The first-year course of urine MCP-1 and its association with response to treatment and long-term kidney prognosis in lupus nephritis.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to assess the course of uMCP-1 and its association with response to therapy and long-term kidney function in a prospective cohort of adults who received a kidney biopsy for suspicion of active lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS: Subjects were segregated into a histologically active LN group and a histologically chronic LN group. Both groups were followed for > = 36 months and urine were collected at flare, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. The association between the course of uMCP-1, response to treatment, and progression to 30% loss of the eGFR was evaluated by linear mixed models for repeated measures. RESULTS: A kidney biopsy was performed on 125 subjects. In 114, the report was consistent with histologically active LN; in 11, with histologically chronic LN. Urine MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in the active LN than in the chronic LN group. Urine MCP-1 levels correlated with the histological findings of cellular crescents, endocapillary hypercellularity, interstitial inflammation, glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. The mean estimates of uMCP-1 at flare were higher in the non-response group than in the complete response group, and decreased in the complete/partial response groups by the third month, while they remained elevated in the non-response group. The mean estimates for uMCP-1 were higher at LN flare and remained elevated in patients who progressed to loss of 30% of the eGFR, while they decreased in patients with stable kidney function. CONCLUSION: The first-year course of uMCP-1 is associated with response to therapy and kidney survival in LN. Key Points •Urine MCP-1 levels differentiate histologically-active lupus nephritis from histologically-chronic lupus nephritis •Urine MCP-1 levels decrease by 3 months of therapy in subjects with a favorable response whose kidney function remains stable long-term •Urine MCP-1 levels remain elevated during the first year of therapy in subjects the will later lose kidney function.

Mycobacterium chimaera in heater-cooler devices: an experience in a tertiary hospital in Spain.

The aim of the study was to describe the Mycobacterium chimaera contamination in heater-cooler devices after the application of a protocol of cleaning and disinfection in a tertiary hospital. It was an observational study at the La Paz-Cantoblanco-Carlos III University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Seven heater-cooler devices are used in our hospital: five 3T Sorin (LivaNova) and two Maquet. We followed the manufacturers' instructions for cleaning and disinfection of the different heater-cooler devices. Environmental testing was developed monthly from January 2017 to July 2019. Samples were obtained from both cardioplegia and patient circuits and before and after the disinfection process and were cultured in appropriate media for non-tuberculous mycobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria (coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). A total of 320 samples were taken. Mycobacterium chimaera grew in four water samples (1.25%) from three different heater-cooler devices, with two positive results occurring after disinfection. The heterotrophic bacteria Delftia acidovorans and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were also found. There has not been a case of M. chimaera infection in patients after cardiac surgery in our hospital. In March 2019, we decided to move the heater-cooler device outside the operating room. Mycobacterium chimaera contamination is not always eradicated by disinfection processes. We believe that placing 3T heater-cooler devices outside the operating room is the best option in preventing M. chimaera infection during cardiac surgery.

Lynx eats cat: disease risk assessment during an Iberian lynx intraguild predation.

Lethal interactions between members of the carnivore guild are well represented in literature. In the Iberian lynx, interspecific killing (without prey consumption) of some mesocarnivores, such as the Egyptian mongoose, genet, and red fox, has been reported. Although vaguely documented, evidence suggests feral cats fall victim to interactions with this apex predator. Here, we describe the first documented case of interspecific killing and partial consumption of a feral cat by an adult male Iberian lynx reintroduced in Southwestern Spain. Ulterior analyses demonstrated that the victim was viremic to feline leukemia virus. To prevent the dissemination of the virus and a potential outbreak in the Iberian lynx population, control measures, including the clinical evaluation of the male Iberian lynx, and intensive monitoring were implemented in order to detect intraspecific interactions. After 3 weeks, the lynx was evaluated, presented good condition and resulted negative to both ELISA and RT-PCR. Thanks to the long-term monitoring, this case could be detected and measures to prevent an outbreak could be implemented.

The efficacy and safety of estriol to treat vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a systematic literature review.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of estriol for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed. We searched the following electronic databases: Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, CINHAL and Google Scholar. The studies selected included controlled clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies. Selections were made in pairs and independently, first by title and abstract and then complete texts. RESULTS: We identified 188 studies, 22 of which met the inclusion criteria; 13 were controlled clinical trials and nine were quasi-experimental, and 1217 women were included. These studies confirmed the efficacy of local estrogens to treat symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy with few adverse effects reported. Following treatment, serum estriol levels rose, peaking at 1 h. At the 6-month follow-up, there was no increase in serum estriol in treated women. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence (of low and moderate quality) shows that, when administered vaginally, estriol preparations appear to be safe for women who have risk factors related to systemic estrogen therapy.

Sphingomyelin-induced inhibition of the plasma membrane calcium ATPase causes neurodegeneration in type A Niemann-Pick disease.

Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by severe neurological alterations that leads to death in childhood. Loss-of-function mutations in the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) gene cause NPA, and result in the accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM) in lysosomes and plasma membrane of neurons. Using ASM knockout (ASMko) mice as a NPA disease model, we investigated how high SM levels contribute to neural pathology in NPA. We found high levels of oxidative stress both in neurons from these mice and a NPA patient. Impaired activity of the plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) increases intracellular calcium. SM induces PMCA decreased activity, which causes oxidative stress. Incubating ASMko-cultured neurons in the histone deacetylase inhibitor, SAHA, restores PMCA activity and calcium homeostasis and, consequently, reduces the increased levels of oxidative stress. No recovery occurs when PMCA activity is pharmacologically impaired or genetically inhibited in vitro. Oral administration of SAHA prevents oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, and improves behavioral performance in ASMko mice. These results demonstrate a critical role for plasma membrane SM in neuronal calcium regulation. Thus, we identify changes in PMCA-triggered calcium homeostasis as an upstream mediator for NPA pathology. These findings can stimulate new approaches for pharmacological remediation in a disease with no current clinical treatments.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4 Virus: Equivocal Pathogenicity and Implications for Surveillance Following Natural Infection in Breeder Ducks in the United Kingdom.

Since early 2014, several outbreaks involving novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) viruses have been detected in poultry and wild bird species in Asia, Europe and North America. These viruses have been detected in apparently healthy and dead wild migratory birds, as well as in domestic chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks. In this study, we describe the pathology of an outbreak of H5N8 HPAIV in breeder ducks in the UK. A holding with approximately 6000 breeder ducks, aged approximately 60 weeks, showed a gradual reduction in egg production and increased mortality over a 7-day period. Post-mortem examination revealed frequent fibrinous peritonitis, with severely haemorrhagic ovarian follicles and occasional splenic and pancreatic necrosis and high incidence of mycotic granulomas in the air sacs and lung. Low-to-moderate levels of HPAI H5N8 virus were detected mainly in respiratory and digestive tract, with minor involvement of other organs. Although histopathological examination confirmed the gross pathology findings, intralesional viral antigen detection by immunohistochemistry was not observed. Immunolabelled cells were rarely only present in inflamed air sacs and serosa, usually superficial to granulomatous inflammation. Abundant bacterial microcolonies were observed in haemorrhagic ovaries and oviduct. The limited viral tissue distribution and presence of inter-current fungal and bacterial infections suggest a minor role for HPAIV H5N8 in clinical disease in layer ducks.

Reflexiones en torno a la adherencia a tratamiento de las personas en situación de enfermedad / Reflections about treatment adherence to treatment of people living in illness

La relación profesional- paciente es muy importante para promover una buena adherencia. Sin embargo los pacientes admiten que con relativa frecuencia, abandonan la medicación, la dieta, la práctica de ejercicios, o cualquier otra intervención terapéutica. Esto afecta a largo plazo la calidad de vida. El éxito del tratamiento depende de ambos: médico/ terapeuta y paciente. Para una sólida adherencia, el tratante requiere de competencias técnicas y de herramientas y habilidades comunicacionales...

The relationship with the patient is very important in order to promote good adherence. Nevertheless, patients admit that it's getting more common to stop taking pills, maintaining diets and exercise, or another medical/ therapeutic interventions. This affects the quality of life in the long term. The success of the treatment depends on both the doctor/therapist, and patient. For solid adherence the specialists require technical competence and communicational skills and abilities...

The regulation of neuronal mitochondrial metabolism by calcium.

Calcium signalling is fundamental to the function of the nervous system, in association with changes in ionic gradients across the membrane. Although restoring ionic gradients is energetically costly, a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) acts through multiple pathways to increase ATP synthesis, matching energy supply to demand. Increasing cytosolic Ca(2+) stimulates metabolite transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane through activation of Ca(2+) -regulated mitochondrial carriers, whereas an increase in matrix Ca(2+) stimulates the citric acid cycle and ATP synthase. The aspartate-glutamate exchanger Aralar/AGC1 (Slc25a12), a component of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), is stimulated by modest increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) and upregulates respiration in cortical neurons by enhancing pyruvate supply into mitochondria. Failure to increase respiration in response to small (carbachol) and moderate (K(+) -depolarization) workloads and blunted stimulation of respiration in response to high workloads (veratridine) in Aralar/AGC1 knockout neurons reflect impaired MAS activity and limited mitochondrial pyruvate supply. In response to large workloads (veratridine), acute stimulation of respiration occurs in the absence of MAS through Ca(2+) influx through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and a rise in matrix [Ca(2+) ]. Although the physiological importance of the MCU complex in work-induced stimulation of respiration of CNS neurons is not yet clarified, abnormal mitochondrial Ca(2+) signalling causes pathology. Indeed, loss of function mutations in MICU1, a regulator of MCU complex, are associated with neuromuscular disease. In patient-derived MICU1 deficient fibroblasts, resting matrix Ca(2+) is increased and mitochondria fragmented. Thus, the fine tuning of Ca(2+) signals plays a key role in shaping mitochondrial bioenergetics.

A year long study of the presence of free living amoeba in Spain.

Free-living amoeba such as Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia mandrillaris can act as opportunistic parasites on a wide range of vertebrates and they are becoming a serious threat to human health due to the resistance of their cysts to harsh environmental conditions, disinfectants, some water treatment practices and their ubiquitous distribution. This work was carried out in order to study the presence of these free-living amoebae (FLA) and their possible seasonality in a continental-Mediterranean climate in different types of water. For this purpose, a total of 223 water samples were collected during one year from four drinking water treatment plants (DWTP), seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and six locations of influence (LI) on four river basins from Spain. Water samples were concentrated using the IDEXX Filta-Max(®) system and analyzed by a triplex real time PCR that detects Acanthamoeba, B. mandrillaris and Naegleria fowleri. Agar plates were also seeded for Acanthamoeba culture. From the three FLA studied, N. fowleri was not detected in any sample while B. mandrillaris was found at the entrance of a DWTP; this being, to our knowledge, the first report of these protozoa in water worldwide. On the other hand, the presence of Acanthamoeba observed was higher, 94.6% of the studied points were positive by real time PCR and 85.2% by culture, resulting in 99.1% positive for Acanthamoeba with both methods. All genetically analyzed Acanthamoeba were genotype T4 but nine different T4/DF3 sequences were observed, three of them being described for the first time, assigning new codes. No seasonal distribution of Acanthamoeba was found. These facts should serve as a warning to contact lens wearers of the risk of a poor hygiene when handling their contact lenses. It should also serve as a signal to physicians to consider FLA as a possible causative agent of nervous system infections as well as Acanthamoeba keratitis due to their high environmental presence shown in this study.

Classification of samples into two or more ordered populations with application to a cancer trial.

In many applications, especially in cancer treatment and diagnosis, investigators are interested in classifying patients into various diagnosis groups on the basis of molecular data such as gene expression or proteomic data. Often, some of the diagnosis groups are known to be related to higher or lower values of some of the predictors. The standard methods of classifying patients into various groups do not take into account the underlying order. This could potentially result in high misclassification rates, especially when the number of groups is larger than two. In this article, we develop classification procedures that exploit the underlying order among the mean values of the predictor variables and the diagnostic groups by using ideas from order-restricted inference. We generalize the existing methodology on discrimination under restrictions and provide empirical evidence to demonstrate that the proposed methodology improves over the existing unrestricted methodology. The proposed methodology is applied to a bladder cancer data set where the researchers are interested in classifying patients into various groups.

Management of giant anal condyloma by wide local excision and anoplasty.

AIM: Treatment of giant condyloma acuminatum, is controversial, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, owing to concern over wound healing, complications, risk of progression to carcinoma and a high recurrence rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome after extensive local excision with V-Y anoplasty. METHOD: Nine patients were identified from a prospective database, six of whom were HIV positive. All patients had a giant perianal condyloma acuminatum extending into the anal canal and perianal region, which required wide excision with V-Y reconstruction. Postoperative complications, recurrence and continence were all determined. RESULTS: Nine patients were included (eight men, median age 40 years), six seropositive for HIV infection. A bilateral V-Y anoplasty was performed in six patients, and unilateral in two. There were no postoperative infections, graft failures or flap necrosis. The mean follow-up was 92 (2-137) months. One patient developed local recurrence treated with excision under local anaesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive local surgery of giant perianal condyloma with anoplastic reconstruction gives good results even in HIV-positive patients.

Exploración del clima ético en estudiantes escuela de terapia ocupacional / Exploring the ethical climate in occupational therapy students / Exploração do clima ético em alunos escola de terapia ocupacional

El trabajo que presentamos consta de dos partes. La primera expone una reflexión acerca de la situación intervinculada que se presenta, a nivel ético, entre el desarrollo de las relaciones interpersonales y la incursión de éstas en el escenario de la vida académica. Además, las funciones que se le atribuyen a la Universidad, en torno al tema y en especial la misión de la Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional en la formación, en valores, del futuro profesional. En la segunda parte, usando el método de análisis cualitativo, expondremos el diagnóstico del clima ético percibido por los estudiantes de primer nivel de la Escuela. Esto, respondiendo a la necesidad de elaborar una propuesta formativa en valores éticos, orientada a la creación de una ciudadanía interesada en profundizar los estilos de vida protectores de la salud. En la disciplina (Terapia Ocupacional) que abordamos en nuestra formación, son principios fundamentales los valores democráticos e inclusivos de las personas en situación de desventaja. Para ello, es prioritario desarrollar competencias valorativas desde un modelo formativo ético que, tanto en su dimensión teórica como práctica se den en el clima universitario...

The work presented in two parts. The first presents a reflection on the situation presented interlinked, on an ethical level, between the development of interpersonal relationships and the incursion of these on the stage of academic life. Moreover, the functions that are attributed to the University, around the issue, and especially the mission of the School of Occupational Therapy in training, in values, of the future professional. In the second part, using the method of qualitative analysis, we discuss the diagnosis of ethical climate perceived by students in the first level at the school. This response to the need to develop a training proposal on ethical values, oriented towards the creation of a citizenship deeply interested in the lifestyles of health protective. In the discipline (Occupational Therapy) which we address in our training are fundamental principles of democratic values and inclusive of people at a disadvantage. This is a priority to develop skills training model values from an ethical dimension in both theory and practice are given in the university environment...

O trabalho que apresentamos consta de duas partes. A primeira expõe a reflexão sobre a situação intervinculada que ocorre em nível ético entre o desenvolvimento das relações interpessoais e a incursão destas no cenário da vida acadêmica. Além disso, as funções atribuídas à Universidade quanto ao tema e, em especial, a missão da Escola de Terapia Ocupacional na formação, em valores, do futuro profissional. Na segunda parte, utilizando o método de análise qualitativa, expomos o diagnóstico do clima ético percebido pelos alunos do primeiro ano da Escola, isto em resposta à necessidade de ser elaborada uma proposta de formação em valores éticos, orientada à criação de uma cidadania interessada em aprofundar-se nos estilos de vida protetores da saúde. Na disciplina (Terapia Ocupacional) que abordamos em nossa formação, são princípios fundamentais os valores democráticos e inclusivos das pessoas em situação de desvantagem. Para isso é prioritário desenvolver competências de valor a partir de um modelo formativo ético, que tanto em sua dimensão teórica como prática ocorram no clima universitário...

[Statistical Process Control (SPC) can help prevent treatment errors without increasing costs in radiotherapy]. / El control estadístico de proceso puede ayudar a prevenir los errores de tratamiento sin aumentar los costes en radioterapia.

PURPOSE: Statistical Process Control (SPC) was applied to monitor patient set-up in radiotherapy and, when the measured set-up error values indicated a loss of process stability, its root cause was identified and eliminated to prevent set-up errors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Set up errors were measured for medial-lateral (ml), cranial-caudal (cc) and anterior-posterior (ap) dimensions and then the upper control limits were calculated. Once the control limits were known and the range variability was acceptable, treatment set-up errors were monitored using sub-groups of 3 patients, three times each shift. These values were plotted on a control chart in real time. RESULTS: Control limit values showed that the existing variation was acceptable. Set-up errors, measured and plotted on a X chart, helped monitor the set-up process stability and, if and when the stability was lost, treatment was interrupted, the particular cause responsible for the non-random pattern was identified and corrective action was taken before proceeding with the treatment. CONCLUSION: SPC protocol focuses on controlling the variability due to assignable cause instead of focusing on patient-to-patient variability which normally does not exist. Compared to weekly sampling of set-up error in each and every patient, which may only ensure that just those sampled sessions were set-up correctly, the SPC method enables set-up error prevention in all treatment sessions for all patients and, at the same time, reduces the control costs.

Impacto en las áreas de desempeño ocupacional como consecuencia de una fobia social / Impact of social phobia in occupational performance’s areas

Dentro de los trastornos de ansiedad se encuentra la fobia social, cuya sintomatología se caracteriza por: angustia anticipatoria, ansiedad de exposición y evitación, frente a las situaciones sociales. Considerando las características de la patología, la hipótesis de esta investigación es que la fobia social provoca un impacto en la ocupación de las personas afectadas, y por ende en las áreas de desempeño, lo cual repercute negativamente en la calidad de vida de los individuos. Los objetivos del trabajo son por un lado determinar cómo se alteran las áreas de desempeño ocupacional en personas con fobia social. Además, se desea también establecer funciones del Terapeuta Ocupacional en el tratamiento de personas con este trastorno. Se trata de una investigación de tipo cualitativo utilizando una entrevista semi estructurada para la recolección de datos y a través del relato de historia de vida, se determinan ejes de análisis para comprender el impacto de la Fobia Social.

Social phobia is included on the anxiety disorders group, with symptoms like: advance anguish, exposure anxiety and avoidance, in all social situations. Considering symptoms of this disorder, research’s hypothesis is social phobia affects patient’s occupations and therefore performance’s areas, which strikes in a negative way on his or her life’s quality. The aims of the work are on the one hand to determine how there are altered the areas of occupational performance in persons by social phobia. In addition, one wants to establish also functions of the Occupational Therapist in the persons' treatment with this disorder. It is a question of an research of qualitative type using an interview semi constructed for the compilation of information and across the statement of history of life, axes of analysis decide to understand the impact of the Social Phobia.

Predictores de coledocolitiasis en población de alto riesgo sometida a pancreatocolangiografía retrógrada endoscópica en el Hospital Arzobispo Loayza / Predicting of choledocholithiasis in population of high risk submissive an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in yhe Hospital Arzobispo Loayza

Introducción: La coledocolitiasis es una complicación frecuente de la litiasis vesicular. La pancreatocolangiografía retrógrada endoscópica (PCRE) es el "gold Standard" para su diagnóstico y tratamiento, sin embargo debido a su significativa morbilidad y mortalidad, otros métodos diagnósticos han sido planteados, tales como la colangiografía intraoperatoria (CIO) y la colangioresonancia (CRMN), reservado a la PCRE sólo para fines terapéuticos. Objetivo: Verificar la utilidad de los predoctores de coledocolitiasis descritos en la literatura. Material y Método: Estudio correlacional, observacional, transversal prospectivo que se realizó entre agosto del 2004 y enero del 2005 en el Hospital Arzobispo Loayza. Conocidos criterios clínicos, bioquímicos y ecográficos predictores de coledocolitiasis fueron analizados en 151 pacientes sometidos a PCRE. Usando análisis univariado y multivariado, se identificaron los factores de riesgo para coledocolitiasis, en el total de pacientes del estudio, así como en los pacientes colecistectomizados o no antes de la PCRE. Resultados: El análisis univariado en el total de pacientes encontró que la edad, ictericia, colangitis, biblirrubina directa, amilasa, deshidrogenada láctica (DHL), dilatación del colédoco (>8mm) y coledocolitiasis por ecografía, estuvieron asociados con coledocolitiasis. Cuando se evaluó por separado, el análisis multivariado en los tres grupos se encontró que sólo la dilatación del colédoco por ecografía fue el único predictor de coledocolitiasis en el grupo de pacientes post-operados. Conclusiones: Ningún indicador único es capaz de predecir, con total exactitud, la presencia de coledocolitiasis. Pero los parámetros descritos en la literatura, son de utilidad en nuestro medio.

Introducction: The choledocholithiasis is a frequent complication of gallstone disease. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is suitable for its diagnosis and treatment. That approach has both significative morbility and mortality so others methods of diagnosis have been proposed such as intraoperatorycholangiography (IOC) and magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC), reserving ERCP only for therapy purpose.OBJETIVES: Verify the utility of choledocholithiasis predictors described in literature MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a correlational observational transversal prospective approach. It was performed at the Arzobispo Loayza Hospital from August 2004 to January 2005. Many clinical, biochemical and ecographyc predictorsof choledocholithiasis were analyzed in 151 patient underwent to ERCP. In all people under study and analyzing separately patients underwent to cholecystectomy or not previous to ERCP, it was identified some risk factors for choledocholithiasis by means of both univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS: The univariate analysis showed a relationships among age, icterus, cholangytis, direct bilirrubin, amylase, lactic deshidrogenasa, ductal dilatation (minor 8mm) and choledocholithiasis. In all groups, the multivariate analysis determined that ductal dilatation by ecography was the unique predictor for choledocholithiasisin the group of patients postoperated.CONCLUSIONS: None single indicator was able to predict with accuracy thecholedocholithiasis. However, the parameters described in the literature are useful in our country.

Increase of the final setting time of brushite cements by using chondroitin 4-sulfate and silica gel.

Chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) is a bioactive glycosaminoglycan with inductive properties in bone and tissue regeneration. Dicalcium phosphate dehydrate cements (known as brushite) are biocompatible and resorbable materials used in bone and dental surgery. In this study we analyzed the effect of C4S on the setting of a calcium phosphate cement and the properties of the resulting material. Brushite based cement powder was synthesised by mixing monocalcium phosphate with beta-tricalcium phosphate and sodium pyrophosphate. When the concentration of C4S, in the liquid added to the cement powder, was between 1 and 8% the cement final setting time increases. Furthermore, the cement diametral tensile strength remains unaffected when solutions with concentrations of C4S below 5% were used, but decreases at higher C4S concentrations. Calorimetric analysis showed that the cements prepared with C4S alone and in combination with silica gel have a greater content of hydrated water. We concluded from our study that the addition of small amounts of C4S increases the cement setting time without affecting its diametral tensile strength and at the same time improves the cement's hydrophilicity.

Evaluación de integración sensorial en adultos con esquizofrenia / Sensory integration evaluation in adults with schizophrenia

En la actualidad, los avances en salud y el concepto de relación entre mente y cuerpo han exigido investigar y proponer estrategias cada vez más integrales para abarcar enfermedades tan complejas como la Esquizofrenia. Entre ellas, aparece la Integración Sensorial como una propuesta para explicar algunos de los déficits y proponer intervenciones. El Modelo de Integración Sensorial, ha sido tradicionalmente usado por los Terapeutas Ocupacionales en niños. En nuestro país no existen publicaciones acerca de la utilización del Modelo de Integración Sensorial en personas adultas con diagnóstico de Esquizofrenia, tampoco existen herramientas que evalúen el procesamiento sensorial en esta población. El objetivo de esta publicación, es revisar los estudios internacionales existentes en relación al tema y realizar una propuesta a los Terapeutas Ocupacionales para evaluar las posibles alteraciones de Integración Sensorial en personas adultas con diagnóstico de Esquizofrenia y cómo éstas alteraciones influyen en el desempeño ocupacional.

In recent times, the advances in health science and the concept of mind and body have pushed for further investigation and the proposal of even more integral strategies to treat complex illnesses like Schizophrenia. Among these, the Sensory Integration approach appears as a new focus that may explain some of the deficits and propose alternatives for treatment. The Sensory Integration framework has been traditionally used by Occupational Therapists in work with children. In our country there are no publications regarding the use of Sensory Integration in adults diagnosed with Schizophrenia, there is also a lack of tools to evaluate sensory processing among this population. The aim of this publication is to review existing international studies on this topic and to develop a proposal for Occupational Therapists to assess possible Sensory Integration dysfunction in adults diagnosed with Schizophrenia and how these alterations may influence their occupational performance.

La mujer en las profesiones de la salud / The woman in the health care professions

El presente artículo busca establecer, a partir de la detección de competencias afectivas entre las jóvenes que se encuentran estudiando profesiones de la salud, una reflexión acerca de la presencia femenina en esta área profesional. El análisis incluye elementos del desarrollo moral femenino, de la vocación por cuidar y prevenir el riesgo, y del perfil profesional que se va generando en las carreras dedicadas al cuidado de la salud humana.

This paper tries to establish, through identifying the affective capacities of young women who are studying health care professions, a reflection about the feminine presence in this professional sector. This analysis includes some aspects of the feminine moral development, the vocation to care and to prevent risks and the professional profile that has been developed in careers dedicated to health care.

O presente artigo procura estabelecer, a partir da detecção de competencias afetivas entre as jovens estudantes nas profissões de saúde, uma reflexão sobre a presença feminina nesta área profissional. A análise inclui elementos do desenvolvimento moral feminino, da vocação de cuidar e previnir o risco, bem como do perfil profissional que vai sendo gerado nas profissionais dedicadas ao cuidado da saúde humana.