Influence of surgical decompression on the expression of inflammatory and tissue repair biomarkers in periapical cysts.

OBJECTIVE: The biologic effects of surgical decompression on the epithelium and connective tissues of periapical cysts are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of tissue repair and inflammatory biomarkers in periapical cysts before and after surgical decompression. STUDY DESIGN: Nine specimens of periapical cysts treated with decompression before undergoing complete enucleation were immunohistochemically analyzed to investigate the expression of interleukin-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-ß1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Ki-67, and epidermal growth factor receptor. Expression of the biomarkers was classified as positive, focal, or negative. Ki-67 immunoexpression was calculated as a cell proliferation index. The expression of the biomarkers was compared in the specimens from decompression and from the final surgical procedure. RESULTS: Computed tomography demonstrated that volume was reduced in all cysts after decompression. There were no differences in the immunoexpression of the proinflammatory and tissue repair biomarkers when comparing the specimens obtained before and after the decompression. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical decompression was efficient in reducing the volume of periapical cysts before complete enucleation. When comparing the specimens obtained from surgical decompression and from complete surgical removal, the immunohistochemical analysis did not show a decrease in proinflammatory biomarkers; neither did it show an increase in tissue repair biomarkers.

Clinical and radiological analysis of a series of periapical cysts and periapical granulomas diagnosed in a Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: Periapical cysts (PC) and periapical granulomas (PG) are the two most common chronic inflammatory periapical diseases, but their clinicoradiological characteristics can vary depending on the methods employed in each study. The aim of the present work was to analyze the clinical and radiological profile of a series of PC and PG diagnosed in a Brazilian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The files of two Oral Pathology laboratories were reviewed and all cases diagnosed as PG and PC were selected for the study. Clinical and radiological information were retrieved and data were tabulated and descriptively and comparatively analyzed. RESULTS: Final sample was composed by 647 inflammatory periapical lesions, including 244 PG (38%) and 403 PC (62%). The number of women affected by PG was significantly higher than the number of women affected by PC (p=0.037). Anterior region of the maxilla was the most common affected area for both entities (39% of the cases), but the most common anatomical location of PG (anterior maxilla and posterior maxilla) was different from PC (anterior maxilla and posterior mandible) (p<0.0001). Upper lateral incisor was the most affected tooth. The mean radiological size of the PC was larger than the mean radiological size of the PG (p<0.0001) and PC showed well-defined radiological images more frequently than PG (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: PC were more common than PG, both showed predilection for adult females, most lesions affected predominantly the anterior maxilla and PC presented larger mean radiological diameter and well-defined images when compared with PG. Key words:Periapical granuloma, periapical cyst, radicular cyst, diagnosis, Oral Pathology.

Infecção secundária e persistente e sua relação com o fracasso do tratamento endodôntico / The relationship between secondary and persistent infections and failure of endodontic treatments

Objetivo: O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura foi discutir a relação entre a infecção secundária e a infecção persistente e o insucesso endodôntico. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica abrangendo artigos de revisão e de pesquisa, a partir de buscas em bases de dados SciELO, Periodicos CAPES, PubMed e MedLine utilizando os seguintes descritores: endodontia, periodontite periapical, infecção. Foram incluídos artigos publicados no período de 1990 a 2016 e escritos nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. Além disso, os artigos foram selecionados após a leitura do seu resumo e a verificação da adequação do mesmo ao conteúdoa dessa revisão. Resultados: A literatura atual parece concordar que a desinfecção inadequada do sistema de canais radiculares e mecanismos de adaptação e resistência microbiana desempenham papel importante no insucesso endodôntico. Porém, a mesma ainda é controversa com relação ao papel do E. faecalis nesses casos de insucesso. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir, dentro das limitações do presente estudo, que o respeito às técnicas endodônticas é fundamental para obter sucesso e que novos estudos, utilizando proteômica, podem contribuir para esclarecer quais os principais micro-organismos envolvidos, bem como seu mecanismo de ação.

Objective: The aim of the present literature review was to discuss the relationship between secondary infections and persistent infections and endodontic treatment failure. Materials and Methods: We conducted a literature search including review articles and original research by searching the SciELO, Periódicos CAPES, PubMed and Medline databases using the following descriptors: endodontics, apical periodontitis, and infection. We included articles that were published between 1990 and 2016, and written in either English or Portuguese. Articles were selected after reading their abstracts and verifying their relevance to the review content. Results: The current literature seems to agree that inadequate disinfection of the root canal system, along with mechanisms of bacterial adaptation and resistance play an important role in endodontic treatment failure. However, there is still controversy regarding the role of Enterococcus faecalis in these failures. Conclusion: From the present study's findings, we can conclude that strict compliance to the proper endodontic techniques is fundamental for treatment success. Additionally, we believe that further studies using proteomic techniques may help fill the gaps regarding the main microorganisms associated with endodontic treatment failure as well as their mechanisms of action.

Avaliação de pacientes odontológicos para auxílio no diagnóstico precoce da osteoporose / Evaluation of dental patients to aid in early dignosis of osteoporosis

A osteoporose, doença osteometabólica mais frequente, é caracterizada pela diminuição da massa óssea e deterioração do tecido ósseo. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relevância dos exames clínico e radiográfico no auxílio do diagnóstico precoce da osteoporose. Participaram do estudo 57 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, acima dos 30 anos atendidos na Clínica da FO-UNESA. Após anamnese, os pacientes foram submetidos aos exames radiográficos. As radiografias panorâmicas foram analisadas através dos índices radiomorfométricos quantitativos e qualitativos. Conclui-se que os índices radiomorfométricos, principalmente o IMC, apresentaram maior precisão na detecção da redução da densidade óssea quando associados aos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da osteoporose.

Osteoporosis, the most common osteometabolic disease, is characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of clinical and radiographic examinations aid in early diagnosis of osteoporosis. The study included 57patients of both sexes over age 30 treated at the Clinic FO-UNESA. After interview, the patients underwent radiographic examinations. Panoramic radiographs were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative radiomorphometric indexes. We concluded that the radiomorphometric indexes, mainly IMC, were more accurate in the detection of low bone density when associated with risk factors for the development of osteoporosis.