Fermented foods and probiotic consumption frequency as protective indicators for peri-implant diseases - a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Due to their modulatory effect on biofilm growth, bacterial gene expressions, and host-modulation effects, fermented foods and probiotic products could potentially have a protective role against peri-implant diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of consumption of fermented foods and products containing probiotics, with peri-implant health and diseases. METHODS: A total of 126 implants were included. The peri-implant health status (peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implant health) was assessed through Chicago's Classification of periodontal and peri-implant Diseases and Conditions. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the consumption patterns of fermented and probiotic foods and product. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare the 3 peri-implant conditions categories in terms of fermented food and probiotic consumption. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the daily and general consumption of yogurt, probiotic yogurt, kefir, ayran, vinegar, pomegranate syrup, whole meal bread, and homemade butter among peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implant health (p < 0.05). The peri-implant health group consumed significantly more yogurt, kefir, ayran, vinegar, whole wheat bread, and homemade butter than peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. CONCLUSION: A higher consumption of fermented and probiotic foods may be associated with peri-implant health. Fermented and probiotic products may be useful for prevention of peri-implant diseases in patients with implants.

Evaluation of implants in smoking and non-smoking patients with peri-implant disease risk analysis and esthetic scores: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: This study examined how smoking affects esthetics, peri-implant health, gingiva around the implant, and implant disease risk assessment in patients with implants. METHODS: The study included two hundred ninety-eight implants of systemically healthy patients aged between 38 and 62 who applied to the Periodontology Clinic and whose functionally prosthesis-loaded implants had been at least six months and at most five years old. Implants of patients with bruxism were not included in the study. Implants are divided into two according to the patient's smoking. Vestibule depth around the implant, keratinized gingival thickness and width, gingival recession, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and gingival index by a sole clinician. The pink esthetic score, peri-implant disease risk assessment, and implant health scale were also examined to measure implant esthetics and success. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the implant disease risk assesment scores for the examined implants of smokers and nonsmokers (p < 0.05). People who had peri-implantitis had higher implant disease risk assesment score levels. The dental implant health scale revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the likelihood of implant disease. According to the dental implant health scale, dental implants were 100% successful for non-smokers. There was a significant difference in the keratinized gingiva width between smokers and nonsmokers (p < 0.05). The results of the study showed that nonsmokers had a wider keratinized gingiva. CONCLUSIONS: Research has demonstrated that the act of smoking has the potential to jeopardize the long-term survival of dental implants and the surrounding peri-implant tissues. The results of this study indicate that it would be advisable for dentists to provide guidance to their patients on smoking cessation and to monitor any alterations in behavior closely. Furthermore, it would be advantageous for dental professionals to elucidate the impact of smoking on the susceptibility of smokers to peri-implant disease.

Investigation of demographic features, performance, comorbidity status and mortality causes among multiple myeloma patients: real-life data.

BACKGROUND: The demographic characteristics, performance status, frequency of comorbidities and survival rate of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) show variability geographically and different risk scoring systems have been used to assess this population. Here, we present data from a Turkish cohort, focusing on identifying similarities and differences, relative to other reports in the literature. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 310 patients diagnosed with MM were enrolled. Their demographic characteristics were investigated retrospectively. For performance assessment; the ECOG-IMWG Myeloma Frailty Score, R-MCI and HCT-SCI scoring indexes were used. PFS and OS periods, as well as the causes of deaths, were determined. RESULTS: The mean age of all study participants was 65 ± 10 years. The mean PFS and OS periods were 24.14± 26.11 and 65.3 ± 4.4 months, respectively. The median R-MCI, CCI and HCT-CI scores were five, four and three points, respectively. Myeloma-related complications were the leading cause of death, with a frequency of 51%. CONCLUSION: Among the scoring systems utilised, R-MCI was more convenient to apply due to its ease of use and practicality. Our study supports the heterogeneous course of myeloma and highlights geographic differences including comorbidities, causes of death and overall survival.

Changes in Conjunctiva Morphology Using Impression Cytology in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis without Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

OBJECTIVE: To compare the conjunctival morphological changes in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) without thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and controls using impression cytology technique. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We included 25 HT patients and 33 healthy controls who did not have TAO findings or dry eye. For both groups, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4(FT4), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) were measured. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed, together with all routine eye check-ups and the Schirmer's test. Also, conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) test was performed to analyze the conjunctival morphology. RESULTS: When the CIC of HT patients was observed; 12% had grade 0, 40% had grade 1, 28% had grade 2 and 20% had grade 3. While patients with squamous metaplasia made up 48% of the HT group, this was observed at 6.1% in the control group (p < 0,001). In the regression model formulated, it was observed that obesity (OR=7.500; p=0.017) and anti TPO levels (OR=1.370, p=0,007) were independent stipulations for the squamous metaplasia. CONCLUSION: Conjunctival squamous metaplasia was more frequently seen in HT than controls and serum Anti-TPO level and obesity were detected as independent predictors of the worsening at the conjunctival impression cytology.

The Relationship Between Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Conjunctival Impression Cytology.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether obesity causes the development of metaplasia in conjunctival epithelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 61 volunteer participants who had no previous history of illness or drug use were involved in this study. Of those, 20 were obese, and 41 were of normal weight. We measured the glucose and insulin values of all volunteers. We also measured the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR). The impression cytology method was used to analyze the conjunctival epithelium cells, and to classify them between Grades 0 to 3 according to the Nelson criteria. RESULTS: There was a certain level of loss of goblet cells on the 90% level as well as squamous metaplasia (Grade 2-3) in 80% of the obese participants and impression cytology was found to be normal in only two patients. The expected results were observed in 56.1% of the control group where the squamous metaplasia rate was nearly 17% (p < 0.001). 90.9% of the grade 3 patients were obese. The variables as independent predictors were found to indicate the existence of abnormal cytology in the conjunctiva at various levels; BMI (OR: 1.24; p=0.002) and HOMA IR (OR= 28.6; p= 0.001) in a Model I multivariable regression model, and the existence of obesity (OR: 11.91; p=0.002) and HOMA IR (OR= 15.08; p < 0.001) in a Model II multivariable regression model. CONCLUSION: Obesity was found to be a disorder that causes metaplasia in the conjunctival epithelium cells for the first time.

Smoking status of Turkish nursing students and factors affecting their behavior.

OBJECTIVE: This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted in order to determine the smoking status of nursing students and factors affecting their behavior. METHODS: Subjects were 220 students who were selected from all classes of a School of Nursing with a stratified random sampling method and who voluntarily accepted to participate. Permission was obtained both from individuals and the relevant institution to conduct the study. Data were collected through Demographic Data Collecting Form, Decisional Balance Scale, Fegostrom Addiction Test and Cessation phase scale. Percentage calculations, chi square, odd ratio, Kruskal wallis and CHAID analysis were used in the assessment of the data. FINDINGS: 81.5% of the students were female (163), average age was 20.9±1.6 years, age at first smoking was 15.4±4.1, 58.5 of the parents were smokers and at least one person from among their friends was smoking (30%). 19.5% of the students were smoking. The difference between smoking ratios of male and female students was significant (p<0.001). Rates increased with increase in the number of friends who smoke (p<0.001). Differences were detected across geographical regions (p=0.023). Smoking mostly increases at times of exams (42.5%). It was estimated that 69.2% of the smokers are addicts at a low level. Some 56.3% of the smokers and 12.5% of non-smokers found smoking beneficial (p<0.001), this increasing the future smoking risk nine fold. Pros and cons perceptions score averages of smokers were intermediate. The difference between score averages of smokers and non-smokers as regards to cancerogenic effects of smoking was found to be statistically significant (p=0.034). 34% of the students stated that their opinions about smoking did not change even though they received an education in the field of nursing. CONCLUSION: One in five students participating in the study was smoker. In terms of variables, while gender, geographical region, number of friends using cigarettes and times of exams effect the use of cigarettes, no influence was noted for class, perceived income level, settlement, smoking and cancer cases in the family.