Novel methodology for detecting and localizing cancer area in histopathological images based on overlapping patches.

Cancer disease is one of the most important pathologies in the world, as it causes the death of millions of people, and the cure of this disease is limited in most cases. Rapid spread is one of the most important features of this disease, so many efforts are focused on its early-stage detection and localization. Medicine has made numerous advances in the recent decades with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), reducing costs and saving time. In this paper, deep learning models (DL) are used to present a novel method for detecting and localizing cancerous zones in WSI images, using tissue patch overlay to improve performance results. A novel overlapping methodology is proposed and discussed, together with different alternatives to evaluate the labels of the patches overlapping in the same zone to improve detection performance. The goal is to strengthen the labeling of different areas of an image with multiple overlapping patch testing. The results show that the proposed method improves the traditional framework and provides a different approach to cancer detection. The proposed method, based on applying 3x3 step 2 average pooling filters on overlapping patch labels, provides a better result with a 12.9% correction percentage for misclassified patches on the HUP dataset and 15.8% on the CINIJ dataset. In addition, a filter is implemented to correct isolated patches that were also misclassified. Finally, a CNN decision threshold study is performed to analyze the impact of the threshold value on the accuracy of the model. The alteration of the threshold decision along with the filter for isolated patches and the proposed method for overlapping patches, corrects about 20% of the patches that are mislabeled in the traditional method. As a whole, the proposed method achieves an accuracy rate of 94.6%. The code is available at https://github.com/sergioortiz26/Cancer_overlapping_filter_WSI_images.

Using DCP-Rho1 as a fluorescent probe to visualize sulfenic acid-containing proteins in living plant cells.

Among the biologically relevant reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has special properties. H2O2 can diffuse across membranes, has a low reactivity, and is very stable. Deprotonated cysteine residues in proteins can be oxidized by H2O2 into a highly reactive sulfenic acid derivative (-SOH), which can react with another cysteine to form a disulfide. Under higher oxidative stress the sulfenic acid undergo further oxidation to sulfinic acid (Cys-SO2H), which can subsequently be reduced. The sulfinic acid can be hyperoxidized to sulfonic acid (Cys-SO3H), whose reduction is irreversible. Formation of sulfenic acids can have a role in sensing oxidative stress, signal transduction, modulating localization and activity to regulate protein functions. Therefore, there is an emerging interest in trying to understand the pool of proteins that result in these sorts of modification in response to oxidative stress. This is known as the sulfenome and several approaches have been developed in animal and plant cells to analyze the sulfenome under different stress responses. These approaches can be proteomic, molecular, immunological (i.e., antibodies), or expressing genetically encoded probes that specifically react to sulfenic modifications. In this chapter, we describe an additional approach that allows visualization of sulfenic modification in vivo. This is newly developed fluorescent probe DCP-Rho1 can be implemented in any plant cell to analyze the sulfenic modification.

Compilation of the Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Burkholderia Sensu Stricto.

Due to the increase in multidrug-resistant microorganisms, the investigation of novel or more efficient antimicrobial compounds is essential. The World Health Organization issued a list of priority multidrug-resistant bacteria whose eradication will require new antibiotics. Among them, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae are in the "critical" (most urgent) category. As a result, major investigations are ongoing worldwide to discover new antimicrobial compounds. Burkholderia, specifically Burkholderia sensu stricto, is recognized as an antimicrobial-producing group of species. Highly dissimilar compounds are among the molecules produced by this genus, such as those that are unique to a particular strain (like compound CF66I produced by Burkholderia cepacia CF-66) or antimicrobials found in a number of species, e.g., phenazines or ornibactins. The compounds produced by Burkholderia include N-containing heterocycles, volatile organic compounds, polyenes, polyynes, siderophores, macrolides, bacteriocins, quinolones, and other not classified antimicrobials. Some of them might be candidates not only for antimicrobials for both bacteria and fungi, but also as anticancer or antitumor agents. Therefore, in this review, the wide range of antimicrobial compounds produced by Burkholderia is explored, focusing especially on those compounds that were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity. In addition, information was gathered regarding novel compounds discovered by genome-guided approaches.

Design and Application of Automated Algorithms for Diagnosis and Treatment Optimization in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a growing healthcare problem, mainly related to an aging population worldwide and thus their increasing prevalence. In particular, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are leading neurodegenerative diseases. To aid their diagnosis and optimize treatment, we have developed a classification algorithm for AD to manipulate magnetic resonance images (MRI) stored in a large database of patients, containing 1,200 images. The algorithm can predict whether a patient is healthy, has mild cognitive impairment, or already has AD. We then applied this classification algorithm to therapeutic outcomes in PD after treatment with deep brain stimulation (DBS), to assess which stereotactic variables were the most important to consider when performing surgery in this indication. Here, we describe the stereotactic system used for DBS procedures, and compare different planning methods with the gold standard normally used (i.e., neurophysiological coordinates recorded intraoperatively). We used information collected from database of 72 DBS electrodes implanted in PD patients, and assessed the potentially most beneficial ranges of deviation within planning and neurophysiological coordinates from the operating room, to provide neurosurgeons with additional landmarks that may help to optimize outcomes: we observed that x coordinate deviation within CT scan and gold standard intra-operative neurophysiological coordinates is a robust matric to pre-assess positive therapy outcomes- "good therapy" prediction if deviation is higher than 2.5 mm. When being less than 2.5 mm, adding directly calculated variables deviation (on Y and Z axis) would lead to specific assessment of "very good therapy".

Aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19 en pacientes críticos: experiencia de un hospital público chileno / COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients: experience of a Chilean public hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se han descrito coinfecciones fúngicas por Aspergillus spp. en pacientes críticos cursando una infección por COVID-19. OBJETIVOS: Describir las características clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo con COVID-19, que cursan con aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19 (CAPA por sus siglas en inglés) en un centro hospitalario público. Pacientes y MÉTODOS: Revisión de registros clínicos durante 12 meses en pacientes con diagnóstico de CAPA mediante cultivos de muestras respiratorias o determinación de galactomanano (GM). RESULTADOS: En 11 pacientes se diagnosticó CAPA probable (score APACHE II promedio de 11,7). Las muestras respiratorias se obtuvieron en 73% de los casos por lavado broncoalveolar y en 27% por aspirado endotraqueal. Se aisló A. fumigatus en 4 cultivos, A. niger, A. terreus y Aspergillus spp en una ocasión cada uno y los cultivos fueron negativos en 4 muestras. En 7 pacientes se realizó GM de muestras respiratorias, mediana: 3,6 (RIC: 1,71 - 4,4), en 10 pacientes se realizó GM sérica, mediana: 0,5 (RIC: 0,265 - 0,975) con 50% de ellas > 0,5. Dos pacientes mostraron hallazgos sugerentes de CAPA en la tomografía computada. Todos recibieron terapia anti-fúngica con voriconazol, con una duración promedio 14 días. Cuatro pacientes fallecieron. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de CAPA debe ser un diagnóstico a considerar en pacientes críticos con COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Aspergillus spp. fungal coinfections have been described in critically ill COVID-19 patients. AIM: To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and evolution of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome with COVID-19, who present with COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in a single public hospital. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinical records during 12 months in patients diagnosed with CAPA by cultures of respiratory samples or determination of galactomannan (GM). RESULTS: Probable CAPA was diagnosed in 11 patients (average APACHE II score of 11.7). Respiratory samples were obtained in 73% of cases by bronchoalveolar lavage and in 27% by tracheal aspirate. A. fumigatus was isolated in 4 cultures, A. niger, A. terreus and Aspergillus spp on one occasion each and the cultures were negative in 4 samples. Respiratory sample GM was performed in 7 patients, median: 3.6 (IQR: 1.71 - 4.4). In 10 patients, serum GM was performed, median: 0.5 (IQR: 0.265 - 0.9 75) with 50% of them > 0.5. Two patients showed classic findings suggestive of CAPA on computed tomography. All received antifungal therapy with voriconazole, mean time 14 days. Four patients died. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of CAPA should be a diagnosis to be considered in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Sistema de gestión TO-BE: garantizar el derecho a la salud de pacientes con ITS en Perú / TO-BE management system: guaranteeing the right to health of patients with STIs in Peru

Se realizó una investigación de campo para conocer la gestión de los procesos de solicitud y admisión de citas médicas, considerando la estigmatización y discriminación de las personas ITS, con el fin de garantizar el derecho a la salud de estos pacientes en Perú. Se ejecutó la sistematización de la información sobre los procesos y mecanismos de exigibilidad, bajo los lineamientos y manuales de los cuatro procesos estratégicos del MINSA contemplados para el otorgamiento de citas médicas, siguiendo los lineamientos de Gob.Pe, Adicionalmente, mediante verificación de los procesos se construyeron la matriz entidad-relación de la gestión por procesos del SSP, y el flujograma del proceso de solicitud y otorgamiento de citas AS-ISS. Se consideraron aspectos tecnológicos-médicos-legales con la participación de 201 pacientes independientemente del motivo o patología a consultar, identificando incidentes en la eficiencia del proceso misional. Por último, se implementó el flujograma de procesos de reserva de citas médicas a través de la aplicación ejecutable para smartphones, tabletas y otros dispositivos móviles (APP) TO-BE la cual conlleva a 10 pasos desde el registro de usuario hasta la emisión de comprobante de otorgamiento de cita médica. Se analizaron las preferencias de los usuarios sobre las causas superables en el proceso misional, mediante una encuesta estructura a 170 usuarios de SSP(AU)

A field investigation was carried out to learn about the management of the processes of request and admission of medical appointments, considering the stigmatization and discrimination of STI people, in order to guarantee the right to health of these patients in Peru. The systematization of the information on the processes and mechanisms of enforceability was carried out, under the guidelines and manuals of the four strategic processes of the MINSA contemplated for the granting of medical appointments, following the guidelines of Gov. Pe, Additionally, through verification of the processes The entity-relationship matrix of the management by processes of the SSP, and the flowchart of the process of request and granting of appointments AS-ISS were constructed. Technological-medical-legal aspects were considered with the participation of 201 patients regardless of the reason or pathology to be consulted, identifying incidents in the efficiency of the missionary process. Finally, the flowchart of medical appointment reservation processes was implemented through the executable application for smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices (APP) TO-BE, which entails 10 steps from user registration to issuance of voucher of granting a medical appointment. Users' preferences regarding causes that can be overcome in the missionary process were analyzed through a structured survey of 170 SSP users(AU)

Asistencia sanitaria y servicios sociales: enseñanza y aprendizaje significativo en talleres técnicos por el método de proyecto / Healthcare and social services: meaningful teaching and learning in technical workshops by the project method

Los derechos humanos, incluyendo la concreción del derecho a la salud, en Perú, contempla el mandato dirigido a los poderes públicos para que organicen la asistencia sanitaria, como elemento causal, específico y adopten el conjunto de medidas necesarias para lograr la prevención de las enfermedades o la mejora de las condiciones sanitarias generales, mediante el método de proyecto en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje se abordan los principios rectores de la política social y económica, contenidos del Estado social, y los mecanismos de justiciabilidad y exigibilidad. Se estudió el proceso enseñanza y aprendizaje significativo sobre asistencia sanitaria y servicios sociales en los talleres técnicos, en la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas, de la Universidad Peruana Los Andes, durante el periodo lectivo 2019-II. En el egresado conlleva la interacción entre los conocimientos y la información nueva que recibe, en este proceso se construye un nuevo conocimiento o profundiza en los ya existentes. Este conocimiento es organizado y sistemático con conexiones interdisciplinarias entre ideas, se promueve desde el trabajo en equipo y colaborativo, capaz de vencer ambigüedades, complejidades y a lo impredecible; y aprovecha los recursos o herramientas de la vida real, por lo que el método de proyecto es una herramienta pedagógica aplicable a la formación del abogado(AU)

Human rights, including the realization of the right to health, in Peru, contemplates the mandate directed to the public powers to organize health care, as a causal, specific element and adopt the set of measures necessary to achieve the prevention of diseases or the improvement of general sanitary conditions, through the project method in the teaching-learning process, the guiding principles of social and economic policy, contents of the social State, and the mechanisms of justiciability and enforceability are addressed. The teaching and meaningful learning process on health care and social services was studied in technical workshops at the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Universidad Peruana Los Andes, during the 2019-II school period. In the graduate, it involves the interaction between knowledge and the new information received, in this process a new knowledge is built or deepens existing ones. This knowledge is organized and systematic with interdisciplinary connections between ideas, it is promoted from team and collaborative work, capable of overcoming ambiguities, complexities and the unpredictable; and it takes advantage of the resources or tools of the real life, reason why the project method is a pedagogical tool applicable to the training of the lawyer(AU)

Pericarditis tuberculosa: una manifestación extrapulmonar infrecuente de TBC / Tuberculous pericarditis an infrequent extrapulmonary manifestation of TB

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) contributes to 15% of total cases, representing a great diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Pericardial involvement is present in 1 to 2% of TB patients and is considered an unusual presentation form of TB. We report a 67-year-old male presenting with fever and progressive dyspnea. A chest CAT scan showed a bilateral pleural effusion and an extensive pericardial effusion. An echocardiogram showed signs of tamponade. Therefore, an emergency pericardiectomy was performed. The pathological report of pericardial tissue showed caseating necrosis and its Koch culture was positive. The patient was treated with anti-tuberculous drugs with a favorable evolution.

Cost-benefit analysis of drinking water fluoridation in 12-year-old children in the Biobío region, Chile / Análisis costo-ceneficio de la fluoración del agua potable en niños de12 años de la región del Biobío, Chile

Fluoridation has been shown to be an effective measure against caries in children. The present study evaluates the cost-benefit of the fluoridated water program for the reduction of dental caries in 12-year-old children in the Biobío Region, the only region in Chile that has not implemented this program. An economic cost-benefit evaluation was carried out, comparing two alternative interventions: non-fluoridated drinking water versus fluoridated drinking water. The prevalence of caries, direct and indirect costs of the treatments, the cost of implementing the programs and the benefits of both interventions were estimated. From this study it is concluded that the savings in oral health costs in 12-year-old children when using fluoridating drinking water in the Biobío region is significantly higher than the cost involved in implementing the water fluoridation program, resulting in total savings for the Chilean state of $129,861,645 (USD$ 152,833) as well as an estimated reduction of 15% in the history of caries in the study population.

Se ha demostrado que la fluoración es una medida efectiva contra disminución de la caries en la población infantil. La presente investigación buscó evaluar cual es el costo-beneficio del programa del agua fluorada para la disminución de caries dental en niños de 12 años de la Región del Biobío, única región de Chile que no adhiere a este programa. Se realizó una evaluación económica de costo-beneficio, comparando dos intervenciones alternativas: agua potable no fluorada versus agua potable fluorada. Para tal fin se estimó la prevalencia de caries, costos directos e indirectos de los tratamientos, el costo de implementación de los programas y el beneficio de ambas intervenciones. De este estudio se concluye que el ahorro en costos de salud bucal en niños de 12 años al fluorar el agua potable en la región del Biobío, es significativamente mayor al costo que implica la implementación del programa de fluoración de aguas, lográndose un ahorro total para el Estado de $129.861.645 (USD $152.833) así como una estimación de reducción del 15% en la historia de caries en la población de estudio.

Paraburkholderia lycopersici sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from rhizoplane of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Saladette in Mexico.

A survey of our in-house bacterial collection identified a group of six strains isolated from the tomato rhizoplane that possessed 16S rRNA gene sequences with 98.2% sequence similarity to Paraburkholderia pallida, suggesting that these strains represented a novel species. Multilocus sequence analysis using gltB, lepA and recA gene sequences showed the clustering of the strains and the BOX-PCR patterns were similar among these strains. The average nucleotide identity and the DNA-DNA virtual hybridization of strain TNe-862T was <89% and <34%, respectively, to the genomes of any sequenced Paraburkholderia species. The genome of strain TNe-862T possessed all the genes necessary for nitrogen fixation and biosynthesis of indoleacetic acid and antimicrobials terpenes, phosphonates and bacteriocins. It also contained genes for metal resistance, xenobiotic degradation, and hydrolytic enzymes such as a putative chitinase and isoamylase. Even though the strain contained potential genes for degradation of cellulose and starch, the bacterium was unable to utilize these substrates in culture medium. The genome encoded flagella and pili as well as multiple chemotaxis systems. In addition, genes encoding for the type I, II, IV, V and VI secretion systems were also present. The strains grow up to 42°C and 5% NaCl. The optimum growth pH was 8. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:0 and C18:1 ω7c. Based on this polyphasic analysis, these strains represent a novel species in the genus Paraburkholderia, for which the name Paraburkholderia lycopersici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TNe-862T (=LMG 26415T=CIP 110323T).

A Methodology for Data-Driven Decision-Making in the Monitoring of Particulate Matter Environmental Contamination in Santiago of Chile.

Atmospheric pollution derives mainly from anthropogenic activities that use combustion and may lead to adverse effects in exposed populations. It is generally accepted that air contamination causes cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity in addition to increased mortality after exposure, but other epidemiological associations have also been described, including cancer as well as reproductive and immunological toxicity. Thus the concentration of chemicals in the air must be controlled. We propose that monitoring of air quality may be achieved by employing data analytics to generate information within the context of data-driven decision making to prevent and/or adequately alert the population about possible critical episodes of air contamination. In this paper, we propose a methodology for monitoring particulate matter pollution in Santiago of Chile which is based on bivariate control charts with heavy-tailed asymmetric distributions. This methodology is useful for monitoring environmental risk when the particulate matter concentrations follow bivariate Birnbaum-Saunders or Birnbaum-Saunders-t-Student distributions. A case study with real particulate matter pollution from Santiago is provided, which shows that the methodology is suitable to alert early episodes of extreme air pollution. The results are in agreement with the critical episodes reported with the current model used by the Chilean health authority.

El controvertido complejo Burkholderia cepacia, un grupo de especies promotoras del crecimiento vegetal y patógenas de plantas, animales y humanos / The controversial Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of plant growth promoting species and plant, animals and human pathogens

El complejo Burkholderia cepacia está formado por 22 especies conocidas como patógenos oportunistas en personas inmunocomprometidas, especialmente en aquellas con fibrosis quística. También se aíslan de infecciones nosocomiales y son difíciles de erradicar debido a su capacidad intrínseca para resistir una gran variedad de antibióticos. En general, estas especies presentan genomas de gran tamaño (hasta 9 Mpb) divididos en 2-5 replicones. Esta característica aporta una gran versatilidad metabólica, que se considera importante para habitar el suelo, el agua, las plantas, incluso los nódulos en leguminosas. Algunas especies del complejo B. cepacia exhiben actividades benéficas, como biorremediación, biocontrol y promoción del crecimiento vegetal. No obstante, debido a su papel en infecciones de humanos, su uso en la agricultura está restringido. El complejo B. cepacia es un tema constante de estudio debido a su impacto en el sector salud y su potencial en la agricultura. En este trabajo se examina la historia del complejo B. cepacia y se revisa la información reciente relacionada con este grupo de bacterias.

The Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of 22 species, which are known as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised people, especially those suffering from cystic fibrosis. It is also found in nosocomial infections and is difficult to eradicate due to intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics. The species have large genomes (up to 9 Mbp), distributed into 2-5 replicons. These features significantly contribute to genome plasticity, which makes them thrive in different environments like soil, water, plants or even producing nodules in legume plants. Some B. cepacia complex species are beneficial in bioremediation, biocontrol and plant-growth promotion. However, because the B. cepacia complex is involved in human infection, its use in agriculture is restricted. B. cepacia complex is being constantly studied due to the health problems that it causes and because of its agricultural potential. In this review, the history of B. cepacia complex and the most recently published information related to this complex are revised.

Leukemia multiclass assessment and classification from Microarray and RNA-seq technologies integration at gene expression level.

In more recent years, a significant increase in the number of available biological experiments has taken place due to the widespread use of massive sequencing data. Furthermore, the continuous developments in the machine learning and in the high performance computing areas, are allowing a faster and more efficient analysis and processing of this type of data. However, biological information about a certain disease is normally widespread due to the use of different sequencing technologies and different manufacturers, in different experiments along the years around the world. Thus, nowadays it is of paramount importance to attain a correct integration of biologically-related data in order to achieve genuine benefits from them. For this purpose, this work presents an integration of multiple Microarray and RNA-seq platforms, which has led to the design of a multiclass study by collecting samples from the main four types of leukemia, quantified at gene expression. Subsequently, in order to find a set of differentially expressed genes with the highest discernment capability among different types of leukemia, an innovative parameter referred to as coverage is presented here. This parameter allows assessing the number of different pathologies that a certain gen is able to discern. It has been evaluated together with other widely known parameters under assessment of an ANOVA statistical test which corroborated its filtering power when the identified genes are subjected to a machine learning process at multiclass level. The optimal tuning of gene extraction evaluated parameters by means of this statistical test led to the selection of 42 highly relevant expressed genes. By the use of minimum-Redundancy Maximum-Relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm, these genes were reordered and assessed under the operation of four different classification techniques. Outstanding results were achieved by taking exclusively the first ten genes of the ranking into consideration. Finally, specific literature was consulted on this last subset of genes, revealing the occurrence of practically all of them with biological processes related to leukemia. At sight of these results, this study underlines the relevance of considering a new parameter which facilitates the identification of highly valid expressed genes for simultaneously discerning multiple types of leukemia.

[The controversial Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of plant growth promoting species and plant, animals and human pathogens]. / El controvertido complejo Burkholderia cepacia, un grupo de especies promotoras del crecimiento vegetal y patógenas de plantas, animales y humanos.

The Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of 22 species, which are known as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised people, especially those suffering from cystic fibrosis. It is also found in nosocomial infections and is difficult to eradicate due to intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics. The species have large genomes (up to 9 Mbp), distributed into 2-5 replicons. These features significantly contribute to genome plasticity, which makes them thrive in different environments like soil, water, plants or even producing nodules in legume plants. Some B. cepacia complex species are beneficial in bioremediation, biocontrol and plant-growth promotion. However, because the B. cepacia complex is involved in human infection, its use in agriculture is restricted. B. cepacia complex is being constantly studied due to the health problems that it causes and because of its agricultural potential. In this review, the history of B. cepacia complex and the most recently published information related to this complex are revised.

Primary Conjunctival Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Pediatric Patient.

Rhabdomyosarcomas are neoplasms with a high degree of malignancy and arise from the embryonic mesenchyme. They represent approximately 5% of all pediatric tumors and their main locations are the head and neck (45%), trunk (40%), and extremities (15%). Twenty-five percent to 30% of the head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas appear in the orbit; however, its origin from the conjunctiva is rare, with few case reports published in the literature. We present the case of a five-year-old girl with a diagnosis of primary embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma of the conjunctiva, treated with surgery and chemotherapy. After completing the treatment, it was followed up with controls for oncological ophthalmology, pediatric hematology-oncology, and radiotherapy oncology every six months with magnetic resonance of the orbits. Two years after the end of treatment, the patient is disease-free. Conjunctiva rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare lesion, with few previously reported cases. In the reported case, the histopathological findings and positivity of the different immunohistochemical markers allowed a definitive diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. The excellent prognosis of this pathology is probably linked to the early diagnosis of the disease and the timely administration of radical treatment. It is essential to be able to identify conjunctival rhabdomyosarcoma from its clinical and histopathological characteristics in order to achieve early diagnosis and provide adequate treatment to patients.

Acroqueratoelastoidosis de costa: presentación de un caso con lesiones en pabellón auricular / Coastal acrokeratoelastoidosis: presentation of a case with lesions in both auricular pavilions

La acroqueratoelastoidosis de Costa es una genodermatosis rara, caracterizada por la presencia de múltiples pápulas queratósicas, pequeñas y firmes, en los márgenes laterales de palmas y plantas. Es-tas lesiones estacionarias y asintomáticas aparecen generalmente en la pubertad. Se desconoce su prevalencia. Es de herencia autosómica dominante con expresividad variable. La histología combina hiperqueratosis y acantosis, sin embargo, el hallazgo más importante es la elastorrexis. No se aconseja tratamiento en la mayoría de los pacienes. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 61 años, sin antecedentes familiares de esta condición, que consulta por aparición en la adolescencia de lesiones hiperqueratósicas asintomáticas en márgenes laterales de ambas manos y lesiones similares en ambos pabellones auriculares.

Acrokeratoelastoidosis is a rare genodermatosis, characterized by the presence of multiple kerato-tic papules, small and firm, on the lateral margins of palms and soles. These stationary and asymptomatic lesions usually appear at puberty. Its pre-valence is unknown. It is of autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity. Histology combines hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, howe-ver, the most important finding is elastorhexis. Treatment is not advised in most patients. We report the case of a 61-year-old female patient, with no family history of this condition, who consulted for appearance in adolescence of as-ymptomatic hyperkeratotic lesions in the lateral margins of both hands and similar lesions in both auricular pavilions.

Integration of RNA-Seq data with heterogeneous microarray data for breast cancer profiling.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, many public repositories containing large microarray gene expression datasets are available. However, the problem lies in the fact that microarray technology are less powerful and accurate than more recent Next Generation Sequencing technologies, such as RNA-Seq. In any case, information from microarrays is truthful and robust, thus it can be exploited through the integration of microarray data with RNA-Seq data. Additionally, information extraction and acquisition of large number of samples in RNA-Seq still entails very high costs in terms of time and computational resources.This paper proposes a new model to find the gene signature of breast cancer cell lines through the integration of heterogeneous data from different breast cancer datasets, obtained from microarray and RNA-Seq technologies. Consequently, data integration is expected to provide a more robust statistical significance to the results obtained. Finally, a classification method is proposed in order to test the robustness of the Differentially Expressed Genes when unseen data is presented for diagnosis. RESULTS: The proposed data integration allows analyzing gene expression samples coming from different technologies. The most significant genes of the whole integrated data were obtained through the intersection of the three gene sets, corresponding to the identified expressed genes within the microarray data itself, within the RNA-Seq data itself, and within the integrated data from both technologies. This intersection reveals 98 possible technology-independent biomarkers. Two different heterogeneous datasets were distinguished for the classification tasks: a training dataset for gene expression identification and classifier validation, and a test dataset with unseen data for testing the classifier. Both of them achieved great classification accuracies, therefore confirming the validity of the obtained set of genes as possible biomarkers for breast cancer. Through a feature selection process, a final small subset made up by six genes was considered for breast cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This work proposes a novel data integration stage in the traditional gene expression analysis pipeline through the combination of heterogeneous data from microarrays and RNA-Seq technologies. Available samples have been successfully classified using a subset of six genes obtained by a feature selection method. Consequently, a new classification and diagnosis tool was built and its performance was validated using previously unseen samples.

Condiciones maternas y resultados perinatales en gestantes con riesgo de preeclampsia - eclampsia / Maternal Conditions and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women at Risk of Preeclampsia - Eclampsia

Introducción: la preeclampsia-eclampsia aún es una de las causas principales de morbimortalidad materno y perinatal. Objetivo: caracterizar las condiciones maternas y resultados perinatales en gestantes con riesgos de preeclampsia-eclampsia. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo realizado en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico "Mariana Grajales" de Villa Clara, Cuba desde noviembre del 2013 hasta noviembre del 2015. La muestra quedó conformada por 158 gestantes que en el momento de la captación se le diagnosticó dos o más factores de riesgo de preeclampsia-eclampsia. Resultados: la edad promedio estuvo entre los 27 y 31 años. La edad gestacional fue similar, tanto para las que presentaron algún episodio de preeclampsia como para las que no lo hicieron. La hipertensión arterial fue la enfermedad asociada de mayor prevalencia (20,9 por ciento). La multiparidad, la primipaternidad, el antecedente de primera línea de la madre de haber presentado algún evento preeclámptico y la malnutrición por exceso, resultaron los antecedentes fundamentales en la muestra. Las alteraciones en las variables del Doppler mostraron valores no despreciables. La vía del parto predominante fue la abdominal por cesárea y la mayoría de las pacientes tuvieron recién nacidos con peso promedio de 2932 g, no se evidenciaron complicaciones representativas maternas y perinatales. Conclusiones: se concluye que existen condiciones maternas como antecedentes de hipertensión arterial crónica, multiparidad, primipaternidad, antecedentes familiares de preeclampsia en las madres de las gestantes y malnutrición por exceso que constituyen factores de riesgo de preeclampsia - eclampsia; lo que repercute en la evolución del embarazo y en los resultados perinatales(AU)

Introduction: Preeclampsia-eclampsia is still one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: Characterize maternal conditions and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with preeclampsia-eclampsia risks. Methods: A descriptive, prospective study was performed at Mariana Grajales Gynecobstetric Hospital in Villa Clara, Cuba, from November 2013 to November 2015. The sample consisted of 158 pregnant women who were diagnosed with two or more risk factors of preeclampsia-eclampsia at timely care for pregnancy. Results: The average age was between 27 and 31 years. Gestational age was similar, both for those who had an episode of preeclampsia and those who did not. High blood pressure was the most prevalent associated disease (20.9 percent). Multiparity, primipaternity, the mother's first-line antecedent of having presented some preeclamptic event and excess malnutrition resulted in the fundamental antecedents in the sample. Alterations in Doppler variables showed non-negligible values. The predominant way of delivery was the abdominal cesarean section and the majority of the patients had newborns with an average weight of 2932 gr, no maternal and perinatal complications were evident. Conclusions: maternal conditions such as chronic hypertension, multiparity, primipaternity, family history of preeclampsia in pregnant women's mothers and excess malnutrition constitute risk factors for preeclampsia - eclampsia affecting the evolution of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes(AU)