[The tobacco smoke as the main factor of in-door pollution in the aspect of the children health]. / Dym tytoniowy jako glówny czynnik in-door pollution w aspekcie zdrowia dzieci.

Taking the tobacco plant will cause close 450 millions of deaths worldwide within 50 closest years. The numerous epidemiological research is pointing that exposing children to the tobacco smoke is involving with more frequent occurrence of lower airways and middle ear diseases, asthma or SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). Exposing in the childhood can involve the development of cancer also in adult patients. Current epidemiological notifications are pointing that the 56% of children and the 24% of pregnant women are exposed to passive smoking. 27% of women breast-feeding and the 15-20% of pregnant women are smoking (35-40% of unemployed women with the low degree of education). 100,000 of Polish newborns are having the symptoms of poisoning with the tobacco smoke, and 4 millions are exposed to passive smoking. Exposure of the home environment is inversely proportional to child's age - the younger child the longer time of exposure to environmental factors that affecting state of health negatively. It is mentioning as main of home environment factors the exposure to the tobacco smoke (mothers made conditional on the nicotine).

Passive acquired immunity against measles in infants born to naturally infected and vaccinated mothers.

BACKGROUND: Currently, the majority of newborns in Poland are born to mothers who have been immunized against measles. The aim of this study was to compare the maternal measles antibody titers of infants born to mothers who had been infected by measles wild virus (group I) with those born to mothers who had been vaccinated (group II). MATERIAL/METHODS: Serum samples were tested for measles antibodies from 79 infants in the 7th month of life and from 27 mothers between 17 and 41 years of age. Two commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and a plaque neutralization test (PNT) were used. RESULTS: Only 12.7% of all infants showed measles antibodies in EIA. However, antibodies could be detected by PNT in all the infants, although only 36.6% showed titers of >1:8, which corresponds to protective antibody values of >0.2 IU/ml. The mean geometrical titer was significantly higher among infants from group I than in group II (1:7.16 vs. 1:3.71, p=0.0038). Protective antibody titers were detected in 50% of infants from group I and only 18.2% in group II (p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Passive acquired immunity in infants born to mothers who have had measles lasts longer than in infants born to vaccinated mothers. Nearly two thirds of infants (65.4%) in the 7th month of life did not have sufficient maternally derived neutralizing antibodies to protect against measles. Our data suggest that the recommended age for the first dose of measles vaccine during measles epidemics should be lowered to 9 months, with re-vaccination at 12-15 months.