RESUMO
BACKGROUND: One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is gaining more attention in patients with severe obesity and recently is used for patients with body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m2. In this 5-year single center experience we aim to report our outcomes of using OAGB for patients with BMI < 35 kg/m2. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data recorded in to our national obesity registry database. Variables including age, sex, weight, BMI, any associated disease, blood levels of metabolic markers, nutrients, and vitamins before and after surgery were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: 173 patients with mean age and BMI of 41 ± 10 years and 33 ± 1 kg/m2 underwent OAGB and at least one of the obesity-associated medical problems was found in 88 (50.5%) of them preoperatively. The mean duration of surgery and length of hospital stay were 60.7 ± 7.4 min and 1.3 ± 1.4 days. 78% and 70% of patients had available data at 24 and 60 months, respectively. The mean BMI was 23.9 ± 2.2 kg/m2 1 year after surgery and each year after that till 5 years was 24 ± 2, 24.4 ± 2.6, 25.1 ± 2.7, and 25.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2. Significant improvement in levels of fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzymes were observed. CONCLUSION: OAGB for BMI < 35 kg/m2 has significant effects in weight loss, helps remit diabetes and hypertension in the majority of cases, improves lipid profile, and has no increased burden of postoperative problems or deficiency in nutritional factors rather than what is known and predictable.
RESUMO
Background: The substantial increasing trend of binge drinking is a global alarm. Our aim was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies to explore the association of current smoking with binge drinking among adults. Methods: We systematically searched Web of Knowledge; PubMed; Scopus; Embase and Ovid (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PsycEXTRA, and PsycTests) (from inception to 27 May 2020) databases to identify cross-sectional studies of the association between current smoking and binge drinking. Study screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment were all carried out by two independent authors. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random effects model in the meta-analysis, followed by the investigation of the heterogeneity via Q-test and I 2 statistic. We assessed publication bias using a funnel plot, the Egger's, and Begg's tests. Results: We identified 3,171 studies and included nine cross-sectional studies with 64,516 participants. A significant association was found between current smoking and binge drinking among both genders (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI = 1.98 to 4.45; I 2 = 90.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that this association among women, men, Caucasians, and Asians/Africans were (AOR = 3.68; 95% CI = 1.03 to 13.18; I 2 = 98.9%), (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.42; I 2 = 73.1%), (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01-1.83, I 2 = 47.4%), and (AOR = 3.93; 95% CI: 2.99-5.17, I 2 = 61.3%), respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion: Current smoking is associated with binge drinking and can be used for identifying and screening binge drinkers. Moreover, this association is stronger among men, and Asians/Africans. This meta-analysis estimation was limited to English-language studies, and the full text of about 3.5% of reports for retrieval was not found, then generalization of the results should be done with caution.
RESUMO
A simple overview of daily orthodontic practice involves use of brackets, wires and elastomeric modules. However, investigating the underlying effect of orthodontic forces shows various molecular and cellular changes. Also, orthodontics is in close relation with dentofacial orthopedics which involves bone regeneration. In this review current and future applications of stem cells (SCs) in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics have been discussed. For craniofacial anomalies, SCs have been applied to regenerate hard tissue (such as treatment of alveolar cleft) and soft tissue (such as treatment of hemifacial macrosomia). Several attempts have been done to reconstruct impaired temporomandibular joint. Also, SCs with or without bone scaffolds and growth factors have been used to regenerate bone following distraction osteogenesis of mandibular bone or maxillary expansion. Current evidence shows that SCs also have potential to be used to regenerate infrabony alveolar defects and move the teeth into regenerated areas. Future application of SCs in orthodontics could involve accelerating tooth movement, regenerating resorbed roots and expanding tooth movement limitations. However, evidence supporting these roles is weak and further studies are required to evaluate the possibility of these ideas.