Early pneumonia diagnosis decreases ventilator-associated pneumonia rates in trauma population.

BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a source of morbidity and mortality for trauma patients. Aspiration events are also common because of traumatic brain injury, altered mental status, or facial trauma. In patients requiring mechanical ventilation, early pneumonias (EPs) may be erroneously classified as ventilator associated. METHODS: A prospective early bronchoscopy protocol was implemented from January 2020 to January 2022. Trauma patients intubated before arrival or within 48 hours of admission underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) within 24 hours of intubation. Patients with more than 100,000 colony-forming units on BAL were considered to have EP. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients underwent early BAL. Ninety-three (79.5%) had some growth on BAL with 36 (30.8%) meeting criteria for EP. For the total study population, 29 patients (24.8%) were diagnosed with VAP later in their hospital course, 12 of which had previously been diagnosed with EP. Of EP patients (n = 36), 21 (58.3%) were treated with antibiotics based on clinical signs of infection. Of EP patients who had a later pneumonia diagnosed by BAL (n = 12), seven (58.3%) grew the same organism from their initial BAL. When these patients were excluded from VAP calculation, the rate was reduced by 27.6%. Patients with EP had a higher rate of smoking history (41.7% vs. 19.8%, p < 0.001) compared with patients without EP. There was no difference in median hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, ventilator days, or mortality between the two cohorts. CONCLUSION: Early pneumonia is common in trauma patients intubated within the first 48 hours of admission and screening with early BAL identifies patients with aspiration or pretraumatic indicators of pneumonia. Accounting for these patients with early BAL significantly reduces reported VAP rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.

Transfers for Hand Surgery Correlate with Increased Reoperations for Complications.

Wrist, hand, and finger trauma are the most common nonlethal injuries presenting to emergency departments. In Tennessee, lack of available hand care, particularly the need for emergency hand surgery, could be detrimental to patient outcomes. This is a retrospective outcomes study of patients requiring revisional hand surgeries. Patients were identified and stratified by distance to Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) to determine if patient complications increase with distance from VUMC. As distance of patient county of residence from VUMC increased, per cent of patients without a complication decreased (P < 0.0001). Counties without 24/7 comprehensive hand call also showed a distance difference in complication rates. Per capita income and mean household income showed no effect on complications. Distance from treating facility is correlated with patient outcomes and need for revisional surgery. Limitations in care availability in Tennessee are not specific to hand surgery. If the trend toward poorer outcomes as a result of limited local care availability extends to other specialties, this could have implications regarding health-care realignment. Specifically for patients with complex injuries or conditions that will be referred to centralized flagship hospitals, increases in patient travel may limit positive outcomes.