RESUMO
Resumen Las variables familiares y emocionales están relacionadas con el desarrollo y mantenimiento de distintos trastornos psicopatológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre variables emocionales (regulación de emociones, optimismo y tolerancia a la frustración) y familiares (estilos parentales percibidos) con respuestas obsesivo-compulsivas. En cuanto al método, los participantes fueron 473 adolescentes (249 chicos y 224 chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 18 años (M = 14.84, DT = 1.83) que cursaban estudios de Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato. En resultados, la variable optimismo alcanzó el mayor peso explicativo de obsesión-compulsión, seguida de la atención a los síntomas, revelación del padre y tolerancia a la frustración. Las puntuaciones en ansiedad y depresión presentaron un alto porcentaje de varianza explicada. Se concluye que el optimismo, la atención adecuada a los síntomas, la tolerancia a la frustración y las relaciones de confianza entre padres e hijos podrían ser factores protectores en la aparición de pensamientos obsesivo-compulsivos.
Abstract Family and emotional variables are related to the development and maintenance of different psychopathological disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze differences between emotional variables (emotion regulation, optimism and tolerance to frustration) and family variables (perceived educational styles) with obsessive-compulsive responses. Method: Participants were 473 adolescents (249 boys and 224 girls) aged between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14.84, SD = 1.83) who were studying Secondary Education. Results: The optimism variable reached the highest explanatory weight of obsession-compulsion, followed by attention to symptoms, sharing of feeling with father and tolerance to frustration. The scores in anxiety and depression showed a high percentage of variance explained. Conclusions: Optimism, adequate attention to symptoms, tolerance to frustration and relationships of trust between parents and children could be protective factors of obsessive-compulsive thoughts.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Ansiedade , Pais , Emoções , Regulação Emocional , Comportamento ObsessivoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This meta-analytical study examined the effects of psychological treatments applied to family members of children and adolescents with cancer, as well as the characteristics of the studies that can be associated with their effects. METHODS: Four databases were searched between January 1980 and January 2017; the references of the located studies were reviewed, and emails were sent to experts in this topic. Forty articles fulfilled the selection criteria. The standardized mean pretest-posttest (or pretest-follow-up) change was used as the effect-size index for the treatment and control groups. RESULTS: The 40 articles included 40 treatment groups and 21 control groups. When treatment and control pretest-posttest mean effects were compared, psychological interventions revealed positive, statistically significant results for anxiety (dadj = 0.339) and problem-solving skills (dadj = 0.385) and, to a lesser extent, for posttraumatic stress (dadj = 0.224). No statistically significant differences were found for mood (dadj = 0.147), acute stress (dadj = -0.010), coping skills (dadj = 0.123), social support (dadj = 0.245), or quality of life (dadj = 0.538). CONCLUSIONS: Positive effects of mild to moderate magnitude were found in the posttests for some outcome measures. Behavioral interventions seem to be the most promising. Interventions achieved the best results when they were long in duration and low in intensity and when they were applied to family members with young children who were undergoing medical treatment. At follow-up, the intervention benefits were diminished. The application of psychological interventions is recommended to mitigate the negative psychological repercussions in this population.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/terapia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Depressão/terapia , Neoplasias/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Criança , Família , Humanos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Relações Pais-Filho , Qualidade de Vida/psicologiaRESUMO
La Terapia de Exposición mediante Realidad Virtual e Internet constituyen dos nuevos formatos de aplicación de la terapia de conducta y constituyen una alternativa a la exposición en vivo estándar. El presente trabajo estudia la relevancia de estas modalidades de tratamiento en el Trastorno por Ansiedad/Fobia Social. Se ha llevado a cabo una búsqueda de estudios realizados al respecto, concluyéndose tanto que la evidencia disponible muestra indicios razonables de su efectividad como que resultan necesarios nuevos estudios con mayores tamaños muestrales.
Virtual reality exposure therapy and the Internet are two new formats for the application of behavior therapy and are an alternative to standard in vivo exposure. The present study examines the relevance of these treatment modalities in Social Anxiety/Phobia Disorder. It has carried out a search of the studies performed, thus concluding that the evidence shows prima facie evidence of its effectiveness as a resulting need for new studies with larger sample sizes.