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Molecular testing for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules has demonstrated benefit by reducing the need for diagnostic thyroidectomies and reducing costs. Its use is currently recommended in practice guidelines from the American Thyroid Association and the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons when clinically appropriate. Moreover, there is growing evidence that molecular testing may provide prognostic information and can detect targetable genetic alterations which may expand treatment options for refractory advanced thyroid cancers.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/genética , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/terapia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Tireoidectomia , PrognósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We aim to evaluate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following adrenalectomy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the Collaborative Endocrine Surgery Quality Improvement Program was performed to assess incidence for VTE, including pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis, in adults undergoing adrenalectomy (2014-2022). RESULTS: 2567 patients undergoing adrenalectomy were included. Surgical approach was 10% open and 90% minimally invasive. Pathology was 13% malignant and 87% benign; 19% had hypercortisolism. VTE developed in 0.27% at a median of 8 days from surgery. The incidence was higher in primary adrenal malignancy compared to benign or metastases to the adrenals, p â< â0.01. VTE was associated with longer hospital stay, longer operative time, readmission, and mortality. VTE rates were similar for hypercortisolism vs no hypercortisolism and between patients with clinical vs subclinical hypercortisolism. CONCLUSION: Although VTE following adrenalectomy is rare, it is more common in cases of primary adrenal malignancy, those with longer operations, or those requiring prolonged hospitalization.
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Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais , Síndrome de Cushing , Embolia Pulmonar , Tromboembolia Venosa , Adulto , Humanos , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Incidência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adrenalectomia/efeitos adversos , Síndrome de Cushing/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Current evidence suggests that cortisol secreting adrenocortical carcinoma has worse prognosis compared to non-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma. However, the effect of other secretory subtypes is unknown. METHODS: This multicenter study within the American-Australian-Asian Adrenal Alliance included adults with adrenocortical carcinoma (1997-2020). We compared overall survival and disease-free survival among cortisol secreting, mixed cortisol/androgen secreting, androgen secreting, and non-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma. RESULTS: Of the 807 patients (mean age 50), 719 included in the secretory subtype analysis: 24.5% were cortisol secreting, 13% androgen secreting, 28% mixed cortisol/androgen, 32.5% non-secreting, and 2% were mineralocorticoid secreting. Median overall survival and disease-free survival for the entire cohort were 60 and 9 months, respectively. Median overall survival was 36 months for cortisol, 30 for mixed, 60 for androgen secreting, and 115 for non-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma, P < .01. Median disease-free survival was 7 months for cortisol, 8 for mixed, 10 for androgen, and 12 for non-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma, P = .06. On multivariable analysis of age, sex, Ki67%, secretory subtype, stage, resection, and adjuvant therapy, predictors of worse overall survival were older age, higher Ki67%, stage IV, mixed secreting, R1, and no adjuvant therapy, P < .05. On subgroup analysis of R0 resection, predictors of worse overall survival included older age and higher Ki67%. Ki67% ≥40, stage III and cortisol secretion were associated with worse disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: Mixed cortisol/androgen secreting adrenocortical carcinoma was associated with worse overall survival, while cortisol or androgen secreting alone were not. Notably, among patients after R0 resection, secretory subtype did not affect overall survival. Cortisol secreting adrenocortical carcinoma demonstrated worse disease-free survival. Ki67% remained a strong predictor of worse overall survival and disease-free survival independent of stage.
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Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal , Carcinoma Adrenocortical , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/cirurgia , Androgênios , Hidrocortisona , Antígeno Ki-67 , Austrália , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Parathyroidectomy is underperformed despite clear benefits in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We evaluated disparities in receipt of parathyroidectomy following PHPT diagnosis to explore barriers to care. METHODS: Adults diagnosed with PHPT 2013-2018 at a health system were identified. Recommended indications for parathyroidectomy include age ≤50 y, calcium >11 mg/dL, or the presence of nephrolithiasis, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, decreased glomerular filtration rate, osteopenia, osteoporosis, or pathological fracture 1 y prior to diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed rates of parathyroidectomy within 12 mo following diagnosis as well as median time to parathyroidectomy, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses assessed factors associated with undergoing parathyroidectomy. RESULTS: Of 2409 patients, 75% were females, 12% aged ≤50 y, and 92% non-Hispanic White, while 52% had Medicaid/Medicare, 36% were commercial/self-pay or uninsured, and 12% unknown. Parathyroidectomy was performed within 1 y in 50% of patients. Within the 68% that met recommendations, parathyroidectomy was performed within 1 y in 54%; median time from diagnosis to surgery was shorter for males, patients aged ≤50 y, commercial/self-pay/no insurance patients (versus Medicaid/Medicare), and those with fewer comorbidities, P < 0.05. Multivariable analysis demonstrated non-Hispanic White patients and those with commercial/self-pay/uninsured were more likely to undergo parathyroidectomy after adjusting for comorbidity, age, and facility site. Among those strongly indicated, patients not on Medicare/Medicaid and aged ≤50 y were more likely to undergo parathyroidectomy after adjusting for race, comorbidity, and facility site. CONCLUSIONS: Disparities in parathyroidectomy for PHPT were observed. Insurance type was associated with undergoing parathyroidectomy; patients on governmental insurance were less likely to undergo surgery and waited longer for surgery despite strong indications. Barriers to referral and access to surgery should be investigated and addressed to optimize all patients' access to care.
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Hiperparatireoidismo Primário , Cálculos Renais , Osteoporose , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Idoso , Hiperparatireoidismo Primário/cirurgia , Hiperparatireoidismo Primário/complicações , Paratireoidectomia , Medicare , Osteoporose/complicações , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Osteoporose/cirurgia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Review the literature on the surgical management of adrenal diseases, highlighting the various surgical approaches and their respective pros and cons. RECENT FINDINGS: Minimally invasive adrenalectomy is commonly used for small and benign adrenal tumors, whereas open adrenalectomy is preferred for larger tumors and primary adrenal malignancy. Although minimally invasive adrenalectomy results in shorter recovery and fewer complications compared with open, the latter offers better oncologic outcomes in the setting of primary adrenal malignancy. Adrenalectomy is performed transabdominally or retroperitoneoscopically, both yielding equivalent results and recovery. Traditional laparoscopic or robotic equipment can be utilized for either minimally invasive approach. Subtotal adrenalectomy may be appropriate for patients with genetically associated pheochromocytoma to preserve cortical function and reduce the risk of adrenal insufficiency. However, the potential benefits of sparing adrenal function must be weighed against the risk of recurrence. SUMMARY: Adrenalectomy is becoming increasingly common worldwide. For benign and small adrenal tumors, minimally invasive adrenalectomy is generally considered the standard approach, while open adrenalectomy is preferred for primary adrenal malignancy and larger tumors. Subtotal adrenalectomy may be appropriate for patients with bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma, as it can reduce the need for lifelong glucocorticoid dependency.
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Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais , Laparoscopia , Feocromocitoma , Humanos , Feocromocitoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/cirurgia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Adrenalectomia/métodosRESUMO
Localized insulinoma is an uncommon entity that can result in substantial morbidity due to the associated hypoglycemia. Recent studies have suggested an increase in the incidence of insulinoma in recent decades that may possibly be secondary to increased awareness, incidental diagnoses, and better diagnostic methods. Diagnosing and localizing insulinoma within the pancreas can be challenging, but advances in nuclear imaging may improve diagnostic accuracy. Delays in diagnosis are common, but once a localized insulinoma is diagnosed and appropriately treated, the long-term prognosis is excellent. Surgical resection is considered the standard of care management option for localized insulinoma, but tumor ablation with endoscopic ultrasound guidance has also been shown to be an effective and safe method for therapy.
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Hipoglicemia , Insulinoma , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Insulinoma/cirurgia , Insulinoma/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Hipoglicemia/etiologia , Pâncreas/patologia , PrognósticoRESUMO
While the safety of video follow-up in bariatric surgery is established, patients' perception of telemedicine visits remained unknown. A randomized clinical trial evaluating patients' perception of video postoperative follow-up (F/U) visits was conducted in the pre COVID-19 era. 24 patients were randomized in the preoperative clinic to receive either in-person or video F/U, and then surveyed about their experience and preference. The majority reported that if they had to do it over, they would prefer a video visit. Among those who received video visits, 11/12 reported that the lack of physical contact was acceptable. 82% of the video group expressed that their visit was better or as good as an in-person visit, while 9% were not sure, and 9% reported that video was worse. This finding suggests that postoperative video follow-up visits are acceptable among bariatric surgery patients and should be offered as an alternative to traditional visits.
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Cirurgia Bariátrica , COVID-19 , Telemedicina , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The differences between sporadic and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1)-associated insulinoma are not well described. Herein, we compared demographics, neoplasm characteristics, presentation, and survival in patients with sporadic vs MEN-1 insulinomas including benign and malignant disease. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study identified insulinoma patients. MEN-1 was defined based on genetic testing or clinically in patients with 2 or more primary MEN-1 tumor types. RESULTS: A total of 311 patients were identified: 84% benign and 16% malignant. The incidence of malignancy was similar (18% vs 16%, MEN-1 vs sporadic, p = 0.76). Within malignant patients, the median (interquartile range) age was 33 (25 ,44) years in MEN-1 vs 54 (41, 70) years in sporadic insulinoma (p = 0.04). There was no difference in sex or tumor size between MEN-1 and sporadic malignant insulinoma (p > 0.05). Of the 260 patients with benign insulinoma, 7% had MEN-1 syndrome. MEN-1 patients presented with insulinoma at a younger age: median (interquartile range) age was 38 (24, 49) years vs 52 (43, 65) years (p < 0.01). Resection of benign insulinoma was performed in 78% of the MEN-1 and 94% of the sporadic group (p = 0.03). Resected benign tumors were larger in the MEN-1 group: 2.0 (1.65, 2.45) cm vs 1.5 (1.2, 2.0) cm, respectively (p = 0.03). Concurrent insulinomas were more common in MEN-1 (17% vs 2%; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MEN-1 patients present with insulinoma at younger age and have larger benign pancreatic lesions at the time of resection compared with sporadic neoplasms. Younger patients and those with multifocal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in the setting of endogenous hyperinsulinism should be evaluated for MEN-1.
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Insulinoma , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 1 , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Adulto , Humanos , Insulinoma/diagnóstico , Insulinoma/epidemiologia , Insulinoma/cirurgia , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 1/complicações , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 1/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/etiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
CONTEXT: The role of cytoreduction of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of cytoreductive surgery of the primary tumor in patients with metastatic ACC. DESIGN AND SETTING: We performed a multicentric, retrospective paired cohort study comparing the overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic ACC who were treated either with cytoreductive surgery (CR group) or without cytoreductive surgery (no-CR group) of the primary tumor. Data were retrieved from 9 referral centers in the American-Australian-Asian Adrenal Alliance collaborative research group. PATIENTS: Patients aged ≥18 years with metastatic ACC at initial presentation who were treated between January 1, 1995, and May 31, 2019. INTERVENTION: Performance (or not) of cytoreductive surgery of the primary tumor. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: A propensity score match was done using age and the number of organs with metastasis (≤2 or >2). The main outcome was OS, determined from the date of diagnosis until death or until last follow-up for living patients. RESULTS: Of 339 patients pooled, 239 were paired and included: 128 in the CR group and 111 in the no-CR group. The mean follow-up was 67 months. Patients in the no-CR group had greater risk of death than did patients in the CR group (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.18; 95% CI, 2.34-4.32). Independent predictors of survival included age (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03), hormone excess (HR = 2.56; 95% CI, 1.66-3.92), and local metastasis therapy (HR = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.47-0.65). CONCLUSION: Cytoreductive surgery of the primary tumor in patients with metastatic ACC is associated with prolonged survival.
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Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal , Carcinoma Adrenocortical , Adolescente , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/cirurgia , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/cirurgia , Adulto , Austrália , Estudos de Coortes , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Background: Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of multiple lipids in the late endosome/lysosomal system and reduced acidic store calcium. The lysosomal system regulates key aspects of iron homeostasis, which prompted us to investigate whether there are hematological abnormalities and iron metabolism defects in NPC1. Methods: Iron-related hematological parameters, systemic and tissue metal ion and relevant hormonal and proteins levels, expression of specific pro-inflammatory mediators and erythrophagocytosis were evaluated in an authentic mouse model and in a large cohort of NPC patients. Results: Significant changes in mean corpuscular volume and corpuscular hemoglobin were detected in Npc1 -/- mice from an early age. Hematocrit, red cell distribution width and hemoglobin changes were observed in late-stage disease animals. Systemic iron deficiency, increased circulating hepcidin, decreased ferritin and abnormal pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were also found. Furthermore, there is evidence of defective erythrophagocytosis in Npc1 -/- mice and in an in vitro NPC1 cellular model. Comparable hematological changes, including low normal serum iron and transferrin saturation and low cerebrospinal fluid ferritin were confirmed in NPC1 patients. Conclusions: These data suggest loss of iron homeostasis and hematological abnormalities in NPC1 may contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease.
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BACKGROUND: The anatomic boundaries of lymphadenectomy for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) are not defined. METHODS: Adults undergoing resection of ACC were included. Locations were categorized based on positive LN locations on final pathology. RESULTS: Of 231 resected ACC, 6% had positive LN during initial resection. Positive LN in left ACC (n = 7) were: 2 para-aortic, 2 left renal-hilar, 1 para-aortic and left renal-hilar and 1 unknown, while for right ACC (n = 7): 2 para-caval, 1 para-caval and right renal-hilar, 1 inter-aortocaval, 1 celiac, 1 para-aortic, and 1 unknown. Of 55 resections for recurrent ACC, positive LN in left ACC (n = 2) were: 1 para-aortic, and 1 para-aortic with left renal-hilar, while LN for right ACC (n = 7): 2 inter-aortocaval, 2 right renal-hilar, 2 para-caval and one retrocrural. CONCLUSION: The most common LN metastases are para-caval for right, and para-aortic and left renal-hilar for left ACC. Further studies are necessary to determine the boundaries of lymphadenectomy in ACC resection.
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Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal , Carcinoma Adrenocortical , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/patologia , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/cirurgia , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/patologia , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/cirurgia , Adulto , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfonodos/cirurgia , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In 2018, our institution implemented opioid prescribing guidelines for endocrine surgery. METHODS: We evaluated prescribing trends before and after the guidelines (60 MME following adrenal procedures and 37.5 MME for thyroid/parathyroid procedures) using chi-squared and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests. RESULTS: We identified 357 patients in the pre-guideline and 397 in the post-guideline period. The proportion discharged with any opioid prescription decreased from 96.1% to 77.3%, p < 0.01, and the median (IQR) prescribed amount decreased from 150.0 (100.0, 200.0) to 50.0 (25.0, 75.0), p < 0.01 overall and within each category. The proportion receiving prescription above the upper guidelines limit also decreased, while opioid refills within 30-day of discharge remained stable (2.8% before and 4.5% after the guidelines, p = 0.21). CONCLUSION: Opioid prescribing guidelines for endocrine surgical procedures decreased both the proportion of patients receiving opioids and the amount when prescribed, therefore further supporting the utility of opioid prescribing guidelines in decreasing over-prescription.
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Analgésicos Opioides/efeitos adversos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Endócrinos/efeitos adversos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/normas , Implementação de Plano de Saúde , Humanos , Epidemia de Opioides/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/etiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/prevenção & controle , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Alta do Paciente/normas , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Alta do Paciente/tendências , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Padrões de Prática Médica/normas , Padrões de Prática Médica/tendências , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: How malignant insulinomas present relative to benign insulinomas is unknown. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective study identified patients with insulinoma. Malignancy was defined by distant metastases, positive lymph node(s), T stage of 4, direct invasion into surrounding peripancreatic tissue, or presence of lymphovascular invasion. Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used. RESULTS: A total of 311 patients were identified: 51 malignant and 260 benign. Patients with malignant insulinoma presented with higher levels of insulin, proinsulin, and c-peptide. Malignant lesions were larger: 4.2 ± 3.2 vs 1.8 ± 0.8 cm in benign lesions, p < 0.01. Overall survival at 5 years was 66.8% vs 95.4% for malignant and benign insulinoma respectively, p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Larger size of insulinoma and increased serum ß-cell polypeptide concentrations were associated with malignancy. Malignant insulinoma has poorer survival. Further work-up to rule out malignancy may be indicated for larger pancreatic lesions and for patients with higher pre-operative insulin and pro-insulin.
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Insulinoma/diagnóstico , Pâncreas/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Peptídeo C/sangue , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Insulinoma/sangue , Insulinoma/mortalidade , Insulinoma/patologia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) can be caused by ectopic corticotropin-producing tumors of known (EK) and unknown origin (EU). Bilateral adrenalectomy (BA) can be used as definite treatment of hypercortisolism in such cases. This study compared patients undergoing BA for CS secondary to EK vs EU. METHODS: Retrospective review (1995-2017) of patients undergoing BA due to EK or EU. We analyzed demographic characteristics, laboratory values, intraoperative variables, surgical outcomes, and survival. RESULTS: 48 patients (26 EU, 22 EK) were identified. Serum cortisol and ACTH concentrations were similar. 92% of BA for EU were performed minimally invasively vs 77% for EK, P = 0.22. Complications occurred in 19% of EU and 4.5% EK, P = 0.2. Mean survival was 4.3 years for EU and 4.0 years for EK without difference in all-cause mortality P = 0.63. CONCLUSION: BA cure rate was 100% for CS in EU and EK. Morbidity, long term and all-cause mortality differences were not statistically significant between EK and EU.
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Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/cirurgia , Adrenalectomia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/sangue , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/mortalidade , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/patologia , Adrenalectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/sangue , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/metabolismo , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/sangue , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of lymphadenectomy in adrenocortical carcinoma resection is controversial. Therefore, we conducted a population-based study to assess the association between positive lymph nodes (LN) and survival. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results set of cancer registries were utilized. The associations between positive lymph nodes and tumor size, grade and laterality were assessed. Cancer specific survival (CSS) trends and factors affecting survival were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2170 adult patients were identified; 60% underwent resection. Among those resected, LN were examined in 23% and were positive in 25% of patients with LN examined. Patients with positive LN tended to have smaller tumors compared to those with negative LN (12 ± 5 vs 15 ± 11 cm, p = 0.02). The rate of positive LN was higher in right ACC, p = 0.03. Median overall CSS was 21 months, with significant differences between resection (42 months) and no resection (4 months), p < 0.01. Median CSS did not change over time when comparing ACC patients who underwent surgery before 2000, 2000-2009, and 2010-2016. On multivariable analysis including resection group, advanced age, grades III and IV, regional and distant stage, in addition to positive LN were associated with worse survival, p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: Lymphadenectomy is infrequently performed during ACC resection, and when performed, regional LN involvement tends to be associated with worse survival. Neoplasm size and grade were not associated with LN involvement and therefore, do not inform lymphadenectomy need. Further studies are needed to assess the indications for, and value of lymphadenectomy in ACC.
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Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal , Carcinoma Adrenocortical , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/patologia , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/cirurgia , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/mortalidade , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/patologia , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo/estatística & dados numéricos , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfonodos/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Programa de SEER/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bilateral adrenalectomy (BA) is a curative treatment for hypercortisolism in patients with corticotropin (ACTH)-dependent Cushing syndrome. Indications include refractory Cushing's disease (CD) following failed pituitary surgery, and occult or unresectable ectopic ACTH-producing neoplasms (EA). METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective review (1995-2017) of patients undergoing BA for CD or EA. Demographics, laboratory findings, and intraoperative and postoperative variables were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 137 patients, 83 (61%) had CD and 54 (39%) had EA; 87% of CD patients were female versus 46% of EA patients (p < 0.0001). Mean age at diagnosis was 40 ± 15 years for CD and 49 ± 18 years for EA (p = 0.004). Preoperative serum cortisol concentrations were higher in the EA cohort (63 ± 40 µg/dL) versus the CD cohort (33 ± 19 µg/dL) [p < 0.001], with no significant differences in serum ACTH. Time from diagnosis until adrenalectomy was 54 ± 69 months for CD versus 4 ± 13 for EA (p = 0.002). Most patients underwent minimally invasive surgery (MIS; 86% CD vs. 75% EA; p = 0.19). There was no difference between the rates of conversion to an open approach, intraoperative blood loss, or operative time between groups, and no difference between complications in CD versus EA (p = 1.0). Five-year survival was significantly shorter among the EA cohort (30% for EA vs. 80% for CD; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with EA presented with higher serum cortisol levels compared with patients with CD. EA patients were more likely to require intraoperative transfusion and postoperative intensive care. BA in patients with CD and EA can be performed safely in an MIS fashion, with similar morbidity; however, survival at 5 years was significantly less in the EA cohort.
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Neoplasias , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH , Adrenalectomia , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH/etiologia , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Traditional duodenal switch (DS) typically leaves a short common channel and is infrequently performed in part due to increased risk of malnutrition. We compared nutritional deficiencies between DS with a moderate channel length and standard proximal Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 61 matched pairs who underwent DS or RYGB using our institutional database; patients were matched on sex, age, race, and BMI. DS was performed with a common channel length between 120 and 150 cm. Thirty-day complications, total body weight loss (TBWL) %, and nutritional labs up to 24 months were compared using paired t test and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. RESULTS: Weight loss was similar at each time point (all p > 0.1). DS patients had lower vitamin D levels at 6 months, lower calcium levels at 6 and 12 months, and lower hemoglobin at 12 months and otherwise equivalent (all p < 0.05). Revision was rare (1 DS; 0 RYGB). There were no differences in short-term complications (p = 0.28). CONCLUSION: DS with a moderate common channel length is safe with a low revision rate. Weight loss and nutritional outcomes appear to be comparable to RYGB, and it may be considered an effective RYGB alternative.
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Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Índice de Massa Corporal , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Redução de PesoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Due to the rarity of malignant insulinoma, a lack of the literature describing factors affecting outcomes exists. Our aim was to review malignant insulinoma incidence, characteristics and survival trends. METHODS: We identified all patients with malignant insulinoma in the SEER registries from 1973 to 2015. Incidence, neoplasm characteristics and factors affecting cancer-specific survival (CSS) were described. RESULTS: A total of 121 patients were identified. The crude annual overall incidence was low (range 0.0-0.27 cases per million person years). The largest proportion had localized disease (40%), while 16% had regional disease, 39% distant metastatic disease, and stage was unreported in 5%. Most neoplasms were in the body/tail of the pancreas, followed by the head of the pancreas. Grade was reported in 40% of patients; only a single patient reported as having grade IV with the remainder all grades I/II. Surgical resection was performed in 64% of patients. Within surgical patients, the median primary neoplasm size was 1.8 cm. Regional lymph nodes were examined in 57.1% of surgical patients, while 34% of examined nodes were positive. The median CSS was 183 months. On multivariable analysis, surgical resection, male sex and absence of metastatic disease were associated with superior survival. CONCLUSION: While the greatest proportion of patients with malignant insulinoma present with localized disease, regional lymph node involvement was found in 34% of whose nodes were tested. Further studies are needed to assess the role of lymph node dissection in improving survival and preventing recurrence given the observed frequency of lymph node involvement.
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Insulinoma , Tumores Neuroendócrinos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Insulinoma/diagnóstico , Insulinoma/epidemiologia , Insulinoma/patologia , Insulinoma/cirurgia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/diagnóstico , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/epidemiologia , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/patologia , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Patients undergoing bariatric surgery are expected to have frequent post-surgical follow-up. With the increased utilization of telemedicine across different surgical specialties, we are considering replacing the in-person post-surgery visits with telemedicine video visits in our bariatric practice. However, the safety and efficacy of conducting these visits through telemedicine is still unknown. Due to the concern of missing complications by eliminating in-person assessments, we reviewed 30-day complications, their severity, and the context of their detection experienced by bariatric surgical patients at our institution. Our results suggest that the majority of complications are detected when patients seek medical care rather than during clinic visits. Therefore, telemedicine is likely safe for 30-day follow-up in bariatric patients. Further studies are needed to assess its effect on patient compliance and outcomes.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Telemedicina , Assistência Ambulatorial , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adrenalectomy for non-neuroblastic pathologies in children is rare with limited data on outcomes. We reviewed our experience of adrenalectomy in this unique population. METHODS: Retrospective study of children (age ≤ 18) who underwent adrenalectomy with non-neuroblastic pathology from 1988 to 2018. Clinical and operative details of patients were abstracted. Outcomes included length of stay and 30-day postoperative morbidity. RESULTS: Forty children underwent 50 adrenalectomies (12 right-sided, 18 left-sided, 10 bilateral). Six patients (15%) presented with an incidental adrenal mass while 4 (10%) had masses found on screening for genetic mutations or prior malignancy. The remaining 30 (75%) presented with symptoms of hormonal excess. Nineteen patients (48%) underwent genetic evaluation and 15 (38%) had genetic predispositions. Diagnoses included 9 patients (23%) with pheochromocytoma, 8 (20%) with adrenocortical adenoma, 8 (20%) with adrenocortical carcinoma, 7 (18%) with adrenal hyperplasia, 2 (5%) with metastasis, and 6 (14%) with additional benign pathologies. Of 50 adrenalectomies, twenty-five (50%) were laparoscopic. Median hospital length of stay was 3 days (range 0-11). Post-operative morbidity rate was 17% with the most severe complication being Clavien-Dindo grade II. CONCLUSION: Adrenalectomy for non-neuroblastic pathology can be done with low morbidity. Its frequent association with genetic mutations and syndromes requires surgeons to have knowledge of appropriate pre-operative testing and post-operative surveillance.