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1.
Sante Publique ; 34(5): 643-651, 2022.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36577663

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study looks at tobacco use among persons with psychiatric disorders and its management in public psychiatric units in France. METHODS: A thematic analysis based on semi-directive interviews with 10 patients and 9 caregivers was carried out. RESULTS: Patients use tobacco to deal with their emotions and mood swings. However, mental health professionals, who only focus on mental disorders and addictions that have a direct impact on behaviors, disregard smoking addiction. Moreover, tobacco is sometimes integrated into the way services operate. However, it would be too simplistic to reduce the issue of smoking cessation to a matter of goodwill of caregivers. The structural dimension of smoking was evident, particularly in psychiatric hospitals, where it was an important bargaining chip and activity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients desire to receive individualized smoking-cessation interventions. This underlines the relevance of a public health intervention co-construction that goes beyond simply prescribing nicotine substitutes. This intervention should take into account characteristics of tobacco consumption among psychiatric patients, and the need to offer such interventions when patients are stabilized. In the meantime, psychiatric caregivers should be encouraged to engage in shared decision-making processes with patients for tobacco-use reduction and cessation.


Objectif: Cette étude s'intéresse à la place du tabagisme dans la vie des personnes porteuses de troubles psychiques et à sa prise en charge chez les patients des secteurs de psychiatrie publique en France. Méthode: L'analyse thématique est basée sur des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de 10 patients et 9 soignants. Résultats: Le tabac est vécu par les patients comme une modalité de gestion émotionnelle en lien avec leurs vicissitudes psychiques. Pour autant, les professionnels de la psychiatrie, se centrant sur les troubles psychiques et les addictions ayant un impact sur le comportement, se sentent peu concernés par cette addiction. Le tabac est d'ailleurs parfois intégré au mode de fonctionnement des services. Toutefois, réduire la question du sevrage tabagique à la bonne volonté des soignants serait simplificateur. La dimension structurelle du tabagisme ressortait notamment à l'hôpital psychiatrique, où il constituait une monnaie d'échange et une activité importante. Conclusions: L'individualisation de la prise en charge du sevrage tabagique, souhaitée par les patients, souligne la pertinence d'une co-construction d'une intervention de santé publique dépassant la seule prescription de substituts nicotiniques. Cette intervention devra tenir compte des caractéristiques de la consommation de tabac des patients pris en charge en psychiatrie, de la nécessité qu'elle soit proposée à un moment où leur état est stable, tout en accompagnant les soignants de psychiatrie pour favoriser leur engagement dans un processus de décision partagée des objectifs à atteindre en termes de consommation tabagique et de temporalité du processus de sevrage.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Psiquiatria , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Humanos , Fumar , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Fumar Tabaco
2.
Int J Clin Health Psychol ; 22(1): 100281, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34934423

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The most recent versions of the two main mental disorders classifications-the World Health Organization's ICD-11 and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5-differ substantially in their diagnostic categories related to transgender identity. ICD-11 gender incongruence (GI), in contrast to DSM-5 gender dysphoria (GD), is explicitly not a mental disorder; neither distress nor dysfunction is a required feature. The objective was compared ICD-11 and DSM-5 diagnostic requirements in terms of their sensitivity, specificity, discriminability and ability to predict the use of gender-affirming medical procedures. METHOD: A total of 649 of transgender adults in six countries completed a retrospective structured interview. RESULTS: Using ROC analysis, sensitivity of the diagnostic requirements was equivalent for both systems, but ICD-11 showed greater specificity than DSM-5. Regression analyses indicated that history of hormones and/or surgery was predicted by variables that are an intrinsic aspect of GI/GD more than by distress and dysfunction. IRT analyses showed that the ICD-11 diagnostic formulation was more parsimonious and contained more information about caseness than the DSM-5 model. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the ICD-11 position that GI/GD is not a mental disorder; additional diagnostic requirements of distress and/or dysfunction in DSM-5 reduce the predictive power of the diagnostic model.


ANTECEDENTES/OBJETIVO: Las versiones más recientes de las clasificaciones de trastornos mentales ­CIE-11 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y DSM­5 de la Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana­ difieren en sus categorías diagnósticas relacionadas con la identidad transgénero. La discordancia de género (DiscG) de la CIE-11, en contraste con la disforia de género (DisfG) del DSM-5, no es considerada un trastorno mental; el distrés y la disfunción no son características requeridas para el diagnóstico. El objetivo fue comparar los requisitos diagnósticos de la CIE-11 y el DSM-5 en términos de sensibilidad, especificidad y capacidad para discriminar casos y predecir el uso de procedimientos médicos de afirmación de género. MÉTODO: 649 adultos transgénero de seis países completaron una entrevista estructurada retrospectiva. RESULTADOS: De acuerdo con el análisis ROC, la sensibilidad de ambos sistemas fue equivalente, aunque la CIE-11 mostró mayor especificidad que el DSM-5. Los análisis de regresión indicaron que la historia de uso de hormonas o cirugía se predijo por variables intrínsecas a la DiscG/DisfG y no por el distrés o disfunción. Según los análisis de respuesta al ítem (TRi) la formación CIE-11 resulta más parsimoniosa y contiene mayor información sobre los casos. CONCLUSIONES: Se aporta evidencia a favor de que la DiscG/DisfG no es un trastorno mental; los criterios diagnósticos adicionales de distrés y/o disfunción del DSM-5 reducen su poder predictivo.

3.
Soins Psychiatr ; 37(305): 42-4, 2016.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27389433

RESUMO

The action research undertaken by health manager students at the Nice health manager training institution has helped to optimise the stay of patients with a mental disorder in general medical and surgical units. Based on the assessment of the training needs of caregivers working in these units, it enables the students to anticipate their future function.


Assuntos
Hospitais Gerais , Transtornos Mentais/enfermagem , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica , Centro Cirúrgico Hospitalar , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , França , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Capacitação em Serviço , Inquéritos e Questionários
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