Probabilistic modeling and risk characterization of the chronic aflatoxin M1 exposure of Hungarian consumers.

Aflatoxin contamination can appear in various points of the food chain. If animals are fed with contaminated feed, AFB1 is transformed-among others-to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) metabolite. AFM1 is less toxic than AFB1, but it is still genotoxic and carcinogenic and it is present in raw and processed milk and all kinds of milk products. In this article, the chronic exposure estimation and risk characterization of Hungarian consumers are presented, based on the AFM1 contamination of milk and dairy products, and calculated with a probabilistic method, the two-dimensional Monte-Carlo model. The calculations were performed using the R plugin (mc2d package) integrated into the KNIME (Konstanz Information Miner) software. The simulations were performed using data from the 2018-2020 food consumption survey. The AFM1 analytical data were derived from the Hungarian monitoring survey and 1,985 milk samples were analyzed within the framework of the joint project of the University of Debrecen and the National Food Chain Safety Office of Hungary (NÉBIH). Limited AFM1 concentrations were available for processed dairy products; therefore, a database of AFM1 processing factors for sour milk products and various cheeses was produced based on the latest literature data, and consumer exposure was calculated with the milk equivalent of the consumed quantities of these products. For risk characterization, the calculation of hazard index (HI), Margin of Exposure, and the hepatocellular carcinoma incidence were used. The results indicate that the group of toddlers that consume a large amount of milk and milk products are exposed to a certain level of health risk. The mean estimated daily intake of toddlers is in the range of 0.008-0.221 ng kg-1 bw day-1; the 97.5th percentile exposure of toddlers is between 0.013 ng kg-1 bw day-1 and 0.379 ng kg-1 bw day-1, resulting in a HI above 1. According to our study, the exposure of older age groups does not pose an emergent health risk. Nevertheless, the presence of carcinogenic compounds should be kept to a minimum in the whole population.

Characterization and therapeutic application of canine adipose mesenchymal stem cells to treat elbow osteoarthritis.

Visceral adipose tissue (AT) obtained from surgical waste during routine ovariectomies was used as a source for isolating canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). As determined by cytofluorimetry, passage 2 cells expressed MSC markers CD44 and CD90 and were negative for lineage-specific markers CD34 and CD45. The cells differentiated toward osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic directions. With therapeutic aims, 30 dogs (39 joints) suffering from elbow dysplasia (ED) and osteoarthritis (OA) were intra-articularly transplanted with allogeneic MSCs suspended in 0.5% hyaluronic acid (HA). A highly significant improvement was achieved without any medication as demonstrated by the degree of lameness during the follow-up period of 1 y. Control arthroscopy of 1 transplanted dog indicated that the cartilage had regenerated. Histological analysis of the cartilage biopsy confirmed that the regenerated cartilage was of hyaline type. These results demonstrate that transplantation of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) is a novel, noninvasive, and highly effective therapeutic tool in treating canine elbow dysplasia.

Du tissu adipeux viscéral (TA) obtenu de résidus chirurgicaux lors d'ovariectomies de routine a été utilisé comme source pour isoler des cellules souches mésenchymateuses canines (CSMs). Tel que déterminé par cytofluorométrie, les cellules du 2e passage exprimaient les marqueurs de CSM CD44 et CD90, et étaient négatives pour les marqueurs spécifiques de lignée CD34 et CD45. Les cellules se sont différenciées dans des directions ostéogéniques, adipogéniques, et chondrogéniques. À des fins thérapeutiques, 30 chiens (39 articulations) souffrant de dysplasie du coude (DC) et d'ostéoarthrite (OA) ont reçu une transplantation intra articulaire de CSMs allogéniques en suspension dans 0,5 % d'acide hyaluronique (AH). Une amélioration hautement significative a été obtenue sans aucune médication tel que démontré par le degré de boiterie durant la période de suivi de 1 an. Une arthroscopie de contrôle de un des chiens ayant reçu une transplantation montrait que le cartilage s'était régénéré. L'analyse histologique de la biopsie du cartilage a confirmé que le cartilage régénéré était de type hyalin. Ces résultats démontrent que la transplantation de cellules souches mésenchymateuses dérivées de tissu adipeux allogène est un outil thérapeutique novateur, non-invasif, et très efficace pour traiter la dysplasie du coude chez le chien.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).