Potential antiprostatic performance of novel lanthanide-complexes based on 5-nitropicolinic acid.

Two new lanthanide-complexes based on the 5-nitropicolinate ligand (5-npic) were obtained and fully characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that these compounds are isostructural to a Dy-complex, previously published by us, based on dinuclear monomers link together with an extended hydrogen bond network, providing a final chemical formula of [Ln2(5-npic)6(H2O)4]·(H2O)2, where Ln = Dy (1), Gd (2), and Tb (3). Preliminary photoluminescent studies exhibited a ligand-centered emission for all complexes. The potential antitumoral activity of these materials was assayed in a prostatic cancer cell line (PC-3; the 2nd most common male cancerous disease), showing a significant anticancer activity (50-60% at 500 µg·mL-1). In turn, a high biocompatibility by both, the complexes and their precursors in human immunological HL-60 cells, was evidenced. In view of the strongest toxic effect in the tumoral cell line provided by the free 5-npic ligand (~ 40-50%), the overall anticancer complex performance seems to be triggered by the presence of this molecule.

Modulating anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties by designing a family of metal-complexes based on 5-nitropicolinic acid.

A new family of six complexes based on 5-nitropicolinic acid (5-npic) and transition metals has been obtained: [M(5-npic)2]n (MII = Mn (1) and Cd (2)), [Cu(5-npic)2]n (3), and [M(5-npic)2(H2O)2] (MII = Co (4), Ni (5), and Zn (6)), which display 1D, 2D, and mononuclear structures, respectively, thanks to different coordination modes of 5-npic. After their physicochemical characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), elemental analyses (EA), and spectroscopic techniques, quantum chemical calculations using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) were performed to further study the luminescence properties of compounds 2 and 6. The potential anticancer activity of all complexes was tested against three tumor cell lines, B16-F10, HT29, and HepG2, which are models widely used for studying melanoma, colon cancer, and liver cancer, respectively. The best results were found for compounds 2 and 4 against B16-F10 (IC50 = 26.94 and 45.10 µg mL-1, respectively). In addition, anti-inflammatory studies using RAW 264.7 cells exhibited promising activity for 2, 3, and 6 (IC50 NO = 5.38, 24.10, and 17.63 µg mL-1, respectively). This multidisciplinary study points to complex 2, based on CdII, as a promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory material.

Towards a More Efficient Breast Cancer Therapy Using Active Human Cell Membrane-Coated Metal-Organic Frameworks.

The recent description of well-defined molecular subtypes of breast cancer has led to the clinical development of a number of successful molecular targets. Particularly, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer with historically poor outcomes, mainly due to the lack of effective targeted therapies. Recent progresses in materials science have demonstrated the impressive properties of metal-organic framework nanoparticles (NPs) as antitumoral drug delivery systems. Here, in a way to achieve efficient bio-interfaces with cancer cells and improve their internalization, benchmarked MIL-100(Fe) NPs were coated with cell membranes (CMs) derived from the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468. The prepared CMs-coated metal-organic framework (CMs_MIL-100(Fe)) showed enhanced colloidal stability, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-468 cells compared to non-coated NPs, paving the way for these human CMs-coated MIL-100(Fe) NPs as effective targeted therapies against the challenging TNBC.

Long-lasting insecticidal activity in plants driven by chlorogenic acid-loaded metal-organic frameworks.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess a variety of interesting features related to their composition and structure that make them excellent candidates to be used in agriculture. However, few studies have reported their use as delivery agents of agrochemicals. In this work, the natural polyphenol chlorogenic acid (CGA) was entrapped via simple impregnation in the titanium aminoterephthalate MOF, MIL-125-NH2. A combination of experimental and computational techniques was used to understand and quantify the encapsulated CGA in MIL-125-NH2. Subsequently, CGA delivery studies were carried out in water at different pHs, showing a fast release of CGA during the first 2 h (17.3 ± 0.3% at pH = 6.5). In vivo studies were also performed against larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), evidencing the long-lasting insecticidal activity of CGA@MIL-125-NH2. This report demonstrates the potential of MOFs in the efficient release of agrochemicals, and paves the way to their study against in vivo models.

Validez convergente y discriminante del síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo en maestros mexicanos

Objetivo: explorar la validez convergente y discriminante del maslach burnout Inventory human services survey (MBI-HSS) y del Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) en población mexicana. Método: Se evaluaron 483 profesores de 100 escuelas de educación básica (primarias y secundarias) de la Ciudad de México. Se utilizó el CESQT validado en México por Gil-Monte, Unda y Sandoval (2009) y el MBI-HSS validado en población mexicana por Placencia et al. (2013), ambos son escalas likert que presentaron una confiabilidad aceptable. En el análisis de datos se realizó una matriz multirasgo-multimétodo (MRMM), que es un enfoque desarrollado por Campbell y Fiske (1959) para analizar la validez convergente y divergente. Resultados: En la MRMM se presentaron correlaciones significativas, positivas y diferentes a cero entre los mismos rasgos medidos por diferente método, Ilusión por el trabajo y realización personal (r=0,40**) desgaste psíquico y cansancio emocional (r=0,87**), e Indolencia y Despersonalización (r=0,52**) lo cual supone validez convergente, además, se pueden observar que todas las Alfas de Cronbach son aceptables salvo la de Despersonalización (subescala del MBI). El MBI-HSS presenta recurrentemente Alfas de Cronbach inferiores a 70 % en la subescala de despersonalización, en especial en población no angloparlante. Conclusión: Conforme a los resultados del presente estudio y las dificultades psicométricas presentadas por el MBI-HSS, se concluye que el CESQT es el instrumento recomendado para la evaluación del Burnout en población mexicana.

Objective: to explore the convergent and discriminant validity of the maslach burnout inventory human services survey (MBI-HSS) and the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) in Mexican population. Method: 483 teachers from 100 basic education schools (primary and secondary) were evaluated in Mexico City. The mexican validated SBI by Gil-Monte, Unda and Sandoval (2009) and MBI-HSS validated in Mexican population by Placencia et al. (2013) were implemented, both are Likert scales that showed acceptable reliability. In the data analysis, a Multi-treat-Multi-method matrix (MTMM) was performed, which is an approach developed by Campbell and Fiske (1959) to analyze convergent and divergent validity. Results: MTMM showed significant positive and non-zero correlations between the same traits measured by different method, enthusiasm toward the job and personal accomplishment (r = 0,40 **) psychic exhaustion and emotional exhaustion (r = 0,87 **), and indolence and depersonalization (r = 0,52 **) which supposes convergent validity, in addition, it can be observed that all cronbach's alphas are acceptable except for depersonalization (subscale of MBI). The MBI-HSS recurrently presents cronbach's alphas lower than 0,70 on the depersonalization subscale, especially in non-English-speaking population. Conclusion: According to the results of this study and the psychometric difficulties presented by the MBI-HSS, the SBI is the recommended instrument for the evaluation of Burnout in the Mexican population.

Diclofenac N-Derivatives as Therapeutic Agents with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Effect.

A series of diclofenac N-derivatives (2, 4, 6, 8c, 9c, 10a-c) were synthesized in order to test their anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. The anticarcinogen activity has been assayed against three cancer cell lines: HT29, human colon cancer cells; Hep-G2, human hepatic cells; and B16-F10, murine melanoma cells. First, we determined the cytotoxicity of the different compounds, finding that the most effective compound was compound 8c against all cell lines and both compounds 4 and 6 in human Hep-G2 and HT29 cell lines. Compounds 4 and 8c were selected for the percentage of apoptosis determination, cell cycle distribution, and mitochondrial membrane potential measure because these products presented the lowest IC50 values in two of the three cancer cell lines assayed (B16-F10 and HepG2), and were two of the three products with lowest IC50 in HT29 cell line. Moreover, the percentages of apoptosis induction were determined for compounds 4 and 8c, showing that the highest values were between 30 to 60%. Next, the effects of these two compounds were observed on the cellular cycle, resulting in an increase in the cell population in G2/M cell cycle phase after treatment with product 8c, whereas compound 4 increased the cells in phase G0/G1, by possible differentiation process induction. Finally, to determine the possible apoptosis mechanism triggered by these compounds, mitochondrial potential was evaluated, indicating the possible activation of extrinsic apoptotic mechanism. On the other hand, we studied the anti-inflammatory effects of these diclofenac (DCF) derivatives on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages-monocytes murine cells by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. As a first step, we determined the cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds, as well as DCF, against these cells. Then, sub-cytotoxic concentrations were used to determine NO release at different incubation times. The greatest anti-inflammatory effect was observed for products 2, 4, 8c, 10a, 10b, and 9c at 20 µg·mL-1 concentration after 48 h of treatment, with inhibition of produced NO between 60 to 75%, and a concentration that reduces to the 50% the production of NO (IC50 NO) between 2.5 to 25 times lower than that of DCF. In this work, we synthesized and determined for the first time the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory potential of eight diclofenac N-derivatives. In agreement with the recent evidences suggesting that inflammation may contribute to all states of tumorigenesis, the development of these new derivatives capable of inducing apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects at very low concentrations represent new effective therapeutic strategies against these diseases.

Litiasis renal en niños / Renal lithiasis in children

Resumen Justificación y objetivo: La litiasis renal se debe a la precipitación de cristales por un desequilibrio en la orina entre sustancias promotoras y las sustancias inhibitorias. Es una patología con una prevalencia entre 2-10% en la población pediátrica, con una incidencia que ha aumentado en los últimos 25 años; razón por la cual este estudio pretende conocer la prevalencia, las manifestaciones clínicas y metabólicas de la litiasis renal en la población pediátrica del Hospital Nacional de Niños de Costa Rica. Métodos: Es un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional, mediante la revisión de expedientes de pacientes menores a 18 años con el diagnóstico de litiasis renal, atendidos en el Hospital Nacional de Niños, en el periodo comprendido entre enero del año 2000 al 2018. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 106 pacientes. El 57,5% hombres, la edad promedio al diagnóstico de 6,6 ± 3,8 años; la frecuencia de casos se ha incrementado en 5,5 veces en los últimos 5 años. Factores de riesgo detectados: anormalidades del tracto urinario 22,6% y antecedentes familiares de litiasis 17,9%. El análisis metabólico mostró un gasto urinario bajo en el 74,3%, hiperfosfaturia en un 43,2%, hipomagnesuria 39,2% e hipercalciuria 37,8%. Etiologías determinadas: metabólica 54,7%, malformaciones de las vías urinarias 16% e idiopática en un 30,9%. La litotricia intracorpórea se aplicó en un 61,2%. La recidiva se observó en el 28,5% de los casos, se encontró relación entre la incidencia de recidiva con el tamaño del lito (p = 0,001) y el tratamiento quirúrgico. (p = 0,010). Conclusiones: Existe un aumento en la frecuencia de casos de litiasis pediátrica con una etiología multifactorial en el Hospital Nacional de Niños de Costa Rica.

Abstract Background and aim: Renal lithiasis is due to the precipitation of crystals due to an imbalance in the urine between promoter substances and inhibitory substances. It is a pathology with a prevalence between 2-10% in the pediatric population, with an incidence that is increasing in the last 25 years, because of that, this study pretend to know the prevalence, the clinical and metabolic, manifestation of the renal lithiasis in the pediatric population. Methods: It is a retrospective, descriptive and observational study, by reviewing records of patients under 18 years of age with a diagnosis of renal lithiasis, treated at the Hospital Nacional de Niños, in the period of 2000 to 2018. Results: A total of 106 patients were included, 57,5% men, the average age at diagnosis of 6,6+- 3,8 years, the frequency of cases has increased 5,5 times in the last 5 years. Risk factors detected: urinary trac abnormalities 22,6% and family history of nephrolithiasis 17,9%. The metabolic analysis showed a low urinary flow rate in 74,3%, hyperphosphaturia in 43,2%, hypomagnesuria 39,2% and hypercalciuria 37,8%. Etiologies determined: metabolic 54,7%, malformations of the urinary trac 16% and idiopathic in 30,9%. Intracorporeal lithotripsy was applied in 61,2%. Recurrence was observe in 28,5 % of cases, a relationship was found between the incidence of recurrence with the size of litho (p= 0.001) and surgical treatment (p= 0.01). Conclusions: There is a significant increase in the incidence of pediatric lithiasis cases with a multifactorial etiology.

Improving the genistein oral bioavailability via its formulation into the metal-organic framework MIL-100(Fe).

Despite the interesting chemopreventive, antioxidant and antiangiogenic effects of the natural bioflavonoid genistein (GEN), its low aqueous solubility and bioavailability make it necessary to administer it using a suitable drug carrier system. Nanometric porous metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) are appealing systems for drug delivery. Particularly, mesoporous MIL-100(Fe) possesses a variety of interesting features related to its composition and structure, which make it an excellent candidate to be used as a drug nanocarrier (highly porous, biocompatible, can be synthesized as homogenous and stable nanoparticles (NPs), etc.). In this study, GEN was entrapped via simple impregnation in MIL-100 NPs achieving remarkable drug loading (27.1 wt%). A combination of experimental and computing techniques was used to achieve a deep understanding of the encapsulation of GEN in MIL-100 nanoMOF. Subsequently, GEN delivery studies were carried out under simulated physiological conditions, showing on the whole a sustained GEN release for 3 days. Initial pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies were also carried out upon the oral administration of the GEN@MIL-100 NPs in a mouse model, evidencing a higher bioavailability and showing that this oral nanoformulation appears to be very promising. To the best of our knowledge, the GEN-loaded MIL-100 will be the first antitumor oral formulation based on nanoMOFs studied in vivo, and paves the way to the efficient delivery of nontoxic antitumorals via a convenient oral route.

Confirmatory factorial analysis of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey in health professionals in emergency services / Análise fatorial confirmatória do Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey em profissionais de saúde dos serviços de emergência / Análisis factorial confirmatorio del Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey en profesionales de la salud de los servicios de emergencia

Objective: to confirm the factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey version in a sample of health professionals from the emergency services. Method: a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and analytical study. Two hundred and eighty-two health professionals participated in the study. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. The psychometric sensitivity for the MBI-HSS items was estimated by measures of central tendency, variability and the distribution shape. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the adequacy of the sample was verified using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index. As indexes for assessing the quality of fit of the model, the chi-square ratio by the degrees of freedom (χ2/DoF), the comparative fit index (CFI), the goodness of fit index (GFI), the Tucker Lewis index (TLI) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were considered. To test data fit, the maximum likelihood method was used. Results: the three-factor structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory was confirmed. Items 9, 12, 15 and 16 had a factorial weight below what was considered appropriate and were removed from the model. The second order hierarchical model with the aforementioned modifications presented an adequate adjustment to the data and can be considered the best and most parsimonious model tested according to the information theory indexes. The internal consistency of the instrument's factors was recalculated considering the exclusion of the items and the three factors were considered adequate. Conclusion: the results obtained show that the Maslach Burnout Inventory is a reliable and factorially valid instrument for measuring the burnout syndrome in emergency service professionals in Brazil.

Objetivo: confirmar a validade fatorial do Maslach Bunout Inventory - versão Human Services Survey numa amostra de profissionais da saúde dos serviços de emergência. Método: estudo de abordagem quantitativa, exploratório, descritivo e analítico. Participaram do estudo 282 profissionais de saúde. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados, um questionário sociodemográfico e o Maslach Burnout Inventory. A sensibilidade psicométrica dos itens do Maslach Bunout Inventory - versão Human Services Survey foi estimada pelas medidas de tendência central, variabilidade e forma da distribuição. A consistência interna foi estimada por meio do Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e a adequação da amostra verificada por meio do índice de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO). Como índices para a avaliação da qualidade de ajustamento do modelo foram considerados a razão de qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade (χ2 /gl), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), índice de Tucker Lewis (TLI) e root mean square error of aproximation (RMSEA). Para testar o ajustamento dos dados utilizou-se o método de máxima verossimilhança. Resultados: confirmou-se a estrutura trifatorial do Maslach Burnout Inventory. Os itens 9, 12, 15 e 16 apresentaram peso fatorial abaixo do considerado adequado e foram removidos do modelo. O modelo hierárquico de segunda ordem, com as modificações mencionadas, apresentou ajustamento adequado aos dados e pôde ser considerado o melhor e mais parcimonioso modelo testado de acordo com os índices da teoria da informação. A consistência interna dos fatores do instrumento foi recalculada considerando-se a exclusão dos itens e foi considerada adequada nos três os fatores. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos mostram que o Maslach Burnout Inventory é um instrumento confiável e fatorialmente válido para medir a síndrome de o burnout em profissionais dos serviços de emergência no Brasil.

Objetivo: confirmar la validez factorial del Maslach Bunout Inventory - versión Human Services Survey en una muestra de profesionales de la salud de los servicios de emergencia. Método: estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio, descriptivo y analítico. Participaron en el estudio 282 profesionales de la salud. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Maslach Burnout Inventory . La sensibilidad psicométrica de los ítems del Maslach Bunout Inventory - versión Human Services Survey se estimó mediante medidas de tendencia central, variabilidad y forma de distribución. La consistencia interna se estimó usando el Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y la adecuación de la muestra se verificó usando el índice de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO). Como índices para evaluar la calidad de ajuste del modelo fueron considerados la razón chi-cuadrado para los grados de libertad (χ 2 /gl), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), índice de Tucker Lewis (TLI) y root mean square error of aproximation (RMSEA). Para probar el ajuste de los datos, se utilizó el método de máxima verosimilitud. Resultados: se confirmó la estructura de tres factores del Maslach Burnout Inventory . Los ítems 9, 12, 15 y 16 presentaron un peso factorial por debajo de lo que se consideraba adecuado y se eliminaron del modelo. El modelo jerárquico de segundo orden, con las modificaciones antes mencionadas, presentó un ajuste adecuado a los datos y puede considerarse el mejor y más parsimonioso modelo probado de acuerdo con los índices de teoría de la información. La consistencia interna de los factores del instrumento se recalculó ponderando la exclusión de los ítems y se consideró adecuada en los tres factores. Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos muestran que el Maslach Burnout Inventory es un instrumento confiable y factorialmente válido para medir el síndrome de burnout en los profesionales de los servicios de emergencia en Brasil.

Epilepsia refractaria con convulsiones febriles plus en niños con mutaciones de la subunidad alfa de canales de sodio (SCN1A): un reporte de caso / Refractory epilepsy with febrile seizures in a child with sodium channel alpha subunit mutation (SCN1A): A case report

RESUMEN Se presenta caso de una niña de 10 años con cuadro de epilepsia mioclónica juvenil severa en la infancia, que a los 6 meses de edad debutó con crisis tónico-clónicas generalizadas (TCG) luego de la administración de una dosis de vacuna DPT, con posteriores crisis TCG, mioclónicas y múltiples episodios de estado epiléptico refractarios a fármacos antiepilépticos (FAE) de primera y segunda línea durante los primeros 5 años. Las crisis se asociaron a retraso global en el desarrollo luego del primer episodio. Durante la evolución se realizaron estudios que incluyen resonancia magnética cerebral que fue normal y tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET-CT) que evidenció alteraciones en el metabolismo en región temporal izquierda, además de estudios para inmunodeficiencias y trombofilias sin alteraciones. Los electroencefalogramas iniciales fueron normales, pero video electroencefalograma de 12 horas mostró actividad irritativa en la región central con diseminación bilateral. Los estudios genéticos identificaron una mutación en el marco de lectura de tipo "frameshift" del gen SCN1A mediante secuenciación de la región codificante. Luego de los primeros años de vida, la paciente presenta, atípicamente, remisión progresiva de las crisis con posterior desmonte de FAE y mejoría del neuro-desarrollo en el proceso interdisciplinario de rehabilitación.

SUMMARY We report the case of a 10-year-old female with a history of severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy who presents with generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures at 6 months of age after administration of a DPT vaccine, who then begins to present frequent and severe GTC seizures, myoclonic seizures and multiple refractory status epilepticus poorly controlled with first and second line anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). This was accompanied by development delay. Studies performed on the patient included brain MRI which was normal, immunodeficiency and trombophilic studies which were normal and electroencephalographs: studies (EEG) that were at first mostly normal. The most significant findings were seen during a 12-hour video-EEG which reported epileptogenic activity in central region with bilateral dissemination and a PET-CT that showed metabolism alterations in the left temporal region. Due to this presentation a channelopathy was suspected and a coding region sequentiation study was performed which identified a frameshift mutation of the SCN1A gene confirming the diagnosis. Atipically, after 5 years the patient begins to present a favorable evolution with significant seizure remission even allowing the progressive weaning of AEDs and a remarkable stalemate of developmental delay after interdisciplinary rehabilitation process was started.

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and its associated factors among hospital and community populations in Lambayeque, Peru

Abstract INTRODUCTION Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with toxoplasmosis among pregnant women. METHODS We followed an analytical observational study. From July 2016 to June 2017, 218 pregnant women were selected. The infection was detected through serological dosage of anti-T.gondii Immunoglobulin(Ig) M and IgG antibodies. RESULTS The seroprevalence was 35.8%; the factors associated with infection were consumption of non-drinking water, residence in an urban area, and threatened abortion during the current pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women is high. The risk factors are dependent on environmental determinants.

Sobrevida en trasplante renal en el Hospital Nacional de Niños / Survival of kidney transplant at the National Children's Hospital

Resumen Objetivo: conocer la sobrevida del programa de trasplante renal en el Hospital Nacional de Niños, de enero 1978 a enero 2016. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo, en niños que recibieron un trasplante renal. Se recopiló la información de los expedientes clínicos. Se incluyeron pacientes menores de edad que tuvieran un injerto viable por al menos tres meses, pacientes con expediente pasivo completo y que brindaran el consentimiento informado. Resultados: se recopiló un total de 152 pacientes, y se incluyeron 143 en el estudio, ya que 9fueron excluidos. El 51 % (n= 73) fueron mujeres. Se realizó 167 trasplantes renales, el 63,5 % (n=105) fue de injertos provenientes de donante vivo relacionado. La sobrevida al primer año fue del 100 %, el 95 % a los 10 años y el 61% a los 20 años del trasplante. En cuanto a la sobrevida del injerto, se encontró una sobrevida al primer año del 95 %, del 76 % a los 3 años y del 73 % a los 5 años después del trasplante, con una incidencia de rechazo agudo del 28,7 %. Conclusión: el trasplante renal en niños es un procedimiento muy complejo donde la sobrevida depende de múltiples factores ambientales y adquiridos; sin embargo, sí es posible que centros pediátricos como el nuestro puedan llegar a alcanzar porcentajes de sobrevida acordes a los de centros de países desarrollados.

Abstract Objective: to know the survival of the renal transplant program at the National Children's Hospital, from January 1978 to January 2016. Methods: retrospective and descriptive study in children who received a kidney transplant. The information was compiled from the clinical files. We included children who had a viable graft for at least three months, patients with a complete passive file and who provided informed consent. Results: A total of 152 patients were collected, and 143 were included in the study, since 9 were excluded. 51% (n = 73) were women. A total of 167 kidney transplants were performed, 63.5% (n = 105) were grafts from a related living donor. Survival at the first year was 100%, 95% at 10 years and 61% at 20 years after transplantation. Regarding the survival of the graft, a survival rate of 95% was found in the first year, 76% at 3 years and 73% at 5 years after transplantation, with an incidence of acute rejection of 28.7%. Conclusions: Kidney transplantation in children is a very complex procedure where survival depends on multiple environmental factors and / or acquired, however it is possible that pediatric centers like ours can reach survival rates according to centers in developed countries.

Aluminum Doped MCM-41 Nanoparticles as Platforms for the Dual Encapsulation of a CO-Releasing Molecule and Cisplatin.

Mesoporous silica Al-MCM-41 nanoparticles have been used, for the first time, as vehicles for the single and dual encapsulation of the cationic CO-releasing molecule (CORM) [Mn(1,4,7-triazacyclononane)(CO)3]+ (ALF472+) and the well-known antineoplastic drug, cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2] (cisplatin). Thus, two new hybrid materials, namely, ALF472@Al-MCM-41 and ALF472-cisplatin@Al-MCM-41, have been isolated and fully characterized. The results reveal that the presence of CORM molecules enhances cisplatin loading 3-fold, yielding a cargo of 0.45 mmol g-1 of ALF472+ and 0.12 mmol g-1 of the platinum complex for ALF472-cisplatin@Al-MCM-41. It is worth noting that ALF472@Al-MCM-41 shows a good dispersion in phosphate buffered saline solution, while the dual hybrid material slightly aggregates in this simulated physiological medium (hydrodynamic size: 112 ± 23 and 336 ± 50 nm, respectively). In addition, both hybrid materials (ALF472@Al-MCM-41 and ALF472-cisplatin@Al-MCM-41) behave as photoactive CO-releasing materials, delivering 0.25 and 0.11 equiv of CO, respectively, after 24 h and exhibiting a more controlled CO delivery than that of the free CORM. Finally, metal leaching studies have confirmed the good retention capacity of Al-MCM-41 toward the potentially toxic manganese fragments (86% of retention after 72 h) as well as the low release of cisplatin (ca. 7% after 72 h).

Inorganic mesoporous silicas as vehicles of two novel anthracene-based ruthenium metalloarenes.

Two novel anthracene-based half-sandwich organometallic Ru(II) compounds, namely, [Ru(p-cymene)(L1)Cl2] (1) and [Ru(p-cymene)(L2)Cl2] (2) (L1=1-(anthracen-9-yl)-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)methanamine; L2=1-(anthracen-9-yl)-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)methanamine) have been synthesized and characterized. We demonstrate that the fluorescence properties of these complexes are highly affected by the linking position of the anthracene unit, as only 2 shows fluorescence emission in the blue region. Regarding their biological activity, both ruthenium metallodrugs show interaction with different biological targets such as S-donor amino acids (cysteine) and proteases (cysteine cathepsin B). Moreover, 1 and 2 show in vitro cytotoxicity against HL-60 cancer cell line (IC50=84.5 and 87.0µM for 1 and 2, respectively), with cell death occurring via apoptosis. Further studies have shown that diffusion into cells is the main mechanism of metallodrug uptake. Finally, as a proof of concept, these ruthenium complexes have been successfully encapsulated into MCM-41 and SBA-15 mesoporous silicas using two different incorporation strategies (impregnation and grinding).

Nanoscaled Zinc Pyrazolate Metal-Organic Frameworks as Drug-Delivery Systems.

This work describes synthesis at the nanoscale of the isoreticular metal-organic framework (MOF) series ZnBDP_X, based on the assembly of Zn(II) metal ions and the functionalized organic spacers 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-X-benzene (H2BDP_X; X = H, NO2, NH2, OH). The colloidal stability of these systems was evaluated under different relevant intravenous and oral-simulated physiological conditions, showing that ZnBDP_OH nanoparticles exhibit good structural and colloidal stability probably because of the formation of a protein corona on their surface that prevents their aggregation. Furthermore, two antitumor drugs (mitroxantrone and [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(pta)] (RAPTA-C) where pta = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phospaadamantane) were encapsulated within the pores of the ZnBDP_X series in order to investigate the effect of the framework functionalization on the incorporation/delivery of bioactive molecules. Thus, the loading capacity of both drugs within the ZnBDP_X series seems to directly depend on the surface area of the solids. Moreover, ligand functionalization significantly affects both the delivery kinetics and the total amount of released drug. In particular, ZnBDP_OH and ZnBDP_NH2 matrixes show a slower rate of delivery and higher percentage of release than ZnBDP_NO2 and ZnBDP_H systems. Additionally, RAPTA-C delivery from ZnBDP_OH is accompanied by a concomitant and progressive matrix degradation due to the higher polarity of the BPD_OH ligand, highlighting the impact of functionalization of the MOF cavities over the kinetics of delivery.

Abordaje del niño con hipercalcemia: reporte de 3 casos / Approach to the child with hypercalcemia: report of 3 cases

La hipercalcemia en niños es un trastorno electrolítico raro. Su presentación clínica es variable, al igual que su etiología. En esta publicación se abordan los casos de tres niños con hipercalcemia. Primeramente, un neonato de 24 días con irritabilidad, pobre succión y nefrocalcinosis. El segundo caso es de un niño de 1 año de edad con estenosis pulmonar, falla para progresar, retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor, fascies de duende y nefrocalcinosis. Por último, se presenta una niña de 11 años, con cuadro de dolor abdominal, polidipsia, náuseas, vómitos, lesiones líticas en huesos largos y anemia. Las causas determinadas para cada caso fueron, respectivamente: acidosis tubular distal, síndrome de Williams y leucemia linfocítica aguda. Para el abordaje del niño con hipercalcemia se muestran dos esquemas de diagnóstico realizados con fundamento en los hallazgos clínicos, laboratorios y gabinete. La terapeútica en estos niños debe basarse en el aumento de la excreción renal de calcio (hidratación, diuréticos), reducción de la absorción a nivel intestinal(restricción nutricional de calcio y vitamina D, glucocorticoides), inhibición de la resorción ósea (bifosfonatos, glucocorticoides), redistribución del calcio y, sobre todo, la prontitud con la que se instaure una terapia eficaz, ya que esta tendrá un impacto a largo plazo sobre su salud y calidad de vida...

Abdominal pathology requiring laparotomy in very preterm infants is associated with need for surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus.

BACKGROUND: Extensive intestinal surgery in very preterm infants and its influence on somatic growth is of major concern. There is little consensus as to which is the most appropriate surgical approach in extremely low-birth-weight infants with abdominal pathology. Laparotomy is currently advocated, but peritoneal drainage is also discussed. OBJECTIVE: To study laparotomy as surgical intervention in newborn infants with less than 28 gestational weeks and to investigate associated mortality and morbidity and its impact on short-term growth. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: The study was a retrospective case-control study of newborn infants requiring laparotomy. All infants with gestational age less than 28 weeks who were subject to acute laparotomy in the neonatal period at Sahlgrenska University Hospital during a 5-year period (2003-2007) were included in the study (n = 20). The control group consisted of infants admitted to the unit with the same gestational age but not requiring laparotomy. Infants with severe malformations were excluded. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: Extensive abdominal surgery was feasible in very preterm infants. Necrotizing enterocolitis dominated the abdominal pathology requiring surgery. Patent ductus arteriosus requiring surgical closure occurred more often in the lapatotomy group and in those diagnosed as necrotizing enterocolitis. There was no impact on first year somatic growth.

Study of the incorporation and release of the non-conventional half-sandwich ruthenium(II) metallodrug RAPTA-C on a robust MOF.

The highly porous and robust [Ni(8)(OH)(4)(OH(2))(2)(4,4'-(buta-1,3-diyne-1,4-diyl)bispyrazolato)(6)](n) MOF can be used as a proof of concept for the incorporation and release of the non-conventional [Ru(p-cymene)Cl(2)(pta)] RAPTA-C metallodrug.

Estudio de prevalencia del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT) y su asociación con sobrecarga y autoeficacia en maestros de primaria de la ciudad de México / Study on the prevalence of the Burnout Syndrome (BS) and its association with overload and self efficiency in elementary school teachers of Mexico city

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia del Síndromede Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT en adelante) en una muestra de 698 maestros mexicanos. Y su asociación con variables de Sobrecarga y Autoeficacia laboral. Se utilizó el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo para Profesionales de la Educación (CESQT-PE). La prevalencia se analizó siguiendo el procedimiento de los puntos de referencia de la escala de frecuencia de respuesta. Se encontró que el 3 por ciento de los participantes presentaba baja Ilusión por el trabajo, 37.4 por ciento puntuaciones altas en Desgaste psíquico, 4.70 por ciento altos niveles de Indolencia, y, para Culpa 9.70 por ciento. Los hombres presentaron niveles más bajos en Ilusión por el trabajo y Desgaste psíquico que las mujeres. Considerando la edad, los niveles más elevados del SQT se dieron entre los 41 y 50 años. En cuanto a la asociación con Sobrecarga se encontró una correlación negativa con Ilusión por el trabajo (-0.15); y, con Desgaste psíquico, (0.56), Indolencia (0.36) y Culpa (0.29) una correlación positiva. En cuanto a la variable de Autoeficacia, una correlación positiva con Ilusión por el trabajo (0.25) y negativa con Desgaste psíquico (-0.25), Indolencia(-0.24) y Culpa (-0.19). Se concluye sobre la necesidad de intervenir para prevenir el deterioro de la salud de los docentes.

The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in a sample of 698 Mexican teachers and its association with labor overload and self-efficiency. The questionnaire for theevaluation of the burnout syndrome for education professionals was used. The prevalence was analyzed by the procedure of reference points of the response scale. It was found that a 3 percent of the participants showed low enthusiasm at work; a 37.40 percent scored high in psychological exhaustion; 4.70 percent high levels of indolence, and a 9.70 percent for guilt. Men displayed lower levels of enthusiasm at work and lower psychological exhaustion than women. Regarding age, the highest levels of burnout occurred between the ages of 41 and 50 years. With regard to association with overload, a negative correlation with enthusiasm (- 0.15) was found and a positive one with psychological exhaustion, (0.56), indolence (0.36) and guilt (0.29). With regard to the self-efficiency variable, a positive correlation with enthusiasm (0.25) and a negative one with psychological exhaustion (-0.25), indolence (-0.24) and guilt (-0.19) were found. It was concluded on the need to take action to prevent impairment of teachers’ health.