Tendencias de mortalidad y años potenciales de vida perdidos por cáncer de ovario en México, 2000-2014.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En México, el cáncer de ovario representa 5.3 % de los diagnósticos de cáncer en todos los grupos de edad y 21 % de los cánceres ginecológicos; en las últimas tres décadas ha tenido un aumento constante. OBJETIVO: Determinar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer de ovario y los años potenciales de vida perdidos (APVP) por estado y región socioeconómica de México entre 2000 y 2014. MÉTODO: Se obtuvieron los registros de cáncer de ovario del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Se identificaron los códigos de la CIE-10 correspondientes a la causa básica de defunción por cáncer de ovario. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad y las tasas de APVP a nivel nacional, por estado y región socioeconómica. RESULTADOS: Entre 2000 y 2014, las tasas ajustadas por edad por 100 000 mujeres se incrementaron de 3.3 a 4.1. Las mayores tasas de mortalidad se identificaron en la región 7, en Chihuahua, Baja California Sur, Colima, Quintana Roo, Zacatecas, Sonora, Coahuila, Aguascalientes, Querétaro. La mayor tasa de APVP por cáncer de ovario se registró en las regiones 7, 5 y 6, en Nayarit, Baja California Sur, Zacatecas, Colima, Tlaxcala, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Coahuila, Aguascalientes y Querétaro. CONCLUSIONES: La región socioeconómica 7 de México presentó las mayores tasas de APVP y de mortalidad por cáncer de ovario. INTRODUCTION: In Mexico, ovarian cancer accounting for 5.3% of cancer diagnoses in all age groups and 21% of gynecological cancers and it has had a steady increase in the last three decades. OBJECTIVE: To determine mortality trends from ovarian cancer and potential years of life lost (PYLL) by state and socioeconomic region of Mexico between 2000 and 2014. METHOD: Records of ovarian cancer were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. ICD-10 codes corresponding to ovarian cancer as the basic cause of death were identified. Mortality rates and YPLL rates were calculated by nationwide, states and socioeconomic region. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2014, age-adjusted rates per 100,000 women increased from 3.3 to 4.1. The highest mortality rates were identified in region 7, in Chihuahua, Baja California Sur, Colima, Quintana Roo, Zacatecas, Sonora, Coahuila, Aguascalientes and Queretaro. The highest rates of PYLL due to ovarian cancer were recorded in regions 7, 5 and 6, Nayarit, Baja California Sur, Zacatecas, Colima, Tlaxcala, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Coahuila, Aguascalientes and Queretaro. CONCLUSIONS: Mexico's socioeconomic region 7 had the highest rates of PYLL and mortality from ovarian cancer.

[Mortality trends and years of potential life lost from prostate cancer in the 32 states and 7 sociecononomic regions of Mexico, 2000-2010]. / Tendencias de mortalidad y años potenciales de vida perdidos por cáncer de próstata en los 32 estados y en las 7 regiones socioeconómicas de México en el periodo 2000-2010.

OBJECTIVE: To determine trends of mortality from prostate cancer (PC) and years of potential life lost (YPLL) by federative entity and by socioeconomic region in the period 2000-2010. METHODS: Records of mortality associated with PC 2000-2010 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. This information is generated by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography through death certificates issued throughout the country. International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, codes corresponding to the basic cause of death from PC were identified. Rates of mortality nationwide, by state, and by socioeconomic region were calculated. Rates of YPLL were calculated by federative entity and by socioeconomic region. The seven socioeconomic regions were elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography and include the 31 states and Mexico City according to indicators that are related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing, and employment. RESULTS: Raw mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants who died from PC increased from 7.8 to 9.8 between 2000-2010. The states and socioeconomic regions with the higher rates of mortality from PC were Sinaloa, Sonora, Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Colima and regions 6 and 3. The state and socioeconomic regions with higher rate of APVP from PC were Aguascalientes, Nuevo León, Campeche, Baja California Sur, Durango and regions 6, 5, 3, 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: Raw mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants who died from PC increased from 7.8 to 9.8 between 2000-2010. The states and socioeconomic region with the higher mortality rates were Sinaloa, Sonora, Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Colima and regions 6 and 3. Mexico.

Mortality trends from hypertension in Mexico by socioeconomic region and state, 2000–2008 / Tendencias de mortalidad por hipertensión arterial por región socioeconómica y estado en México, 2000­2008

Objective. To determine mortality trends from hypertension in Mexico nationwide, by state, by socioeconomic region, and by sex and to establish an association between education, state of residence, and socioeconomic region with mortality from hypertension in 2000­2008. Methods. Records of mortality associated with hypertension for 2000­2008 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. This information is generated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics through death certificates issued throughout the country. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes corresponding to the basic cause of death from hypertension were identified. Rates of mortality nationwide, by state, and by socioeconomic region were calculated. The strength of association (obtained by Poisson regression) between states where individuals resided, socioeconomic regions, and education with mortality from hypertension was determined. The seven socioeconomic regions were elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics and include the 31 states and Mexico City according to indicators that are related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing, and employment. Results. Individuals who did not complete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from hypertension than people with more or no education [relative risk (RR) 1.462, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.442­1.482]. Mexico City, Oaxaca, and region 7 had the strongest association with dying from hypertension [Mexico City: RR 2.6, CI 2.1­3.2 (2000) and RR 2.5, CI 2.1­3.1 (2005); Oaxaca: RR 2.4, CI 2.0­3.0 (2006) and RR 2.7, CI 2.3­3.3 (2008); region 7: RR 1.58, CI 1.45­1.72 (2000) and RR 1.25, CI 1.17­1.34 (2008)]. Conclusions. Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100 000 inhabitants who died from hypertension increased from 15.7 to 18.5 between 2000 and 2008, taking the world population age distribution as standard. Mortality was higher in women than in men and in individuals who did not complete elementary school than in those with more or no education. The strongest associations were in Mexico City, Oaxaca, and region 7.

Objetivo. Determinar las tendencias de mortalidad por hipertensión arterial en México a nivel nacional, por estado, por región socioeconómica y por sexo, así como establecer una asociación entre la educación, el estado de residencia y la región socioeconómica y la mortalidad por hipertensión arterial entre los años 2000 y 2008. Métodos. Los datos de mortalidad asociada a la hipertensión arterial correspondientes a los años 2000­2008 se obtuvieron del Sistema Nacional de Información de la Secretaría de Salud. Esta información es generada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática a través de los certificados de defunción expedidos en todo el país. Se determinaron los códigos de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, 10.a Revisión, que corresponden a la hipertensión arterial como principal causa de muerte. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad en toda la nación, por estado y por región socioeconómica. Se determinó la potencia de la asociación (mediante la regresión de Poisson) entre el estado de residencia, la región socioeconómica y el nivel de educación y la mortalidad por hipertensión arterial. El Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática agrupa los 31 estados y la Ciudad de México en siete regiones socioeconómicas según los indicadores relativos al bienestar, tales como la educación, la ocupación, la salud, la vivienda y el empleo. Resultados. Las personas que no finalizaron la escuela primaria tenían un riesgo mayor de morir por hipertensión arterial que las personas con un mayor nivel educativo o sin ninguna formación (riesgo relativo [RR]: 1 462; intervalo de confianza de 95% (IC): 1 4421 482). La Ciudad de México, Oaxaca y la región 7 tenían la asociación más potente con la muerte por hipertensión arterial [Ciudad de México: RR: 2,6; IC: 2,13,2 (2000) y RR: 2,5; IC: 2,13,1 (2005); Oaxaca: RR: 2,4; IC: 2,03,0 (2006) y RR: 2,7; IC: 2,33,3 (2008); región 7: RR: 1,58; IC: 1,451,72 (2000) y RR: 1,25; IC: 1,171,34 (2008)]. Conclusiones. Las tasas de mortalidad por hipertensión arterial ajustadas por edad aumentaron de 15,7 a 18,5 por 100 000 habitantes entre los años 2000 y 2008, tomando como estándar la distribución de edades en la población mundial. La mortalidad fue mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres y en las personas que no finalizaron la escuela primaria que las personas con un mayor nivel educativo o sin ninguna formación. Las asociaciones más potentes se observaron en la Ciudad de México, Oaxaca y la región 7.

[Mortality trends from cervical cancer in the seven socioeconomic regions and the thirty two federative entities of Mexico, 2000-2008]. / Tendencias de mortalidad por cáncer cervicouterino en las siete regiones socioeconómicas y en las 32 entidades federativas de México en los años 2000-2008.

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the trend of mortality from cervical cancer nationwide, by federative entities and socioeconomic regions during the years 2000-2008. METHODS: The records of mortality associated to cervical cancer for the period 2000-2008 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. This information is generated by the National Institute of Statistics Geography and Informatics through the death certificates issued all around the country. The codes of the international disease classification 10 that correspond to the basic cause of death from cervical cancer were identified. The rates of mortality nationwide, by federative entity and by socioeconomic region were calculated. Through Poisson regression analysis was compared mortality rates from cervical cancer of the socioeconomic regions and federative entities. The 7 socioeconomic regions were elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics and include the 32 federative entities according to indicators that are related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing and employment. RESULTS: The federative entities and socioeconomic region with the strongest association with mortality from cervical cancer in the period 2000-2008 were Colima (RR: 1.67, IC 95%: 1.11-2.25 for the year 2000; RR: 1.92, IC 95%: 1.29-2.85 for the year 2008); Veracruz (RR: 1.85,IC 95%: 1.51-2.27 for 2000; RR: 1.91, IC 95%: 1.55-2.35 for 2008); Yucatan (RR: 2.24, IC 95%: 1.74-2.88 for 2000; RR:1.90, IC 95%: 1.44-2.49 for 2008); and region 1 (RR: 1.41, IC 95%: 1.23-1.6 for 2001; RR: 1.38, IC 95%: 1.2-1.58 for 2007).In this region for the year 2000 and 2008 the RR was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates per 100,000 women standardized using the world population decreased from 13.3 to 8.6 in the period 2000-2008. The entities and region with the strongest force of association with mortality due to cervical cancer were Colima, Veracruz,Yucatan and region 1.

Mortality trends from diabetes mellitus in the seven socioeconomic regions of Mexico, 2000-2007 / Tendencias de la mortalidad por diabetes mellitus en las siete regiones socioeconómicas de México, 2000-2007

OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in mortality from diabetes mellitus nationwide according to federative entity, socioeconomic region, and sex and to establish the association between education level, federation entity of residence, and socioeconomic region and mortality from diabetes in Mexico during the years 2000-2007. METHODS: Records of mortality associated with diabetes for 2000-2007 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. This information is generated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics through death certificates. Codes of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, that correspond to the basic cause of death from diabetes mellitus were identified. Rates of mortality by federative entity and socioeconomic region were calculated, along with the strength of association (obtained by Poisson regression) between federative entity of residence, socioeconomic region, and education level and mortality from diabetes. The seven socioeconomic regions elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics include the 32 federative entities according to indicators related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing, and employment. RESULTS: Individuals who did not complete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from diabetes (relative risk [RR] 2.104, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 2.089-2.119). The federative entity and socioeconomic region with the strongest association with mortality from diabetes were Mexico City (RR 2.5, CI 2.33-2.68 for 2000; RR 2.06, CI 1.95-2.18 for 2007) and region 7 (RR 2.47, CI 2.36-2.57 for 2000; RR 2.05, CI 1.98-2.13 for 2007). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates increased from 77.9 to 89.2 per 100 000 inhabitants in the period 2000-2007. Women had higher mortality than men. Individuals who did not complete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from diabetes (RR 2.104, CI 2.089-2.119). Mexico City as federative entity and socioeconomic region 7 presented the strongest association with mortality from diabetes.

OBJETIVO: Determinar las tendencias de mortalidad por diabetes mellitus en México, en función de cada entidad federativa, región socioeconómica y sexo, y establecer la relación entre el nivel de educación, la entidad federativa de residencia y la región socioeconómica, y la mortalidad por diabetes durante el período 2000-2007. MÉTODOS. Los datos de mortalidad asociada a la diabetes correspondientes a los años 2000 y 2007 se obtuvieron del Sistema Nacional de Información de la Secretaría de Salud; esta información es generada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía a partir de los certificados de defunción. Se determinaron los códigos de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, 10.ª Revisión, que corresponden a la diabetes mellitus como principal causa de muerte. Se calculó la mortalidad por entidad federativa y región socioeconómica, junto con la fuerza de asociación (mediante la regresión de Poisson) entre la entidad federativa de residencia, la región socioeconómica y el nivel de educación, y la mortalidad por diabetes. El Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Geografía agrupa las 32 entidades federativas en siete regiones socioeconómicas conforme a los indicadores relativos al bienestar, tales como educación, ocupación, salud, vivienda y empleo. RESULTADOS: Las personas que no finalizaron la escuela primaria están expuestas a un riesgo mayor de morir por diabetes (riesgo relativo [RR] 2 104; intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento [IC] 2 089-2 119). La asociación de mayor fuerza con la mortalidad por diabetes se registró en la ciudad de México (RR 2,5; IC 2,33-2,68 en el 2000; RR 2,06; IC 1,95-2,18 en el 2007) y en la región socioeconómica 7 (RR 2,47; IC 2,36-2,57 en el 2000; RR 2,05; IC 1,98-2,13 en el 2007). CONCLUSIONES: Las tasas de mortalidad aumentaron de 77,9 a 89,2 por 100 000 habitantes en el período 2000-2007 y fueron más altas entre las mujeres que entre los hombres. Las personas que no finalizaron la escuela primaria tuvieron un riesgo mayor de morir por diabetes (RR 2,104; IC 2,089-2,119). La entidad federativa de la ciudad de México y la región socioeconómica 7 presentaron la asociación de mayor fuerza con la mortalidad por diabetes.

[Antibodies against Chlamydophila in patients with acute myocardial infarction and coronary risk and their association with mortality]. / Anticuerpos contra Chlamydophila en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio y riesgo coronario, y su relación con la muerte.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to determine whether antibodies against Chlamydophila pneumoniae in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and coronary risk factors are associated with death. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 patients hospitalized in the Coronary Unit of Centro Medico La Raza Hospital of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, between 1999 and 2000. Subjects were males and females older than 18 years, diagnosed with AMI and coronary risk. Antibodies against Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psitacii and Chlamydia trachomatis were measured using an indirect microinmunofluorescence assay. In addition, blood samples from 33 patients from the original group were taken when the patients were discharged from the hospital,and 3 months after their myocardial infarction. Data analysis consisted of geometric means and standard deviations as well as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Seventy percent of patients presented antibodies against Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Antibodies against Chlamydophila psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis were not identified. No statistically significant association was found between antibodies and death in these patients with coronary risk factors and AMI. In the subgroup of 33 individuals 25 had antibodies against Chlamydophila pneumoniae and in 83% of them antibodies decreased three months after the AMI event. CONCLUSIONS: Even though patients with coronary risk factors and AMI had an increased seropositivity for Chlamydophila pneumoniae it was not significantly associated with death.