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1.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 28(6): 2430-2463, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38567606

RESUMO

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has continuously been the greatest epidemic for humanity over a period spanning almost five decades. With no specific cure or treatment available to date despite extensive research, the C-C Chemokine Receptor 5, Delta 32 (CCR5 Δ32) allele genetic point mutation plays an imperative role in the prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This comprehensive study aims to review the induction of the homozygous recessive deletion genotype using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, Cas 9 Enzyme (CRISPR-Cas9), and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation under positive selection pressure for active immunity in seropositive patients' populations as the phenotype. A methodology is proposed to trigger a significant increase in the expression of Delta 32 beneficial mutant alleles within controlled modern healthcare facilities utilizing totipotent stem cells through somatic gene therapy. It acts upon two dysfunctional CCR5 genes, translating mutant G protein-coupled co-receptors, whose primary function is similar to that of C-X-C Motif Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), by blocking the entry of viral RNA into the CD4+ T helper lymphocytes, halting infection and seizing viral life cycle. This modification is endemic in Northern Europe, where it naturally pertains to the Caucasian descent population samples in the form of polymorphism, p (X=0.01), where X is the probability of frequency of complete immunity against HIV-1 in population samples. The epigenetics of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are analyzed as they play a significant role in immunity distribution. Furthermore, a comparative analysis within the ethical boundaries of CRISPR-Cas9 is conducted to discuss the practical aspects and challenges of the presented methodologies and treatment alternatives. Additionally, the study assembles all available data and summarizes preexisting research while providing a promising solution to this ethical dilemma. Finally, a methodology is devised to answer the question of whether the variant-specific epidemic of AIDS caused by HIV-1 can be cured via artificially inducing immunity by CRISPR-Cas9.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Infecções por HIV , HIV-1 , Humanos , HIV-1/genética , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/genética , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/terapia , Infecções por HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Receptores CCR5/genética , Receptores CCR5/metabolismo , Mutação , Terapia Genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Frequência do Gene
2.
Mymensingh Med J ; 28(3): 634-640, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31391437

RESUMO

Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is still the most commonly performed operation for breast cancer, despite the trends toward breast-conserving treatment. Since 1970s, electrosurgery (also known as electrocautery, diathermy) has been a widespread surgical tool to raise flaps and excise the breast specimen in order to perform a bloodless mastectomy. Use of diathermy has been well blamed for wound complications. To prevent undue delay in the adjuvant treatment, it is important to minimize the surgical complications. This quasi experimental study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh to evaluate the effects of electrosurgery and sharp dissection on early postoperative wound complications in MRM. 46 patients were included in the study (23 in each group). Data analysis done in SPSS version 23.0 and 'p' value <0.05 considered significant at 95% confidence interval. In Electrosurgery Dissection (ED) group mean duration of drainage was 7.8±1.2 days and in Sharp Dissection (SD) group 6.4±1.0 days (p value 0.000). Mean total drainage in ED group found 1082±287ml and in SD group 693±194ml (p value 0.000). Seroma formation found 7(30.4%) in ED group and 3(13.0%) in SD group (p value 0.004). Wound dehiscence found 5(21.7%) in ED group and 2(8.7%) in SD group (p value 0.013). Flap necrosis rate was 4(17.4%) and 1(4.4%) in ED and SD group respectively (p=0.003). Demographic and clinical variables were similar or differences were not statistically significant in two groups. No difference found in operating time and wound infection rate in two groups. The result of the study showed that, electrocautery dissection caused early postoperative wound complications more than the sharp dissection.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Diatermia , Mastectomia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Bangladesh , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Eletrocirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Mastectomia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias
3.
Mymensingh Med J ; 24(4): 770-5, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26620018

RESUMO

Amoebic liver abscess is a common condition in Bangladesh. Though conservative treatment plays a major role, refractory patients can be successfully treated with minimally invasive approach. This prospective study was carried out to evaluate the prospect of sono-guided percutaneous catheter drainage for liver abscess patients not responding to conservative treatment. This study was done at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2005 to June 2006 among patients with liver abscess that were treated conservatively outside and got admitted in different surgery and medicine units. Included 35 patients were evaluated clinically and through relevant investigations. Sono-guided percutaneous pigtail catheter was introduced for drainage and patients were followed up for two weeks on average at hospital indoor by amount of drainage, clinical improvement and serial follow up USG. After discharge from the hospital, all patients were followed up monthly and assessed clinically and ultrasonographically up to two months on outdoor basis. Thirty five patients underwent pigtail catheter drainage that was refractory to conservative treatment or needle aspiration. Following insertion of catheter patients who were pyrexic, fever subsided in two to three days and never back during the postoperative period and follow up. Antimicrobials were changed according to the report of the culture and sensitivity of the aspirate that was done routinely. Maximum total (4300 ml) amount of pus was drained in a patient. Average duration of catheter drainage in this study was 8 days. With a very low morbidity and zero mortality rates, minimum treatment costs and early return to regular life style proved this minimally invasive procedure to be a rational treatment option for amoebic liver abscess in selective cases.


Assuntos
Catéteres , Drenagem/instrumentação , Abscesso Hepático Amebiano/terapia , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Bangladesh , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos
4.
Mymensingh Med J ; 22(1): 8-14, 2013 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23416801

RESUMO

Patients presented with the supraclavicular lymphadenopathy in the medicine department have a strong suspicion of serious illness like tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, toxoplasmosis and malignancy of lymphnode, blood, lung, upper GIT, breast, ovary, testes, and other sites of body. This prospective type of observational study carried out in the indoor and out patient department of medicine of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital over a period of 6 month from April 2011 to September 2011 to diagnose the causes of supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Patient of either sex, 18 years or above presented with supraclavicular lymphadenopathy were included. Biopsy or FNAC were done. The study showed that mean age of the patient of supraclavicular lymphadenopathy that finally diagnosed as malignant was 49.7 years and that of non malignant was 33.7 years. Male patient have suffered more (60%) from malignant disease than that of female patient (40%). Discrete, hard, non tender either fixed or non fixed supraclavicular lymphadenopathy was found malignant (18 of 18 cases, 100%) and discrete, firm, tender lymphnode were found non malignant (5 of 5 cases, 100%). Increased frequency (11 of 28, 39.3%) of granulomatous inflammation from the tuberculoid lymphadenitis were found among the patient undergone supraclavicular lymphnode biopsy. FNAC result was also of simillar type and finally it was found that frequency of tuberculosis (20 of 53, 37.7%) was highest and bronchial carcima was the second most frequent diagnosis (14 of 53, 26.4%). This study showed that supraclavicular lymphadenopathy is associated mostly with serious disease like tuberculosis and malignancy.


Assuntos
Doenças Linfáticas/etiologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Biópsia , Carcinoma Broncogênico/secundário , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfadenite/etiologia , Doenças Linfáticas/patologia , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Ombro , Tuberculose dos Linfonodos/patologia
5.
Mymensingh Med J ; 18(1): 99-103, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19182760

RESUMO

A 32 years old gentleman presented with a lump occupying the epigastric, left hypochondriac and umbilical region for the last 3 months which gradually increased in size & dull aching pain. He also complained of low grade fever and early satiety. On examination, he had a lump on upper abdomen which was irregular, firm, mildly tender, lobulated surface, restricted mobility, dull on percussion. USG examination of HBS revealed hepatomegaly and SOL in liver. CT abdomen revealed soft tissue mass in left upper abdomen. FNA revealed cells of mesenchymal origin. Per operatively a large lobulated, myxomatous highly vascular mass arising from the fundal part of the stomach was found and removed. Histopathology report comments about two differential diagnosis-leiomyosarcoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour. CD117 immunostaining confirmed it was gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Post operatively patient was treated by Imatinib and is now under regular follow up.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Benzamidas , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Fundo Gástrico/patologia , Fundo Gástrico/cirurgia , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/fisiopatologia , Tumores do Estroma Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Masculino
6.
J Helminthol ; 78(2): 95-9, 2004 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15153279

RESUMO

Soluble extracts of Gigantocotyle explanatum, isolated from the liver of buffalo Bubalus bubalis were fractionated on Sephadex G-200 columns. Nine major fractions referred to as F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8 and F9 were separated. Each fraction was tested by ELISA for antigenicity using sera from G. explanatum-infected field buffaloes. Fractions F1 and F2 were highly antigenic, F3, F4, F6 and F7 were moderately antigenic and F5, F8 and F9 were poorly antigenic. Analyses by SDS-PAGE revealed that each fraction comprised several polypeptide(s) in the molecular weight range of <29 to >205 kDa. Results of Western blotting indicated that not all polypeptides which appeared in the SDS-PAGE were antigenic. The antigenic molecules of each fraction were mostly in the low molecular weight range of <14 to >94 kDa with the polypeptides in the range of >14, 14, 18, 21-25 and 34-36 kDa.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Búfalos/parasitologia , Paramphistomatidae/imunologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/imunologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterinária , Animais , Antígenos de Helmintos/química , Western Blotting/métodos , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Fígado/parasitologia , Peso Molecular
7.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis ; 24(2): 91-101, 2001 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11247049

RESUMO

The aqueous soluble proteins of the protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus isolated from the pulmonary and hepatic hydatid cysts of Bubalus bubalis were partially purified on Sephadex G-200 column. The isolated fractions were tested for their antigenicity by immunodot using the sera collected from experimentally infected puppies during the prepatent period of infection. Six protein profiles (F1-F6) were recovered from both the isolates but the polypeptide recovery of each fraction of the two isolates were some what different, particularly protein concentration of F5 in the liver isolate was greater than the lung isolate. Contrary to this, the concentration of F1 polypeptides of the lung origin protoscoleces is greater as compared to that of the liver. In addition, some antigenic dissimilarity has also been observed in the two isolates. A weak IgG response against F1, F2 and F6 polypeptides was observed in the 4th day post infection (p.i.) sera. With the age of infection the response against these antigens increased as revealed by the intensity of the spot in immunodot analysis. Our studies show that the differences in the elution profile and antigenic profile of the lung and liver isolates, as revealed by gel filtration and immunodot analysis, might be either due to the influence of the microhabitat or these may be two different strains. Further studies are certainly required in this direction.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/análise , Búfalos/parasitologia , Equinococose Hepática/veterinária , Equinococose Pulmonar/veterinária , Echinococcus/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos de Helmintos/química , Cromatografia em Gel/veterinária , Cães , Equinococose Hepática/parasitologia , Equinococose Pulmonar/parasitologia , Immunoblotting/veterinária , Peso Molecular
8.
J Helminthol ; 74(3): 271-6, 2000 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11203057

RESUMO

The excretory/secretory (ES) metabolic products released by Gastrothylax crumenifer (Trematoda: Digenea) during in vitro incubations and the somatic extract of the adult parasite were analysed using polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis (PAGE). Immunogenicity of ES and somatic extracts were evaluated by immunoblotting and ELISA using sera raised against ES and somatic antigens in rabbits. The electropherograms of ES and somatic extracts have been resolved into 38 and 41 polypeptides, respectively. The apparent molecular weights of these polypeptides range from <29 to > 205 kDa. A total of 14 polypeptides were found to be common to both of the samples. The analysis of immunoblot results revealed 22 and 27 antigenic polypeptides in ES and somatic extracts respectively. Only 11 and 13 antigenic polypeptides were found specific to ES and tissue extract respectively. The molecular weights of these specific polypeptides were calculated to be <14.4, 16, 20, 25, 33, 42, 119, 125 and > 205 kDa for metabolic products and <14.4, 25, 30, 35, 78, 84 and > 205 kDa for the tissue extracts, respectively. Analysis of ELISA results revealed that a dilution of up to 1:3200 of the test sera could react with the ES product. Further, when the ES antigens were allowed to react with antisomatic extracts in hyperimmune sera the titre of IgG increased up to a dilution of 1:12800. The potential importance of these antigens in the immunodiagnosis of amphistomiasis is discussed.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/análise , Líquidos Corporais/imunologia , Trematódeos/imunologia , Animais , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Immunoblotting , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Peso Molecular , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/diagnóstico , Coelhos , Trematódeos/metabolismo , Infecções por Trematódeos/diagnóstico
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