Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in an Awake, Unanesthetized Mouse Model of Perinatal Nicotine Exposure Produces Transient Novelty-Seeking and Depression-Like Behaviors.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be a risk factor for repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussions such as those that can occur in contact sports. Individuals with ADHD also appear to have a higher risk of poor neurocognitive outcomes after repetitive mTBI. Findings from clinical studies examining the interactions between ADHD and repetitive mTBI vary, likely because of variabilities in experimental design and outcome measures. We used a mouse model of perinatal nicotine exposure (PNE), which displays behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurotransmitter features consistent with ADHD and subjected the mice to repetitive mTBI. We used a closed head model of mTBI in awake, unanesthetized mice to mimic concussions in humans. The mTBI was repeated three times daily for seven days. The mice in the PNE-mTBI group took longer to regain consciousness after the mTBI and showed transient novelty-seeking and depression-like behaviors. Before the repetitive mTBI, the mice in the PNE group showed attention deficit, which persisted after the mTBI. The mice in the control (non-PNE) group showed a transient attention deficit after the repetitive mTBI but not any of the other behavioral changes seen in the PNE-mTBI group. These findings from an unanesthetized mouse model with a pre-existing condition show that ADHD and repetitive mTBI together contribute to transient novelty-seeking and depression-like behavior supporting the notion that untreated ADHD may be a risk factor for poor neurocognitive outcomes after concussions.

Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Perinatal Nicotine Exposure Mouse Model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk for concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). At the same time, recommendations for the management of ADHD include participation in sports and other organized physical activities, including those that carry an increased risk of mTBI. Very little work has been done to determine the extent to which untreated ADHD adversely impacts behavioral outcomes of repeated mild concussions. Here, we used a perinatal nicotine exposure (PNE) mouse model of ADHD combined with a closed-head, repetitive mTBI model. The PNE mouse model carries significant construct, face, and predictive validity as a preclinical model of ADHD. Two-month-old PNE and control mice were subjected to closed-head repetitive mTBI or sham procedure once daily for 5 days. Object-based attention, novel object recognition memory, spatial working memory, and depression-like behavior were analyzed 1 day and 2 weeks following repeated mTBI. Consistent with our previous reports, mice in the PNE group showed significant deficits in object-based attention and working memory prior to mTBI. These deficits persisted following the repeated mTBI. Repeated mTBI produced a transient attention deficit in the control group but did not exacerbate the attention deficit that is characteristic of the PNE group. Although neither PNE nor repetitive mTBI alone influenced immobility in the tail suspension test, when PNE mice were subjected to mTBI, there was a transient increase in this measurement suggesting a synergistic effect of ADHD and mTBI on depression-like behavior. Thus, our data using the PNE mouse model suggest that ADHD may be a risk factor for transient depression following repeated mTBI and that repeated mTBI may be a risk factor for transient attention deficit.

Feasibility of using death certificates for studying place of death in Latin America

Objective: this paper assesses the availability and quality of death certificate data in Latin America and the feasibility of using these data to study place of death and associated factors. Methods: in this comparative study, we collected examples of current official death certificates and digital data files containing information about all deaths that occurred during 1 year in 19 Latin American countries. Data were collected from June 2019 to May 2020. The records for place of death and associated variables were studied. The criteria for data quality were completeness, number of ill-defined causes of death and timeliness. Results: all 19 countries provided copies of current official death certificates and 18 of these registered the place of death. Distinguishing among hospital or other health care institution, home and other was possible for all countries. Digital data files with death certificate data were available from 12 countries and 1 region. Three countries had data considered to be of high quality and seven had data considered to be of medium quality. Categories for place of death and most of the predetermined factors possibly associated with place of death were included in the data files. Conclusions: the quality of data sets was rated medium to high in 10 countries. Hence, death certificate data make it feasible to conduct an international comparative study on place of death and the associated factors in Latin America.

Relación entre cifras de tensión arterial e indicadores de sobrepeso en población de adolescentes escolarizados de Manizales, Colombia, 2011 / Relationship between blood pressure, body mass index in school population of Manizales, Colombia, 2011

Antecedentes: La obesidad se relaciona con el desarrollo de hipertensión arterial en el adulto, se pretende estudiar la presencia de indicadores de riesgo de sobrepeso y su relación con cifras tensionales altas en una población de adolescentes escolarizados de Manizales (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Participaron en el estudio 923 adolescentes. A estos se les tomaron las medidas antropomértricas, y tensión arterial. Resultados: 51,1% de sexo femenino, entre 10 y 18 años de edad, con promedio de 14,25 sños. El 82,4% de los adolescentes presentaron un índice de masa corporal normal, promedio de índice cintura cadera de 0,85, promedio de perímetro abdominal de 74,99 cms, y de índice de masa corporal de 20,74 en niñas y 74,87, 0,87 y 20,29 en jóvenes. El promedio de presión arterial sistólica fue de 102.07 mmHg para mujeres y 103,62 mmHg para los hombres, en cuanto a la presión diastólica el promedio para mujeres fue de 63,45 mmHg y en los hombres fue de 64,07 mmHg. Tanto los análisis univariados como multivariados mostraron una relación significativa de ambas presiones, tanto para mujeres como paras hombres en todos los casos con el índice de masa corporal, los análisis multivariados mostraron dependencia de ambas medidas de presión con perímetro abdominal para hombres, en mujeres solo el análisis univariado mostró relación con la presión arterial diastólica, el índice cintura caderano mostró relación con nada en ningún caso. Conclusión: El indicador de sobrepeso más apropiado para medir riesgo de hipertensión en adolescentes es el índice de masa corporal...

Tumor de células gigantes de hueso: serie de casos durante 64 años en un único centro / Giant cell tumor of bone: a 64 years single center experience

Introducción: El tumor de células gigantes de hueso es una lesión localmente agresiva que tien-de a la recurrencia local y ocasionalmente presenta metástasis a distancia. Objetivo: describir la presentación clínica e histológica y la frecuencia relativa del tumor de células gigantes de hueso en un único centro, Medellín-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo; se revisaron todos los casos diagnosticados como tumor de células gigantes de hueso entre 1944 y 2008 en el Departamento de Patología de la Universidad de Antioquia, y para cada uno se revisaron las prin-cipales características clínicas e histológicas. Resultados: entre 1944 y 2008 se diagnosticaron 2.185 tumores óseos; de éstos, 302 tenían diagnóstico de tumor de células gigantes del hueso y se confirmó el diagnóstico en 117, correspondiente al 5,3% de todos los tumores óseos. La rela-ción mujer: hombre fue de 1,1:1. Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron fémur distal (19,7%), tibia proximal (25,6%), manos y pies (11,1%), radio distal (9,4%) y húmero proximal (8,5%). Las características histológicas atípicas que se observaron fueron áreas fusocelulares, invasión de tejidos blandos, necrosis, hemorragia, áreas de quiste óseo aneurismático secundario, áreas de células mononucleadas con escasas células gigantes y formación de osteoide dentro del tumor...

Introduction: Giant cell tumors of bone are locally aggressive lesions that tend to recur locally and that rarely metastasize. Objective: to describe clinical and histological features, and relative frequency of giant cell tumors of bone in a single center, in the city of Medellín-Colombia. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted. All the tumors diagnosed as giant cell tumor of bone between 1944 and 2008 in the Department of Pathology of Universidad de Antioquia were reviewed, and for each patient, important clinical and histological features were assessed. Results: between the years 1944 and 2008, 2,185 bone tumors were diagnosed; of these, 302 were diagnosed as giant cell tumor of bone, but in this study the diagnosis was confirmed only in 117 cases; 5.3% of all bone tumors. The female: male ratio was 1.1:1. The tumors were most requently found in the distal femur (19.7%), proximal tibia (25.6%), hands and feet (11.1%), distal radio (9.4%), and proximal humerus (8.5%). Atypical features observed in the tumors included spindle cell areas, soft tissue invasion, necrosis, hemorrhage, aneurysmal bone cyst-like changes, and osteoid formation...