Efficacy of Agmatine Treatment in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis Rat Model.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute pancreatitis which is characterized by pancreatic inflammation can sometimes be difficult to treat because of limited therapeutic options. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of agmatine in the acute pancreatitis experimental rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An acute pancreatitis model was created with the administration of cerulein in 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats. Agmatine was administered as a protective agent at 5 mg/kg (low dose) and 10 mg/kg (high dose). The rats were divided into 5 groups, each with 8 rats: group 1 (acute pancreatitis); group 2 (acute pancreatitis+low-dose agmatine 5 mg/kg); group 3 (acute pancreatitis+high-dose agmatine 10 mg/kg); group 4 (placebo, acute pancreatitis+saline); and group 5 (sham and saline infusion). All rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection, and the levels of superoxide dismutase, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were assessed in blood samples collected via cardiac puncture. Histopathological examination was performed by a pathologist, who was blind to the groups, according to the Schoenberg's pancreatitis scoring index. RESULTS: The amylase (16.67 and 37.89 U/L), glutathione peroxidase (13.62 and 18.44 ng/mL), tumor necrosis factor-α (39.68 and 64 ng/mL), interleukin-1 (484.73 and 561.83 pg/mL), and transforming growth factor-ß (110.52 and 126.34 ng/L) levels were significantly lower and superoxide dismutase (1.29 and 0.98 ng/L) and malondialdehyde (0.99 and 0.96 nmol/mL) levels were significantly higher in group 3 compared to group 1 (P < .05). Moreover glutathione peroxidase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-ß levels were lower, and malondialdehyde levels were higher in the group 3 compared to group 2 (P < .05). Although the Schoenberg's pancreatitis scoring index was not significantly different between the high- and low-dose treatment groups, rats who received high-dose treatment had significantly lower scores compared to those with acute pancreatitis group. CONCLUSION: This is the first study that evaluated the efficacy of agmatine in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis. Agmatine, an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, had a protective effect in an experimental rat model of acute pancreatitis.

Symptom experience and care needs of Turkish palliative care patients.

BACKGROUND: Nurses need to focus on supporting patients' quality of life, supporting their families, reducing the morbidity rate, providing psychosocial support services to improve symptom management and delivering high-quality care. AIM: This study aimed to determine the symptom experience and care needs of Turkish patients who received inpatient treatment in palliative care units. METHODS: This descriptive research was conducted between May 2019 and May 2020. The study sample was composed of 200 palliative care patients selected using a convenience-purposive sampling method. The personal and disease-related characteristics were collected using the Patient Information Survey and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative Care scale. FINDINGS: The mean age of the sample was 75±15 years, and 56.5% were women. The patients' overall quality of life scores were below average (mean 84.05±19.44). The functional wellbeing and other concerns subscales of the scale were affected the most adversely. The Physical Wellbeing subscale was affected minimally, while the Emotional Wellbeing and Social Wellbeing subscales were affected moderately. Conclusion: The palliative care patients mostly needed support for the prevention and management of infections, management of respiratory distress and swallowing problems, dealing with confusion and improving compliance with treatment. The low quality of life scores emphasise the importance of urgent interventions for improving the functional wellbeing and symptom management in these patients.