Subcortical deafferentation impairs behavioral reinforcement of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats.

Long-term potentiation is a form of neural functional plasticity which has been related with memory formation and recovery of function after brain injury. Previous studies have shown that a transient early-long-term potentiation can be prolonged by direct stimulation of distinct brain areas, or behavioral stimuli with a high motivational content. The basolateral amygdala and other subcortical structures, like the medial septum and the locus coeruleus, are involved in mediating the reinforcing effect. We have previously shown that the lesion of the fimbria-fornix--the main entrance of subcortical afferents to the hippocampus--abolishes the reinforcing basolateral amygdala-effects on long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus in vivo. It remains to be investigated, however, if such subcortical afferents may also be important for behavioral reinforcement of long-term potentiation. Young-adult (8 weeks) Sprague-Dawley male rats were fimbria-fornix-transected under anesthesia, and electrodes were implanted at the dentate gyrus and the perforant path. One week after surgery the freely moving animals were studied. Fimbria-fornix-lesion reduced the ability of the animals to develop long-term potentiation when a short pulse duration was used for tetanization (0.1 ms per half-wave of a biphasic stimulus), whereas increasing the pulse duration to 0.2 ms per half-wave during tetanization resulted in a transient early-long-term potentiation lasting about 4 h in the lesioned animals, comparable to that obtained in non-lesioned or sham-operated control rats. In water-deprived (24 h) control animals, i.e. in non-lesioned and sham-operated rats, early-long-term potentiation could be behaviorally reinforced by drinking 15 min after tetanization. However, in fimbria-fornix-lesioned animals long-term potentiation-reinforcement by drinking was not detected. This result indicates that the effect of behavioral-motivational stimuli to reinforce long-term potentiation is mediated by subcortical, heterosynaptic afferents.

[Behavior characterization of a model of Huntington's disease in rats, induced by quinolinic acid]. / Caracterización conductual de un modelo de enfermedad de Huntington en ratas inducido por ácido quinolínico.

INTRODUCTION: Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by severe degeneration of basal ganglia neurons. Behavioral symptoms of HD include abnormal, uncontrollable and constant choreiform movements, impaired cognitive function and emotional disturbance. OBJECTIVE: In order to explore the changes of cognitive and motor functions induced by quinolinate lesion we realized this experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the behavior of rats with unilateral quinolinate induced lesions of the medial striatum. Intact 3 months old male rats (n = 23) were trained in the Morris Water Maze during three consecutive days, eight trials/day (acquisition), and before surgery they were randomly assigned either to intact or lesion groups. Fifteen days after the lesion the rats were tested using retention test (one day/four trials, with the escape platform in the same position as in acquisition test), on the next three days the rats were tested in the transfer test (three days/eight trials-day, with the platform in the new position). The Paw reaching test and the asymmetrical rotational behavior test in respond to amphetamine were also tested in these rats. RESULTS: Lesioned animals exhibited deficient retrieval of stored memories of visuospatial skills and impaired transfer of learning. In relation with motor activity the lesioned rats showed a profound impairment in the skill of the left forelimb for reaching food compared with its right forelimb as well as with the forelimb abilities of intact rats. The lesioned animals showed significant rotational behavior induced by amphetamine agonist, ipsilateral to the lesioned striatum. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the notion that the striatal degeneration could sufficiently account for the cognitive abnormalities associated with HD, and with the key role played by basal ganglia in enabling voluntary and postural adjustment of the movements.

Toxicidad neuronal de la interleucina-2 recombinante humana en ratas: validación morfoconductual / Neuronal toxicity of human recombinant interleukin 2 in rats: morphoconductual validation

Introducción y objetivo. La afectación de memoria que se observa en el envejecimiento es una manifestación de la disminución de las funciones cognitivas con la edad, la cual está estrechamente asociada a cambios neuropatológicos y bioquímicos en áreas colinérgicas del sistema nervioso central (SNC). Las citoquinas, descritas por primera vez como moléculas inmunoreguladoras, están también implicadas en reacciones defensivas del cerebro. Estudios relacionados con la acción de la IL-2 sobre el SNC le atribuyen un efecto bloqueador sobre la secreción de acetilcolina a nivel hipocampal. Material y métodos. Hemos desarrollado un estudio dirigido a caracterizar los efectos neurotóxicos centrales de esta citoquina mediante la infusión crónica intraperitoneal de IL-2 recombinante humana (IL-2rh) en ratas jóvenes y viejas de la línea Sprague Dawley. Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos, aunque parciales, no parecen referir el posible efecto in vivo de la IL-2 sobre la función colinérgica central, pero si son consistentes con la implicación probable de esta citoquina en el deterioro cognitivo senescente y, de manera particular, en el deterioro de la memoria espacial asociada a la edad y/o en el curso de trastornos neurodegenerativos relacionados