid cancer cells. RAD18 is overexpressed in both pancreatic and thyroid tumors compared to matched normal controls, and high expression of RAD18 in tumors is associated with poor prognostic features. Modulating the expression of mutant KRAS in pancreatic cancer cells or mutant BRAF in thyroid cancer cells demonstrates a tight regulation of RAD18 expression in both cancer types. Depletion of RAD18 results in DNA damage and radiation-induced cell death. Importantly, RAD18 depletion in combination with radiotherapy results in marked and sustained tumor regression in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer orthotopic tumors and BRAF mutant thyroid heterotopic tumors. Overall, our findings identify a novel coordinated RAS/RAF-miR-296-3p-RAD18 signaling network in pancreatic and thyroid cancer cells, which leads to enhanced radioresistance.

Relato de caso: persistência da artéria isquiática completa bilateral associada à degeneração aneurismática / Case report: persistent bilateral complete sciatic artery associated with aneurysmal degeneration

Resumo A persistência da artéria isquiática é uma anomalia congênita rara, com poucos casos descritos na literatura. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a variação embriológica observada no sistema circulatório de membros inferiores da paciente observada. A descrição anatômica foi realizada a partir da revisão de prontuário e exames de imagem. O presente caso relata uma paciente feminina, de 63 anos de idade, admitida em serviço de pronto atendimento com queixa de dor importante em membro inferior direito, com extremidade fria e pálida e presença de equimose em dorso do pé. Realizou-se duplex scan que evidenciou ausência de fluxo detectável nas artérias tibial anterior e fibular, e padrão tardus parvus na artéria tibial posterior. A paciente evoluiu com perda de movimentação e cianose fixa no pé direito e foi encaminhada para tromboembolectomia de urgência, entretanto, após o procedimento, não foi visualizado reperfusão adequada. No primeiro pós-operatório, foi realizada angiotomografia, que evidenciou persistência da artéria isquiática bilateralmente, com degeneração aneurismática parcialmente trombosada e ausência de opacificação do sistema arterial à jusante do aneurisma. No terceiro dia pós-operatório, a paciente apresentava áreas de necrose seca em membro, sem perfusão até tornozelo, e foi submetida à amputação transfemoral. Apesar de ser uma condição rara, apresenta grande importância clínica devido a suas altas taxas de complicações.

Abstract Persistent sciatic artery is a rare congenital anomaly, with few cases described in the literature. This study presents a case of this embryological variation observed in a patient's lower limb circulatory system. The anatomical description is based on a review of medical records and imaging exams. This case report describes a 63-year-old female patient admitted to the emergency department complaining of severe pain in the right lower limb, with a cold, pale extremity and ecchymosis on the dorsum of the foot. Duplex ultrasound showed no detectable flow in the anterior tibial and fibular arteries and a tardus parvus pattern in the posterior tibial artery. The patient developed loss of movement and fixed cyanosis in the right foot and was referred for urgent thromboembolectomy. However, adequate reperfusion was not seen after the procedure. Angiotomography was performed on the first postoperative day, showing bilateral persistence of the sciatic artery, with aneurysmal degeneration, partially thrombosed, and no opacification of the arterial system downstream of the aneurysm. By the third postoperative day, the patient had developed areas of dry necrosis in the limb, with no perfusion to the ankle, and underwent transfemoral amputation. Despite being a rare condition, it is of great clinical importance because of the high complication rates.

Trends in suicide rates in Brazil from 1997 to 2015

Objectives: To analyze time trends of suicide rates in Brazil overall and in Brazilian states and compare the estimated suicide rates projected for 2020 with the World Health Organization (WHO) Mental Health Action Plan target. Methods: This was an ecological time-series study from 1997 to 2015, stratified by Brazilian states, specific age groups, and sex. Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade [SIM]) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Polynomial regression models were used to analyze the trends in suicide rates and to project suicide rates for 2020. Results: Considering 224 units of analysis, 21 (9.4%) showed a decreasing trend, 108 (48.2%) were stable, and 95 (42.4%) showed an increasing trend. Thus, 67% of units of analysis will not meet the WHO target in 2020. Mean suicide rates were higher in males than in females. People aged 60 years and older presented the highest suicide rates, while 84.7% of total deaths by suicide occurred among 15-to-59-year-olds. Conclusion: Overall, 90.6% of units of analysis had a stable or increasing trend in suicide rates from 1997 to 2015. If these trends remain, most of Brazil will fail to achieve the WHO-recommended reduction in suicide rates by 2020.

Value of the intraoperative cytology examination of sentinel lymph node in breast cancer / Valor do exame citológico intraoperatório do linfonodo sentinela no câncer de mama

Objective: Evaluate the value of imprint cytology in the intraoperative analysis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients with breast cancer. Methods: An agreement study for the evaluation of the imprint cytology technique as a diagnostic test for intraoperative SLN among patients diagnosed with breast cancer from January 2007 to January 2017. Results: We studied 210 cases of breast cancer patients submitted to intraoperative sentinel node imprint cytology, aged between 24 and 86 years (mean age 59 years and median age 60 years). The sensitivity of the intraoperative study was 58.3% (95%CI 46.1­69.8%) and the specificity was 97.8% (95%CI 93.8­99.5). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 93.3% (95%CI 81.7­98.6) and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 81.8% (95%CI 75.1­87.4). From the analyzed variables, the presence of macrometastasis was the only one that significantly increased the sensitivity of the imprint to 73.2% (95%CI 59.7­84.2), while micrometastasis presented a sensitivity of only 6.3% (95%CI 0.2­30.2). Conclusion: The use of imprint cytology in the intraoperative SLN study showed good accuracy in predicting axillary status. However, the surgeon and pathologist are fully aware of the set of clinical and histological variables that can influence the sensitivity of the method.

Objetivo: Avaliar o valor do imprint citológico na análise intraoperatória do linfonodo sentinela (LS) em pacientes com câncer de mama. Métodos: Estudo de concordância para avaliação da técnica do imprint citológico como teste diagnóstico do LS no intraoperatório, entre pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de mama, no período de janeiro de 2007 a janeiro de 2017. Resultados: Foram estudados 210 casos de pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas à citologia de impressão (IC) do linfonodo sentinela no intraoperatório, com idade entre 24 e 86 anos (média de 59 anos e mediana de 60 anos). A sensibilidade do estudo intraoperatório foi de 58,3% (IC95% 46,1­69,8) e a especificidade de 97,8% (IC95% 93,8­99,5). O valor preditivo positivo (VPP) foi de 93,3% (IC95% 81,7­98,6) e o valor preditivo negativo (VPN) de 81,8% (IC95% 75,1­87,4%). Das variáveis analisadas, a presença de macrometástase foi a única que aumentou significativamente a sensibilidade do imprint para 73,2% (IC95%, 59,7­84,2%), enquanto na micrometástase apresentou sensibilidade de apenas 6,3% (IC95% 0,2­30,2). Conclusão: A utilização do imprint citológico no estudo intraoperatório do LS apresentou boa acurácia na previsão do status axilar. Entretanto, é importante o pleno conhecimento, pelo cirurgião e patologista, do conjunto de variáveis clínicas e histológicas que podem influenciar a sensibilidade do método

A Skin Cancer Prevention Facial-Aging Mobile App for Secondary Schools in Brazil: Appearance-Focused Interventional Study.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of melanoma is increasing faster than any other major cancer both in Brazil and worldwide. Southeast Brazil has especially high incidences of melanoma, and early detection is low. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a primary risk factor for developing melanoma. Increasing attractiveness is a major motivation among adolescents for tanning. A medical student-delivered intervention that takes advantage of the broad availability of mobile phones and adolescents' interest in their appearance indicated effectiveness in a recent study from Germany. However, the effect in a high-UV index country with a high melanoma prevalence and the capability of medical students to implement such an intervention remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: In this pilot study, our objective was to investigate the preliminary success and implementability of a photoaging intervention to prevent skin cancer in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: We implemented a free photoaging mobile phone app (Sunface) in 15 secondary school classes in southeast Brazil. Medical students "mirrored" the pupils' altered 3-dimensional (3D) selfies reacting to touch on tablets via a projector in front of their whole grade accompanied by a brief discussion of means of UV protection. An anonymous questionnaire capturing sociodemographic data and risk factors for melanoma measured the perceptions of the intervention on 5-point Likert scales among 356 pupils of both sexes (13-19 years old; median age 16 years) in grades 8 to 12 of 2 secondary schools in Brazil. RESULTS: We measured more than 90% agreement in both items that measured motivation to reduce UV exposure and only 5.6% disagreement: 322 (90.5%) agreed or strongly agreed that their 3D selfie motivated them to avoid using a tanning bed, and 321 (90.2%) that it motivated them to improve their sun protection; 20 pupils (5.6%) disagreed with both items. The perceived effect on motivation was higher in female pupils in both tanning bed avoidance (n=198, 92.6% agreement in females vs n=123, 87.2% agreement in males) and increased use of sun protection (n=197, 92.1% agreement in females vs n=123, 87.2% agreement in males) and independent of age or skin type. All medical students involved filled in a process evaluation revealing that they all perceived the intervention as effective and unproblematic, and that all pupils tried the app in their presence. CONCLUSIONS: The photoaging intervention was effective in changing behavioral predictors for UV protection in Brazilian adolescents. The predictors measured indicated an even higher prospective effectiveness in southeast Brazil than in Germany (>90% agreement in Brazil vs >60% agreement in Germany to both items that measured motivation to reduce UV exposure) in accordance with the theory of planned behavior. Medical students are capable of complete implementation. A randomized controlled trial measuring prospective effects in Brazil is planned as a result of this study.

Factors associated with opinions in favor of (or against) legalizing marihuana in a sample of university lecturers and students / Fatores associados à opinião favorável (ou contrária) à liberação da maconha em uma amostra de docentes e discentes universitários / Factores asociados a la opinión favorable (o contraria) a la liberación de la marihuana en una muestra de docentes y discentes universitarios

The objective was to discover factors associated with opinions in favor of (or against) legalizing marihuana in a sample of university lecturers and students. This was a cross-sectional exploratory-descriptive study with a quantitative approach, of 288 undergraduate lecturers and students in Nursing and Law in a private higher education institution in Teresina, PI. The data were collected in 2014 using a self-applied questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program. The main results show that the majority were female, with a mean age of 25 years, single, Catholic and approximately 75% were against legalizing marihuana. It was concluded that, in Brazil, there is a lack of research on the topic of legalizing marihuana, especially concerning the views of lecturers and students in higher education.

Objetivou-se conhecer fatores associados à opinião favorável (ou contrária) à liberação da maconha, em uma amostra de docentes e discentes universitários. Estudo exploratório-descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, com 288 docentes e discentes dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem e Direito de uma instituição de ensino superior privada, em Teresina, PI. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autoaplicável, em 2014, e analisados no programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Os principais resultados revelaram que a maioria era do sexo feminino, média de 25 anos, solteiros, católicos e aproximadamente 70% mostraram-se contrários à liberação da maconha. Conclui-se que há carência de pesquisas sobre o tema da liberação da maconha no Brasil, principalmente em relação à visão de docentes e discentes de nível superior.

Se objetivó conocer factores asociados a la opinión favorable (O contraria) a la liberación de la marihuana, en una muestra de docentes y discentes universitarios. Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo, con 288 docentes y discentes de los cursos de graduación en Enfermería y Derecho de una institución de enseñanza superiora privada, en Teresina, PI. Los datos fueron colectados por medio de cuestionario autoaplicable, en 2014, y analizados en el programa estadístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Los principales resultados revelaron que la mayoría era del sexo femenino, media de 25 años, solteros, católicos y aproximadamente 70% se mostraron contrarios a la liberación de la marihuana. Se concluye que hay carencia de investigaciones sobre el tema de la liberación de la marihuana en Brasil, principalmente con relación a la visión de docentes y discentes de nivel superior.

Dynamic network data envelopment analysis for university hospitals evaluation / Análise envoltória de dados dinâmica em redes na avaliação de hospitais universitários

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To develop an assessment tool to evaluate the efficiency of federal university general hospitals. METHODS Data envelopment analysis, a linear programming technique, creates a best practice frontier by comparing observed production given the amount of resources used. The model is output-oriented and considers variable returns to scale. Network data envelopment analysis considers link variables belonging to more than one dimension (in the model, medical residents, adjusted admissions, and research projects). Dynamic network data envelopment analysis uses carry-over variables (in the model, financing budget) to analyze frontier shift in subsequent years. Data were gathered from the information system of the Brazilian Ministry of Education (MEC), 2010-2013. RESULTS The mean scores for health care, teaching and research over the period were 58.0%, 86.0%, and 61.0%, respectively. In 2012, the best performance year, for all units to reach the frontier it would be necessary to have a mean increase of 65.0% in outpatient visits; 34.0% in admissions; 12.0% in undergraduate students; 13.0% in multi-professional residents; 48.0% in graduate students; 7.0% in research projects; besides a decrease of 9.0% in medical residents. In the same year, an increase of 0.9% in financing budget would be necessary to improve the care output frontier. In the dynamic evaluation, there was progress in teaching efficiency, oscillation in medical care and no variation in research. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model generates public health planning and programming parameters by estimating efficiency scores and making projections to reach the best practice frontier.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Desenvolver ferramenta de avaliação de eficiência de hospitais universitários federais de perfil geral. MÉTODOS A análise envoltória de dados, técnica de programação linear, constrói uma fronteira de melhores práticas pela comparação da produção observada dadas as quantidades de recursos despendidas. O modelo é orientado a produto, e considera retornos variáveis de escala. A análise envoltória de dados em redes considera variáveis de ligação que pertencem a mais de uma dimensão (no modelo, médicos residentes, internações ajustadas e projetos de pesquisa). A análise envoltória de dados dinâmica usa variáveis de transporte (no modelo, receita) para analisar o deslocamento da fronteira em anos subsequentes. Os dados foram coletados do sistema de informações do MEC, 2010 a 2013. RESULTADOS Os escores médios de assistência, ensino e pesquisa no período foram: 58,0%, 86,0% e 61,0%, respectivamente. Em 2012, ano de melhor desempenho, para que todas as unidades atingissem a fronteira, seria necessário aumento médio de consultas de 65,0%; de internações, de 34,0%; de alunado de graduação, de 12,0%, de residência multiprofissional, de 13,0%, de pós-graduação, de 48,0%; de projetos de pesquisa, de 7,0%; além de queda de 9,0% de residentes médicos. No mesmo ano, para melhora da fronteira de produção assistencial, seria necessária a injeção de um aporte adicional de receita de 0,9%. Observou-se progressão da eficiência no ensino; oscilação na assistência e estagnação na pesquisa na avaliação dinâmica. CONCLUSÕES O modelo proposto gera parâmetros de planejamento e programação em saúde pública por meio do cálculo dos escores de eficiência e das projeções necessárias para alcance das fronteiras de melhores práticas.

Regulação e ativação das células satélites durante a regeneração muscular / Regulation and activation of satellite cells during musculoskeletal regeneration

Os avanços da biologia molecular, biologia celular e genética tem melhorado muito a nossa compreensão da biologia do músculo esquelético, demonstrando que as características biológicas das células satélites (CSs) são fundamentais no processo de regeneração muscular. O potencial terapêutico destas células vem sendo discutido pela literatura, por isso o entendimento do metabolismo e a regulação das células precursoras das fibras musculares merece atenção. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão narrativa é apresentar aspectos relacionados aos fatores de regulação das células satélites durante o processo de regeneração do músculo esquelético. A regeneração do músculo esquelético é um processo orquestrado que envolve a ativação e diferenciação das CSs. As interações celulares ocorrem com os diversos fatores miogênicos, de crescimento e hormonais. Entre eles destacam-se o HGF (fator de crescimento hepatocitário), IGF (fator de crescimento semelhante a insulina), MRFs (fatores regulatórios miogênicos), IL-6 (interleucina-6), VEGF (fator de crescimento vascular endotelial), Myf5 (fator miogênico 5), MRf4 (fator miogênico 4), MyoD (fator miogênico 1), androgênios e outros hormônios como a insulina. Todos estes fatores são dinâmicos e podem levar a uma maior compreensão da participação dessas células nos processos de regeneração tecidual. A interação com essas células promove ações positivas e negativas, levando a ativação ou inibição de suas atividades. O processo inflamatório e os fatores de crescimento atuam positivamente na diferenciação e proliferação celular. Entretanto, anti-inflamatórios, glicocorticoides e hormônios tireoidianos (T3) em excesso podem alterar o ciclo dessas células essenciais para o remodelamento tecidual. O entendimento de suas relações com as alterações fenotípicas e a sinalização que induzem modificações musculares é importante para o planejamento de estratégias de reabilitação e futuras terapias celulares.(AU)

The advance of molecular biology, cell biology and genetics has greatly improved our understanding of skeletal muscle biology, demonstrating that the biological characteristics of satellite cells (SCs) are essential in muscle regeneration. The therapeutic potential of these cells has been discussed in the literature, so the understanding of metabolism and regulation of precursor cells of the muscle fibers requires attention. The aim of this narrative review is to show aspects related to the regulatory factors of satellite cells during the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Regeneration of skeletal muscle is an orchestrated process involving the activation and differentiation of SCs. The cellular interactions occur with various myogenic factors, growth factors and hormones. Stand out from HGF (Hepatocyte growth factor), IGF (insulin-like growth factor), MRFs (myogenic regulatory factors), IL-6 (interleukin-6), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), Myf5 (myogenic factor 5), MRF4 (myogenic factor 4), MyoD (myogenic factor 1), androgens and other hormones such as insulin. All these factors are dynamic and can lead to a greater understanding of the role of cells in tissue regeneration processes. The interaction with these cells promotes positive and negative actions, leading to activation or inhibition of its activities. The inflammation and growth factors act positively on cell differentiation and proliferation. However, antiinflammatory, glucocorticoid and excess thyroid hormone (T3) may change the cycle of these cells essential to tissue remodeling. Understanding their relationship with the phenotypic changes and the signs inducing muscle changes is important for planning rehabilitation strategies and future cell therapies.(AU)

Institucionalização, inovação e compartilhamento na gestão da política estadual da educação permanente, noestado do Tocantins: um projeto de intervenção / Institutionalization, innovation and sharing in the management of state policy of continuing education, noestado Tocantins: an intervention project

Esta dissertação de mestrado profissional caracterizou-se como um projeto de intervenção, cujo intuito foi orientar a construção de mudanças no processo de implementação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente no Estado do Tocantins, reestruturando o processo de formulação do Plano Estadual de Educação Permanente do Tocantins, visando ampliar a participação das instâncias colegiadas,à luz da realidade local e das diretrizes da PNEPS. A partir da construção do marco teórico referencial, realizou-se um estudo exploratório, composto por entrevistas abertas e um grupo focal, por meio do qual buscou-se compreender como se dava esse processo no estado, até então,produzindo insumos para a análise e reflexão sobre os elementos que poderiam contribuir para qualificação da gestão. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, elaborou-se um plano de ação para viabilizar as mudanças pretendidas. As 14 (quatorze) ações realizadas produziram 22 (vinte e dois) produtos. A efetivação deste trabalho permitiu concluir que a institucionalização dos processos de trabalho na implementação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente se dá com atores/instâncias participativas empoderadas e com ocompartilhamento da gestão.

Antenatal diagnosis of congenital hepatic hemangioma: a case report.

Hepatic tumors in children account for only 1 to 5% of all pediatric tumors. Hepatic hemangioma is, however, the third most common tumor of the liver in childhood. We report a case of an antenatal diagnosis of a hepatic tumor detected on a first obstetric ultrasound, at 26(th) week of gestation. It revealed a complex, predominantly solid hepatic lesion with 3 x 3 cm and a marked, essentially peripheral, Doppler blood flow. Fetal echocardiography showed a normal heart besides a vena cava displacement by the hepatic mass. Fetal Hepatic hemangioma was suspected. Follow-up ultrasounds were unchanged. Pregnancy evolved well. At 36 weeks of gestation was spontaneously delivered a 3300 g boy whose examination revealed a visible thoracoabdominal circulation and a palpable liver. No skin lesions, namely hemangiomas or petechiae were identified. Postnatal magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of Hepatic hemangioma. Treatment was initiated with prednisolone followed by interferon. After 2 years, there is no active lesion.

Sigmoid colon perforation at CT colonography secondary to a possible obstructive mechanism: report of a case.

We report a case of colonic perforation in CT colonography, which was observed in a sigmoid colon segment contained within an inguinal hernia. At surgery, apart from the perforation, a normal large-bowel wall was found. Although rare, perforation may occur in patients with normal bowel wall, possibly resulting from a mechanical strain caused by gaseous overdistention. Radiologists performing the procedure must be aware of this possibility.

Prótese peniana / Penile prosthesis

A disfunção erétil do pênis é uma condição de alta prevalência na população mascuina a partir dos 50 anos de idade, principalmente em pacientes portadores de arteriosclerose, diabetes e naqueles submetidos a cirurgias pélvicas, como prostatectomia radical ou amputação abdominoperineal. Várias formas de tratamento clínico e cirúrgico estão disponíveis para este tipo de paciente. A utilização de próteses penianas é uma alternativa segura e eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com disfunção erétil. Neste artigo é realizada uma revisão dos principais tipos de prótese, as indicações para a sua utilização, dos cuidados pré, per ou pós-operatórios em pacientes que se submeterão a este tipo de cirurgia, bem como dos seus resultados e complicações.

Liver haemangioma: common and uncommon findings and how to improve the differential diagnosis.

Haemangiomas are common focal liver lesions, generally detected in the work-up of asymptomatic patients. From the pathological point of view, they can be classified as small (capillary) or large, with cavernous vascular spaces that may show thrombosis, calcifications and hyalinisation. The polymorphic imaging appearance of haemangiomas depends on their histological features and flow pattern. The widespread use of cross-sectional imaging has allowed an increased detection rate and a better characterisation of this benign tumour. Recent developments of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) providing high spatial and temporal resolution, together with the use of new contrast agents and/or pulse sequences has broadened the spectrum of imaging findings, contributing to diagnostic refinement in difficult cases. The scope of the present article is to provide an overview of the range of appearances of haemangiomas, explored with recent cross-sectional imaging modalities, emphasising its atypical findings as explored by temporally resolved contrast-enhanced imaging.

Port site recurrence after laparoscopic adrenalectomy for metastatic melanoma

Port site metastasis after adrenal surgery is a rare entity. We describe the case of a 70-year-old man with a solitary adrenal metastasis from malignant melanoma, which was laparoscopically removed. Twelve months later, he presented a recurrence near one of the laparoscopic port sites. This lesion was surgically removed and after a 18-month follow-up, the patient presents no evidence of disease.

Port site recurrence after laparoscopic adrenalectomy for metastatic melanoma.

Port site metastasis after adrenal surgery is a rare entity. We describe the case of a 70-year-old man with a solitary adrenal metastasis from malignant melanoma, which was laparoscopically removed. Twelve months later, he presented a recurrence near one of the laparoscopic port sites. This lesion was surgically removed and after a 18-month follow-up, the patient presents no evidence of disease.

Laparoscopic removal of seminal vesicle cyst with ectopic ureteral insertion and renal remnant.

Seminal vesicle cysts associated with ectopic ureter and renal agenesis is a rare condition. We report on a 23-year-old man with a history of pelvic discomfort and post-coital testicular pain. The investigation disclosed a left seminal vesicle cyst, and an absent left kidney. The patient was successful submitted to resection of the left seminal vesicle, ureter, and dysplastic renal tissue altogether, through laparoscopic approach. Laparoscopy has shown to be an excellent treatment option for this rare condition.