Toward real applicability of electro-ozonizers: Paying attention to the gas phase using actual commercial PEM electrolyzers technology.

This work focuses on increasing the TRL of electro-ozonizer technology by evaluating the effect of electrolyte composition and operation conditions on the production of ozone, using an actual commercial cell, CONDIAPURE®, in conditions similar to what could be expected in a real application. Not only is attention paid to the changes in the concentration of ozone in the liquid phase, but also to those observed in the gas phase. The electrolyte and its recirculation flowrate, as well as operation temperatures and pressures are found to have significant influence on production rates. The most efficient way to produce ozone is operating at low temperatures and high pressures. In this work, 0.25 and 0.21 mg O3/min were obtained operating at 10 A in electrolytes consisting of aqueous solutions of perchloric and sulfuric acid, respectively, in tests carried out at 13 °C and 2 bars of gauge pressure. The negative effect of scavengers that appear electrochemically along the production of ozone is very important and seems to be partially compensated when organics are present in the solution due to the competition between the reaction of these scavengers with ozone or organics.

Efecto del catéter de hemodiálisis en la permeabilidad de fístulas arteriovenosas / The impact of hemodialysis catheter on arteriovenous fistula permeability

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto que tiene el uso de catéteres de hemodiálisis en la permeabilidad de fístulas arteriovenosas. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional, analítico, tipo cohorte retrospectiva. Se calculó un tamaño muestral de 195 pacientes, seleccionados aleatoriamente a partir del total de pacientes diagnosticados con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) terminal, a quienes se les realizó su primera fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. Como variables resultado se consideraron la trombosis de FAV y el tiempo de permeabilidad. Para el análisis inferencial se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi cuadrado; RR (IC 95%); curvas Kaplan-Meier; regresión de Cox; considerando un valor de p significativo < 0,05. Resultados: El 52,3% utilizó catéter de hemodiálisis, de los cuales el 49,5% presentó trombosis de su FAV versus el 17,7% del grupo sin este antecedente (p < 0,001); estimándose en el análisis univariado un riesgo de trombosis 2,7 veces mayor en pacientes con catéter previo a la confección de su FAV (IC 95% 1,7 a 4,4). En el análisis multivariado, se identificó como único factor significativo el antecedente de catéter de hemodiálisis, estimándose que los pacientes usuarios de catéter previo a la confección de su FAV tienen 2,8 veces más riesgo de trombosis en el tiempo que quienes no utilizaron catéter (IC 95% 1,6 a 4,9), quienes además presentaron un tiempo de permeabilidad significativamente menor (p < 0,001) en comparación con pacientes sin antecedente de catéter (28,1 vs 43,9 meses). Conclusión: Identificamos el uso del catéter de hemodiálisis como un factor de riesgo de trombosis de fístulas arteriovenosas, afectando significativamente su permeabilidad en el tiempo.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of hemodialysis catheter on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) permeability. Materials and Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, including 195 patients randomly selected from all patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure, who had their first arteriovenous fistula between January 2014 and December 2018. The outcomes were arteriovenous fistula thrombosis and permeability. For data analysis we used Chi-square test; Relative-Risk (CI 95%); Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression; p value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: The 52.3% of the patients used hemodialysis catheter, from this group, the 49.5% had AVF thrombosis versus the 17.7% of the group without history of hemodialysis catheter (p < 0.001), estimating in the univariate analysis a risk of thrombosis 2.7 times higher in patients with catheter before the creation of their AVF (CI 95% 1.7 a 4.4), as well as, in the multivariate analysis the risk of AVF thrombosis was 2.8 times higher in this group of patients, being identified the history of hemodialysis catheter as the only significative risk factor for thrombosis. Additionally, the AVF permeability time in this group was significantly less (p < 0.001) than patients without history of hemodialysis catheter (28.1 vs 43.9 months). Conclusion: We identified the hemodialysis catheter as a risk factor of arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, decreasing significantly its permeability time.

EDIL3 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and paclitaxel resistance through its interaction with integrin αVß3 in cancer cells.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has recently been associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance in several tumor types. We performed a differential gene expression analysis comparing paclitaxel-resistant vs. paclitaxel-sensitive breast cancer cells that showed the upregulation of EDIL3 (EGF Like Repeats and Discoidin I Like Domains Protein 3). This gene codifies an extracellular matrix protein that has been identified as a novel regulator of EMT, so we studied its role in tumor progression and paclitaxel response. Our results demonstrated that EDIL3 expression levels were increased in paclitaxel-resistant breast and prostate cancer cells, and in subsets of high-grade breast and prostate tumors. Moreover, we observed that EDIL3 modulated the expression of EMT markers and this was impaired by cilengitide, which blocks the EDIL3-integrin αVß3 interaction. EDIL3 knockdown reverted EMT and sensitized cells to paclitaxel. In contrast, EDIL3 overexpression or the culture of cells in the presence of EDIL3-enriched medium induced EMT and paclitaxel resistance. Adding cilengitide resensitized these cells to paclitaxel treatment. In summary, EDIL3 may contribute to EMT and paclitaxel resistance through autocrine or paracrine signaling in cancer cells. Blockade of EDIL3-integrin αVß3 interaction by cilengitide restores sensitivity to paclitaxel and reverts EMT in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells. Combinations of cilengitide and taxanes could be beneficial in the treatment of subsets of breast and prostate cancers.

Perfil biopsicosocial del paciente con tuberculosis y factores asociados a la adherencia terapéutica+ / Biopsychosocial profile of the patient with tuberculosis and factors associated with therapeutic adherence

INTRODUCCIÓN: La resistencia antibiótica y una inadecuada adherencia terapéutica son fenómenos que favorecen la proliferación de la tuberculosis. Los cambios sociodemográficos nos desafían a conocer la realidad actual de la enfermedad a través de antecedentes que nos permitan contextualizar un nuevo escenario. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar el perfil biopsicosocial del paciente con tuberculosis y su relación con la adherencia terapéutica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, correlacional. Muestra de 90 pacientes tratados en 35 Centros de Salud Familiar de los Servicios de Salud de Iquique, Metropolitano Norte, Concepción y Reloncaví. RESULTADOS: los componentes biopsicosociales como edad, antecedentes de enfermedad mental, autoestima, situación sentimental, pertenencia a grupos de riesgo, alcoholismo, drogadicción y situación de calle presentaron una relación estadísticamente significación con la adherencia terapéutica. CONCLUSIONES: La caracterización biopsicosocial del paciente con tuberculosis visibiliza nuevos factores relacionados con la adherencia que deben ser considerados para una atención interdisciplinaria.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance and inadequate therapeutic adherence are phenomena that promote the proliferation of tuberculosis. Sociodemographic changes challenge us to know the real situation of the disease and allows us to contextualize a new scenario. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the biopsychosocial profile of the patient with tuberculosis and its relationship to therapeutic adherence. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study. Sample of 90 patients treated at 35 Family Health Centers from the following Chilean Public Health Services: Iquique, Metropolitan northern (Santiago), Concepción and Reloncaví. RESULTS: Biopsychosocial components such as age, history of mental illness, self-esteem, sentimental status, belonging to risk groups, alcoholism, drug addiction and homeless situation presented a statistically significant relationship with therapeutic adherence. CONCLUSIONS: The biopsychosocial characterization of the TB patient evidence a new adherence-related factors that should be considered for interdisciplinary care.

Clopyralid degradation by AOPs enhanced with zero valent iron.

Four different technologies have been compared (photolysis, ZVI + photolysis, electrolysis and ZVI + electrolysis) regarding the: (1) degradation of clopyralid, (2) extent of its mineralization, (3) formation of by-products and main reaction pathways. Results show that photolysis is the less efficient treatment and it only attains 5 % removal of the pollutant, much less than ZVI, which reaches 45 % removal and that electrolysis, which attains complete removal and 78 % mineralization within 4 h. When ZVI is used as pre-treatment of electrolysis, it was obtained the most efficient technology. The identification of transformation products was carried out for each treatment by LCMS. In total, ten products were identified. Tentative pathways for preferential clopyralid degradation for all processes were proposed. This work draws attention of the synergisms caused by the coupling of techniques involving the treatment of chlorinated compound and sheds light on how the preferential mechanisms of each treatment evaluated occurred.

Initial clinical outcomes and prognostic variables in the implementation of a Code Sepsis in a high complexity University Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the first months of application of a Code Sepsis in a high complexity hospital, analyzing patient´s epidemiological and clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. METHODS: A long-term observational study was carried out throughout a consecutive period of seven months (February 2015 - September 2015). The relationship with mortality of risk factors, and analytic values was analyzed using uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 237 patients were included. The in-hospital mortality was 24% at 30 days and 27% at 60 days. The mortality of patients admitted to Critical Care Units was 30%. Significant differences were found between the patients who died and those who survived in mean levels of creatinine (2.30 vs 1.46 mg/dL, p <0.05), lactic acid (6.10 vs 2.62 mmol/L, p <0.05) and procalcitonin (23.27 vs 12.73 mg/dL, p<0.05). A statistically significant linear trend was found between SOFA scale rating and mortality (p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis additional independent risk factors associated with death were identified: age > 65 years (OR 5.33, p <0.05), lactic acid > 3 mmol/L (OR 5,85, p <0,05), creatinine > 1,2 mgr /dL (OR 4,54, p <0,05) and shock (OR 6,57, P <0,05). CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological, clinical and mortality characteristics of the patients in our series are similar to the best published in the literature. The study has identified several markers that could be useful at a local level to estimate risk of death in septic patients. Studies like this one are necessary to make improvements in the Code Sepsis programs.

Carcinoma sebáceo extraocular, reporte de un caso / Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma, case report

RESUMEN El carcinoma sebáceo es una neoplasia anexial poco común que puede originarse en cualquier lugar del cuerpo donde existan glándulas sebáceas, siendo la principal ubicación la cabeza y el cuello, existiendo la presentación ocular y extraocular. Alcanza entre 0,2% a 4,6% de todas las neoplasias cutáneas malignas, con mayor incidencia en los adultos mayores caucásicos. La presentación clínica habitual corresponde a un nódulo duro o quístico subcutáneo eritematoso o amarillento, indoloro, de crecimiento acelerado. Sin embargo, puede manifestarse como una amplia gama de lesiones cutáneas, lo que, agregado a su baja incidencia, sea altamente subdiagnosticado. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 64 años con tumor exofítico malar izquierdo con ulceraciones y áreas de necrosis en la superficie, sin compromiso de párpado inferior, de agudeza visual ni motilidad ocular. Se realiza resección del tumor, cuya biopsia definitiva confirma diagnóstico de carcinoma sebáceo extraocular.

ABSTRACT Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare anexal neoplasm that can develop on any part of the body containing sebaceous glands, but nearly the 70% of sebaceous carcinoma occur on the head and neck, being two ways of presentation, ocular and extraocular. It represents 0.2-4.6 % of all malignant neoplastic cutaneous lesions, whit a peak incidence in the eighth decades of life, in caucasian people. Typical clinical presentation of sebaceous carcinoma is a painless, firm or cystic subcutaneous nodule described as pink to red-yellow, however clinical features can be quite varied, which added to its low incidence leads to the diagnosis is often delayed for months to years. We present the case of a 64 years old patient whit an exofitic malar tumor ulcerated and necrotic in the surface, without compromising the lower eyelid, vision or ocular mobility. The biopsy of the tumor resection shows an extraocular sebaceous carcinoma.

Reporte de un caso: embarazo gemelar con un feto vivo y mola completa / Case report: twin pregnancy with a live fetus and complete mole

RESUMEN La coexistencia de una mola completa y un feto vivo es una condición infrecuente que puede evolucionar con múltiples complicaciones tanto maternas como fetales; entre ellas aborto, preeclampsia, hipertiroidismo, metrorragia, parto pretérmino y enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional persistente. No existe consenso internacional respecto al manejo de esta condición, aun conociéndose el mal pronóstico para el feto y los elevados riesgos maternos asociados. El siguiente es un reporte de un caso clínico de embarazo gemelar con feto vivo y mola completa, diagnosticado a las 12+1 semanas. Luego de realizar consejería, y en contexto de la legislación chilena en el año 2015, se decide continuar con el embarazo. La paciente es monitorizada en policlínico de alto riesgo obstétrico con controles seriados de b-HCG, ecografía fetal y RNM pélvica. Desde las 13 semanas presenta hipertensión arterial que se maneja con antihipertensivos orales; posteriormente, a las 20+2 semanas, desarrolla un cuadro de preeclampsia severa por lo que, en conjunto con la paciente, se decide realizar histerectomía en bloque. Dada la persistencia de valores de b-HCG elevados a las 12 semanas post interrupción del embarazo, se decide tratamiento con metotrexato. El caso fue analizado en Comité de Ginecología Oncológica donde se decidió seguimiento con b-HCG, lográndose la negativización a las 38 semanas post metotrexato. Se confirmaron valores negativos de b-HCG por 6 meses, tras lo cual fue dada de alta.

ABSTRACT The coexistence of a complete mole and an alive fetus is a rare condition that can evolve with multiple complications both maternal and fetal; among them abortion, preeclampsia, hyperthyroidism, uterine bleeding, preterm labor and persistent gestational trophoblastic disease. There is no international consensus regarding the management of this condition, despite the poor prognosis for the fetus and the associated high maternal risks. The following is a report of a clinical case of twin pregnancy with live fetus and complete mole, diagnosed at 12+1 weeks. After counseling, and in the context of Chilean legislation in 2015, it is decided to continue with pregnancy. The patient is monitored in a high-risk pregnancy outpatient clinic with follow ups b-HCG, fetal ultrasound and pelvic MRI. From 13 weeks, the patient presents high blood pressure that is managed with oral antihypertensives; and later, with 20+2 weeks, developed severe preeclampsia which is why, in conjunction with patient, it was decided to perform a block hysterectomy. Given the persistence of elevated b-HCG values at 12 weeks post-termination of pregnancy, treatment with methotrexate was decided. The case was analyzed in the local Committee of Oncological Gynecology, in which it was decided to follow the b-HCG curve, achieving negative values at 38 weeks post-methotrexate. Negative values of b-HCG were confirmed for 6 months, after which it was discharged.

Riesgo de trastorno de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes chilenos de diferentes tipos de establecimientos educacionales / Risk of eating disorders in Chilean adolescents of different types educational establishments

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son patologías de salud mental complejas, caracterizados por una alteración persistente del comer o del comportamiento relacionado con la alimentación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el riesgo de TCA en adolescentes de diferentes tipos de establecimientos educacionales de la ciudad de Concepción, Chile. La muestra fue constituida por estudiantes de 7mo año básico a 4to año de enseñanza media, cuyo rango de edad fue de 13 a 18 años, pertenecientes a establecimientos educacionales municipalizados, particular subvencionados y particular, de la ciudad de Concepción. Para determinar riesgo de TCA, se empleó el instrumento de Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-40), junto a ello se realizaron mediciones de peso y talla para calcular el Índice de Masa Corporal. La muestra final comprendió 1056 estudiantes, de los cuales 37,5% eran hombres y 62,5% eran mujeres. El riesgo de desarrollar un TAC fue de 16,1%, siendo mayor en mujeres (21,8%) en relación con los hombres (6,6%) (p<0.001). Se evidenció mayor riesgo de TCA en mujeres con estado nutricional con sobrepeso (27,7%) y en hombres con estado nutricional de obesidad (14,7%). Al evaluar riesgo de TCA por tipo de establecimientos educacionales, se observan diferencias, pero sin resultados significativos (p 0,2008). Es relevante contar con políticas públicas que permitan abordar y acompañar a los adolescentes en riesgo de desarrollar un TCA(AU)

Eating disorders are complex mental health illnesses, characterized by irregular eating habits or behavior related to food. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of eating disorders in adolescents from different educational establishments in the city of Concepción. The sample was constituted by students of seventh grade of basic education to fourth year of secondary, whose age range was from 13 to 18, belonging to public, subsidized and private educational establishments in the city of Concepción. To determine the risk of eating disorder, the Eating Attitudes (EAT-40) was used, and weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index. The final sample was composed of 1056 students, of which 37,5% were men and 62,5% women. The risk of developing an eating disorder was 16,1%, being higher in women (21,8%) in relation to men (6,6%) (p <0,001). It was demonstrated a higher risk of TCA in overweight women (27, 7%) and men with obesity (14, 7%). In assessing risks of TCA per type of educational establishments there were some differences but without significant results (p 0, 2008). It is essential to have public policies that allow the approach and accompany adolescents at risk of developing a disorder of eating behavior(AU)

Tumor triquilemal proliferante: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Trichilemmal proliferating tumor: case report and literature review

RESUMEN El tumor triquilemal proliferante es una neoplasia poco frecuente, usualmente sólida o parcialmente quística que se origina de la vaina externa de la raíz de un folículo piloso. Ocurre principalmente como una lesión solitaria en el cuero cabelludo de mujeres mayores. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 56 años con un tumor cervical de nueve años de evolución. El estudio de la pieza de resección confirmó el diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Trichilemmal proliferating tumor is an infrequent neoplasia, usually solid or partially cystic, originating in the external root sheath of hair follicle. It occurs mainly as a solitary lesion in the scalp in older women. We report the case of a 56 years old woman with a cervical tumor of nine years of growth. Histology of the resection specimen confirmed the diagnosis.

Concentraciones de Vitamina D en niños y adolescentes con enfermedad celíaca / Vitamin D concentrations in children and adolescents with celiac disease

INTRODUCCIÓN: En celíacos la ingesta de gluten provoca una lesión inflamatoria de origen autoinmune que causa un daño progresivo de las vellosidades del intestino delgado, comprometiendo la absorción de nutrientes y posible daño a otros órganos. OBJETIVO: Determinar las concentraciones plasmáticas de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25OHD) en niños y adolescentes chilenos con enfermedad celíaca. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Participaron 16 pacientes pediátricos de ambos sexos, diagnosticados con enfermedad celíaca. Se determinó antecedentes ge nerales, estado nutricional y parámetros bioquímicos. Las concentraciones plasmáticas de 25OHD se clasificaron como suficientes cuando estaban entre 30-100 ng/ml, insuficiente (20-29 ng/ml) y deficiente (< 20 ng/ml). RESULTADOS: La edad de los pacientes estaba comprendida entre 5 y 18 edad (edad: 11 ± 4 años). De los participantes 4 de 16 presentaron concentraciones normales de 25OHD, 8 insuficiente y 1 deficiente. Según IMC, 11 tenían estado nutricional normal, 4 sobrepeso y 1 obesidad. El diagnóstico de la talla mostró 7 de 16 casos de talla baja y normal baja. Al relacionar las concentraciones de 25OHD con estado nutricional, los parámetros deficientes e insuficientes se concentraron en 9 pacientes con estado nutricional normal, 2 con sobrepeso y 1 con obesidad. Se realizaron asociaciones entre las concentraciones de 25OHD y todas las variables estudiadas y no se encontró ninguna asociación significativa. CONCLUSIÓN: Se encontró una alta frecuencia de insuficiencia y deficiencia de 25OHD en el grupo de niños y adolescentes chilenos con enfermedad celíaca.

INTRODUCTION: In children with celiac disease, gluten intake causes an autoimmune, inflammatory and progressive lesion of the small intestine villi, compromising the absorption of nutrients and pos sible damage to others organs. OBJECTIVE: To determine plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in Chilean child and adolescents with celiac disease. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in which 16 pediatric patients of both genders diagnosed with celiac disease participated. General background, nutritional status and biochemical parameters were determined. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were classified as sufficient between 30-100 ng/ ml, insufficient between 20-30 ng/ml and deficient as <20 ng/ml. RESULTS: The age of the patients was between 5 and 18 years (age: 11 ± 4 years). Four out of 16 participants had normal 25(OH)D concentrations, eight had insufficient concentrations and one had deficient concentrations. Accor ding to BMI, 11 patients had normal nutritional status, four were overweight and one was obese. In relation to height, seven out of 16 cases presented short stature and normal-low height. Associating 25(OH)D concentrations to nutritional status, nine patients with normal nutritional status, two with overweight and one with obesity presented deficient and insufficient parameters. No significant asso ciations were found between 25(OH)D concentrations and all studied variables. CONCLUSION: A high frequency of insufficiency and deficiency of 25(OH)D was found in the group of Chilean children and adolescents with celiac disease.

Caracterización del deseo sexual en mujeres climatéricas de un centro de salud rural / Characterization of sexual desire in climacteric women in a rural health center

OBJETIVO GENERAL: Caracterizar el deseo sexual en mujeres climatéricas de un centro de salud rural. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio no exploratorio descriptivo - transversal, que comprende mujeres entre 45 a 64 años que se controlan en un CESFAM Rural, 2016. La muestra fue de 146 mujeres que contestaron una encuesta auto aplicada, entre ellos el test del deseo sexual inhibido de M&J. Los datos fueron analizados con el software estadístico SPSS versión 22.0. RESULTADOS: Se encuestó a un total de 146 mujeres climatéricas, con un promedio de edad de 51.8 años, de ellas un 64.4% había tenido su menopausia. De las encuestadas sólo un 19,9% presentó inhibición del deseo sexual. La inhibición del deseo sexual se presentó con mayor frecuencia en mujeres que llevaban en promedio 29,3 años con sus parejas, aquellas que presentaban morbilidad crónica, y aquellas que reconocieron tener síntomas somáticos, psicológicos y urogenitales asociados a la menopausia. CONCLUSIÓN: En la evaluación del deseo sexual se debe considerar que existen varios factores que en él influyen y también una gran gama de instrumentos que pretenden medirlo. La mayoría de las usuarias climatéricas rurales (65,1%) no presentan inhibición del deseo sexual. Existen factores que pueden fomentar y causar una inhibición del deseo sexual, mientras otros pueden ayudar a evitar su aparición. Es fundamental conocer y manejar estos factores, con la finalidad de ayudar a la mujer climatérica a tener una mejor calidad de vida.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the sexual desire in climacteric women of a rural health center. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive - transversal non - exploratory study, comprising women between 45 and 64 years old who are controlled at a Rural CESFAM, 2016. The sample was 146 women who answered a self - administered survey, including the M & J inhibited sex drive test. The data were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: A total of 146 climacteric women were surveyed, with a mean age of 51.8 years, of which 64.4% had had their menopause. Of the respondents, only 19.9% showed inhibition of sexual desire. Inhibition of sexual desire occurred more frequently in women who had on average 29.3 years with their partners, those with chronic morbidity, and those who recognized having somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms associated with menopause. CONCLUSION: In the evaluation of sexual desire, it should be considered that there are several factors that influence it and also a wide range of instruments that aim to measure it. Most rural climateric users (65.1%) do not present inhibition of sexual desire. There are factors that can encourage and cause inhibition of sexual desire, while others can help prevent it from appearing. It is essential to know and manage these factors, in order to help climacteric women to have a better quality of life.

Dislipidemia en niños y adolescentes con historia familiar de enfermedad cardiovascular precoz / Dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with a family history of early cardiovascular disease

INTRODUCTION: In Chile, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the first cause of mortality. The risk of CVD is greater if other factors are associated, among which the family history of CVD acquires special relevance due it represents an independent risk factor of atherogenesis. Aim: To evaluate cardiovascular risk markers: lipid profile, hsCRP and nutritional status in children and adolescents with positive family history of early cardiovascular disease. SUBJECTS AND MATERIALS: Descriptive-transversal study. 138 children and adolescents with a mean age of 13,1 +/- 5,4 years were studied. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile and hsCRP were evaluated. RESULTS: Dyslipidemia was found in 55,1 percent of the studied population, that was mainly characterized by hypertryglyceridemia and decreased levels of HDL-chol (39,1 percent). In the total of dyslipidemic subjects, 10,5 percent showed 3 altered lipid parameters (total chol, tryglicerides and HDL-chol), 22,4 percent presented 2 parameters that were out the reference range (tryglicerides and HDL-chol) and the 34,2 percent had only one lipid parameter altered (low levels of HDL-chol or hypertriglyceridemia). Dyslipidemia was observed in 69,1 percent, of the overweight and obese population and it was 40,6 percent in the normal weight subjects. hsCRP concentrations were higher in dyslipidemic and overweight and obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidemia was highly frequent in children and adolescents with positive family history of early CVD and even higher in those overweight and obese subjects. These findings support the screening of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with positive family history of early CVD.

Scale-up of the electrokinetic fence technology for the removal of pesticides. Part II: Does size matter for removal of herbicides?

This work reports results of the application of electrokinetic fence technology in a 32 m3 -prototype which contains soil polluted with 2,4-D and oxyfluorfen, focusing on the evaluation of the mechanisms that describe the removal of these two herbicides and comparing results to those obtained in smaller plants: a pilot-scale mockup (175 L) and a lab-scale soil column (1 L). Results show that electric heating of soil (coupled with the increase in the volatility) is the key to explain the removal of pollutants in the largest scale facility while electrokinetic transport processes are the primary mechanisms that explain the removal of herbicides in the lab-scale plant. 2-D and 3-D maps of the temperature and pollutant concentrations are used in the discussion of results trying to give light about the mechanisms and about how the size of the setup can lead to different conclusions, despite the same processes are occurring in the soil.

Scale-up of the electrokinetic fence technology for the removal of pesticides. Part I: Some notes about the transport of inorganic species.

This work describes the application electrokinetic fence technology to a soil polluted with herbicides in a large prototype containing 32 m3 of soil. It compares performance in this large facility with results previously obtained in a pilot-scale mockup (175 L) and with results obtained in a lab-scale soil column (1 L), all of them operated under the same driving force: an electric field of 1.0 V cm-1. Within this wide context, this work focuses on the effect on inorganic species contained in soil and describes the main processes occurring in the prototype facility, as well as the differences observed respect to the lower scale plants. Thus, despite the same processes can be described in the three plants, important differences are observed in the evolution of the current intensity, moisture and conductivity. They can be related to the less important electroosmotic fluxes in the larger facilities and to the very different distances between electrodes, which lead to very different distribution of species and even to a very different evolution of the resulting current intensity. 2-D maps of the main species at different relevant moments of the test are discussed and important information is drawn from them. Ions depletion from soil appears as a very important problem which should be prevented if the effect of natural bioremediation and/or phytoremediation on the removal or organics aims to be accounted.

Evaluación nutricional y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de adolescentes chilenos que residen en hogares de familias hospedadoras / Nutritional assessment and adherence to the mediterranean diet of chilean adolescents residing in host families

El estilo de vida de los adolescentes puede conducir a hábitos y preferencias alimentarias poco saludables que promueven al sobrepeso y la obesidad, siendo un factor de riesgo presente y futuro para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas. La dieta mediterránea es uno de los modelos más saludables de alimentación por su asociación a una mayor esperanza de vida y a su efecto protector de las enfermedades crónicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el estado nutricional y la adherencia a una dieta mediterránea de un grupo de adolescentes chilenos que residen en hogares de familias hospedadoras. El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo y de corte transversal. Participaron 40 adolescentes de ambos sexos y de edad entre 14 y 22 años, que por motivos de estudio se trasladan a la ciudad para vivir en hogares de familias hospedadoras. Para la evaluación del estado nutricional se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se aplicó el test KIDMED para evaluar el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Los resultados indicaron que 50% de los adolescentes estudiados presentaban malnutrición por exceso y una baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Se concluye que la mayoría de los adolescentes estudiados presentan malnutrición por exceso; y su alimentación se aleja de las recomendaciones de una alimentación saludable y protectora como lo es la dieta mediterránea.

The lifestyle of adolescents can lead to eating habits and preferences least healthy that can cause overweight and obesity, making this a present and future risk factor for the develop-ment of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet is one of the healthiest eating models for its association to a greater hope of life and protection of chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional status and adherence to the Mediterranean diet of a group of Chilean adolescents that reside in homes of housing families. The design of the study was descriptive crossectional. Participants were 40 adolescents of both sexes between 14 and 22 years of age, who for study moved to the city to live in homes of host families. For the evaluation of the nutritional status, anthropometric measurements were made and the KIDMED test was applied to evaluate the grade of adherence to the mediterranean diet. The results indicate that 50% of the adolescents in the study present ed malnutrition due to excess and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. In conclusion most adolescents present malnutrition for excess; and their feeding stride far from the recommendations of a healthy and protective diet as the Mediterranean diet.

Síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz: una presentación atípica / Gorlin - Goltz syndrome: a non typical presentation

El síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz o síndrome de carcinoma de nevo baso celular es un desorden autosómico dominante caracterizado principalmente por múltiples carcinomas baso celular, queratoquistes y defectos del desarrollo. El queratoquiste odontogénico es una de las lesiones más constantes de este síndrome y con localización en el seno maxilar, se presenta habitualmente de manera asintomático y como hallazgo en exámenes radiológicos, sin embargo, puede presentarse de forma atípica, dando sintomatología secundaria a la compresión de estructuras vecinas, ya sea oculares o en la región facial. Además se debe realizar la evaluación genética y estudio de toda la familia. El tratamiento quirúrgico realizado por equipo con experiencia en este territorio anatómico, debe ser el menos agresivo considerando su alta tasa de recurrencia local.

The Gorlin - Goltz syndrome carcinoma or basal cell nevus syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized mainly by multiple baso cellular carcinoma, queratocysts and developmental defects. The odontogenic queratocyst is one of the most constant injuries of this syndrome and localization in the maxillary sinus, usually presenting asymptomatic and as a finding in radiological exams, however, may present atypically , giving symptoms related to compression neighboring structures either eye or facial region. In addition it should be performed genetic evaluation and study of the whole family. The surgical treatment performed by experienced team in this anatomical area, should be the least aggressive considering the high rate of local recurrence.

Tumor miofibroblástico de laringe: reporte de caso clínico y revisión de literatura / Miofibroflástico larynx tumor: case report and literature review

El tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio de laringe es una patología rara dentro de los tumores de cabeza, cuello y de vía aérea, con una baja prevalencia, existiendo escasa literatura al respecto. Corresponde a un tumor benigno que generalmente se presenta como hallazgo incidental en relación a cuerdas vocales con mayor frecuencia, que puede ser de carácter asintomático o presentarse con clínica de obstrucción de vía aérea como estridor y disnea progresiva, además de disfonía. Puede afectar a pacientes de cualquier edad, siendo más frecuentes en adultos en edad media. El diagnóstico se hace a través de radiología y visualización directa mediante laringoscopía con la consiguiente obtención de muestra y estudio histopatológico. El tratamiento consta en la resección quirúrgica completa de la lesión, asociado o no a terapia esteroidal, sin embargo la curación completa no se logra en todos los casos producto de la naturaleza recidivante de la lesión.

The inflammatory myofibroblastic umor of the larynx is a rare condition in tumors of head, neck and airway, with a low prevalence, and scarce existing literature. It corresponds to a benign tumor that usually occurs as an incidental finding in relation to vocal cords more frequently, which can be asymptomatic or present with clinical character of airway obstruction, as progressive stridor and dyspnea, plus dysphonia. It can affect patients of any age are more common in adults in middle age. The diagnosis is made by radiology and direct laryngoscopy with visualization by obtaining sample and histology. Treatment consists of surgical removal of the entire lesion with or without steroid therapy, however complete healing is not achieved in all the cases product of the recurrent nature of the patology.

Epidemiología del síndrome de ovario poliquístico en Chillán-Chile / Epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chillan-Chile

Introducción: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) es una disfunción endocrino metabólica de alta prevalencia, definida por alteraciones menstruales, hirsutismo, y ováricos morfológicamente poliquístico. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas de las pacientes con SOP atendidas en el consultorio adosado de especialidades (CAE) del Hospital clínico Herminda Martin (HCHM) de Chillán. Materiales y método: Estudio transversal de 116 pacientes con diagnóstico de SOP (CIE-10 E28.2), en edad fértil, con diagnóstico realizado en CAE del HCHM durante 2010 y 2014. Se obtuvieron datos demográficos y clínicos, luego fueron tabulados en Excel para su análisis. Resultados: El grupo etario más frecuente fueron las pacientes entre 15 y 19 años. En la mayoría de los casos, la consulta se debió a alteraciones menstruales e hirsutismo. Un 33,6% de las pacientes correspondieron a SOP clásico. Un 72,4% presentó insulinoresistencia (IR) y un 40% sobrepeso. Discusión: Su fuerte relación con síndrome metabólico, nos lleva a plantear la posibilidad de aplicar medidas de prevención primaria, en los grupos poblacionales que han sido caracterizados enfrentando esta patología como una enfermedad endocrino-metabólica y tratarla de forma integral por un grupo multidisciplinario. Se sugiere realizar una pesquisa sistemática en pacientes de riesgo, incluyendo el SOP en programas de pesquisa específicos para enfermedades no transmisibles (examen médico preventivo del adolecente y del adulto).

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic dysfunction highly prevalence, defined by menstrual alterations, hirsutism, and polycystic ovarian morphologically. Objetive: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with PCOS treated at the "Consultorio adosado de especialidades" (CAE) of the Hospital Clínico Herminda Martin (HCHM) of Chillán. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of 116 patients with a diagnosis of PCOS (ICD-10 E28.2), of childbearing age, with a diagnosis made at the HCHM CAE during 2010 and 2014. Demographic and clinical data were obtained and then tabulated in Excel for your analysis. Results: The most frequent age groups were patients aged 15 to 19 years. In most cases, the consultation was due to menstrual alterations and hirsutism. A total of 33.6% of the patients were classical PCOS. 72.4% had insulin resistance (IR) and 40% were overweight. Discussion: Its strong relationship with metabolic syndrome leads us to consider the possibility of applying primary prevention measures in the population groups that have been characterized as endocrine-metabolic disease and treated in an integral way by a multidisciplinary group. It is suggested to conduct a systematic study in patients at risk, including PCOS in specific programs for noncommunicable diseases (preventive medical examination of adolescents and adults).