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Acute pancreatitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It can develop complications such as fluid collections and necrosis. Infection of necrosis occurs in about 20-40 % of patients with severe acute pancreatitis, and is associated with organ failure and worse prognosis. In the past few years the treatment of pancreatic collections has shifted from open surgery to minimally invasive techniques such as endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage. These guidelines from a selection of experts among the Endoscopic Ultrasound Group, Spanish Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (GSEED-USE) are intended to provide advice on the management of pancreatic collections based on a thorough review of the available scientific evidence. It also reflects the experience and clinical practice of the authors, who are advanced endoscopists or clinical pancreatologists with extensive experience in managing patients with acute pancreatitis.
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Endossonografia , Pancreatite , Humanos , Endossonografia/métodos , Pancreatite/diagnóstico por imagem , Pancreatite/terapia , Drenagem/métodos , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , EspanhaRESUMO
The "third space endoscopy" or also called "submucosal endoscopy" is a reality we can transfer to our patients since 2010. Various modifications of the submucosal tunneling technique allow access to the submucosa or deeper layers of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia, also called esophageal POEM, other variants have emerged that make it possible to treat different esophageal motility disorders, esophageal diverticula, subepithelial tumors of various locations, gastroparesis, reconnection of complete esophageal strictures or even thanks to exceptional endoscopists, pediatric disorders such as Hirschsprung's disease. Although some technical aspects are yet to be standardized, these procedures are becoming widespread worldwide and will likely become the standard treatment of these pathologies soon.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for the detection and localization of Barrett's neoplasia and assess its performance compared with that of general endoscopists in a statistically powered multicenter study by using real-time video sequences. METHODS: In phase 1, the hybrid visual geometry group 16-SegNet model was trained by the use of 75,198 images and videos (96 patients) of neoplastic and 1,014,973 images and videos (65 patients) of nonneoplastic Barrett's esophagus. In phase 2, image-based validation was performed on a separate dataset of 107 images (20 patients) of neoplastic and 364 images (14 patients) of nonneoplastic Barrett's esophagus. In phase 3 (video-based external validation) we designed a real-time video-based study with 32 videos (32 patients) of neoplastic and 43 videos (43 patients) of nonneoplastic Barrett's esophagus from 4 European centers to compare the performance of the CAD model with that of 6 nonexpert endoscopists. The primary endpoint was the sensitivity of CAD diagnosis of Barrett's neoplasia. RESULTS: In phase 2, CAD detected Barrett's neoplasia with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 95.3%, 94.5%, and 94.7%, respectively. In phase 3, the CAD system detected Barrett's neoplasia with sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 93.8%, 90.7%, 95.1%, and 92.0%, respectively, compared with the endoscopists' performance of 63.5%, 77.9%, 74.2%, and 71.8%, respectively (P < .05 in all parameters). The CAD system localized neoplastic lesions with accuracy, mean precision, and mean intersection over union of 100%, 0.62, and 0.54, respectively, when compared with at least 1 of the expert markings. The processing speed of the CAD detection and localization were 5 ms/image and 33 ms/image, respectively. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study describing external (multicenter) validation of AI algorithms for the detection of Barrett's neoplasia on real-time endoscopic videos. The CAD system in this study significantly outperformed nonexpert endoscopists on real-time video-based assessment, achieving >90% sensitivity for neoplasia detection. This result needs to be validated during real-time endoscopic assessment.
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Esôfago de Barrett , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Humanos , Esôfago de Barrett/diagnóstico , Esôfago de Barrett/patologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Esofagoscopia/métodos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Redes Neurais de ComputaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided digestive anastomosis (EUS-A) is a new alternative under evaluation in patients presenting with afferent limb syndrome (ALS) after Whipple surgery. The aim of the present study is to analyze the safety and effectiveness of EUS-A in ALS. METHODS: This is an observational multicenter study. All patients ≥18 years old with previous Whipple surgery presenting with ALS who underwent an EUS-A using a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) between 2015 and 2021 were included. The primary outcome was clinical success, defined as resolution of the ALS or ALS-related cholangitis. Furthermore, technical success, adverse event rate, and mortality were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-five patients (mean age: 65.5 ± 10.2 years; 44.4% male) were included. The most common underlying disease was pancreatic cancer (68.9%). EUS-A was performed at a median of 6 weeks after local tumor recurrence. The most common approach used was the direct/freehand technique (66.7%). Technical success was achieved in 95.6%, with no differences between large (≥15 mm) and small LAMS (97.4% vs. 100%, P = 0.664). Clinical success was retained in 91.1% of patients. A complementary treatment by dilation of the stent followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography through the LAMS was performed in three cases (6.7%). There were six recurrent episodes of cholangitis (14.6%) and two procedure-related adverse events (4.4%) after a median follow-up of 4 months. Twenty-six patients (57.8%) died during the follow-up due to disease progression. CONCLUSION: EUS-A is a safe and effective technique in the treatment of malignant ALS, achieving high clinical success with an acceptable recurrence rate.
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Colangite , Adolescente , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colangite/etiologia , Colangite/cirurgia , Drenagem/métodos , Endossonografia/métodos , Stents/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodosRESUMO
1: ESGE recommends in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) the use of the Glasgow-Blatchford Score (GBS) for pre-endoscopy risk stratification. Patients with GBSâ≤â1 are at very low risk of rebleeding, mortality within 30 days, or needing hospital-based intervention and can be safely managed as outpatients with outpatient endoscopy.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 2: ESGE recommends that in patients with acute UGIH who are taking low-dose aspirin as monotherapy for secondary cardiovascular prophylaxis, aspirin should not be interrupted. If for any reason it is interrupted, aspirin should be re-started as soon as possible, preferably within 3-5 days.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 3: ESGE recommends that following hemodynamic resuscitation, early (≤â24 hours) upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy should be performed. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. 4: ESGE does not recommend urgent (≤â12 hours) upper GI endoscopy since as compared to early endoscopy, patient outcomes are not improved. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. 5: ESGE recommends for patients with actively bleeding ulcers (FIa, FIb), combination therapy using epinephrine injection plus a second hemostasis modality (contact thermal or mechanical therapy). Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. 6: ESGE recommends for patients with an ulcer with a nonbleeding visible vessel (FIIa), contact or noncontact thermal therapy, mechanical therapy, or injection of a sclerosing agent, each as monotherapy or in combination with epinephrine injection. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. 7 : ESGE suggests that in patients with persistent bleeding refractory to standard hemostasis modalities, the use of a topical hemostatic spray/powder or cap-mounted clip should be considered. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. 8: ESGE recommends that for patients with clinical evidence of recurrent peptic ulcer hemorrhage, use of a cap-mounted clip should be considered. In the case of failure of this second attempt at endoscopic hemostasis, transcatheter angiographic embolization (TAE) should be considered. Surgery is indicated when TAE is not locally available or after failed TAE. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 9: ESGE recommends high dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy for patients who receive endoscopic hemostasis and for patients with FIIb ulcer stigmata (adherent clot) not treated endoscopically. (A): PPI therapy should be administered as an intravenous bolus followed by continuous infusion (e.âg., 80âmg then 8âmg/hour) for 72 hours post endoscopy. (B): High dose PPI therapies given as intravenous bolus dosing (twice-daily) or in oral formulation (twice-daily) can be considered as alternative regimens.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. 10: ESGE recommends that in patients who require ongoing anticoagulation therapy following acute NVUGIH (e.âg., peptic ulcer hemorrhage), anticoagulation should be resumed as soon as the bleeding has been controlled, preferably within or soon after 7 days of the bleeding event, based on thromboembolic risk. The rapid onset of action of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACS), as compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), must be considered in this context.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
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Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Hemostase Endoscópica , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , HumanosRESUMO
Bariatric endoscopy (BE) encompasses a number of techniques -some consolidated, some under development- aiming to contribute to the management of obese patients and their associated metabolic diseases as a complement to dietary and lifestyle changes. To date different intragastric balloon models, suture systems, aspiration methods, substance injections and both gastric and duodenal malabsorptive devices have been developed, as well as endoscopic procedures for the revision of bariatric surgery. Their ongoing evolution conditions a gradual increase in the quantity and quality of scientific evidence about their effectiveness and safety. Despite this, scientific evidence remains inadequate to establish strong grades of recommendation allowing a unified perspective on prophylaxis in BE. This dearth of data conditions leads, in daily practice, to frequently extrapolate the measures that are used in bariatric surgery (BS) and/or in general therapeutic endoscopy. In this respect, this special article is intended to reach a consensus on the most common prophylactic measures we should apply in BE. The methodological design of this document was developed while attempting to comply with the following 5 phases: Phase 1: delimitation and scope of objectives, according to the GRADE Clinical Guidelines. Phase 2: setup of the Clinical Guide-developing Group: national experts, members of the Grupo Español de Endoscopia Bariátrica (GETTEMO, SEED), SEPD, and SECO, selecting 2 authors for each section. Phase 3: clinical question form (PICO): patients, intervention, comparison, outcomes. Phase 4: literature assessment and synthesis. Search for evidence and elaboration of recommendations. Based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification, most evidence in this article will correspond to level 5 (expert opinions without explicit critical appraisal) and grade of recommendation C (favorable yet inconclusive recommendation) or D (inconclusive or inconsistent studies). Phase 5: External review by experts. We hope that these basic preventive measures will be of interest for daily practice, and may help prevent medical and/or legal conflicts for the benefit of patients, physicians, and BE in general.
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Cirurgia Bariátrica , Balão Gástrico , Endoscopia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Obesidade/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The set of measures proposed by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG are aimed to help departments in their resumption of usual activity. We have prepared a number of practical recommendations regarding patient management and the stepwise resumption of healthcare activity. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. The general objectives of these recommendations include: (a)To protect our patients against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide them with high-quality care. (b)To protect all healthcare professionals against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2. (c)To resume normal functioning of our departments in a setting of ongoing risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2.
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Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Gastroenterologia/organização & administração , Departamentos Hospitalares/organização & administração , Controle de Infecções/organização & administração , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Agendamento de Consultas , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Técnicas de Diagnóstico do Sistema Digestório/instrumentação , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/complicações , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/terapia , Desinfecção , Interações Medicamentosas , Contaminação de Equipamentos/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar/organização & administração , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Profissional para o Paciente/prevenção & controle , Transplante de Fígado , Programas de Rastreamento/organização & administração , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Equipamentos de Proteção , Avaliação de Sintomas , Telemedicina/organização & administração , Precauções UniversaisRESUMO
The overstitch endoscopic suturing system has opened a novel arena in endoscopy. To properly apply endoscopic suturing techniques, it is important to understand suture patterns and the different traction methods available. Applications beyond tissue compression in bariatric endoscopy include: closure, traction and fixation. Closure could be applied to perforations, suture dehiscences, fistulas and stoma reduction. Traction could be applied either as a pulley method to improver resection or as an improved method to decrease a defect size and help pull it into an over the scope clip. Fixation has been mainly used to secure stents.
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Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/instrumentação , Stents , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Técnicas de Sutura/instrumentação , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Fístula Gástrica/cirurgia , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/cirurgia , Perfuração Intestinal/cirurgia , Ilustração Médica , Estomas Cirúrgicos , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/cirurgiaRESUMO
ESGE suggests endoscopic therapy and/or extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) as the first-line therapy for painful uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis (CP) with an obstructed main pancreatic duct (MPD) in the head/body of the pancreas. The clinical response should be evaluated at 6â-â8 weeks; if it appears unsatisfactory, the patient's case should be discussed again in a multidisciplinary team and surgical options should be considered.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.ESGE suggests, for the selection of patients for initial or continued endoscopic therapy and/or ESWL, taking into consideration predictive factors associated with a good long-term outcome. These include, at initial work-up, absence of MPD stricture, a short disease duration, non-severe pain, absence or cessation of cigarette smoking and of alcohol intake, and, after initial treatment, complete removal of obstructive pancreatic stones and resolution of pancreatic duct stricture with stenting.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.ESGE recommends ESWL for the clearance of radiopaque obstructive MPD stones larger than 5âmm located in the head/body of the pancreas and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for MPD stones that are radiolucent or smaller than 5âmm. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE suggests restricting the use of endoscopic therapy after ESWL to patients with no spontaneous clearance of pancreatic stones after adequate fragmentation by ESWL.Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE suggests treating painful dominant MPD strictures with a single 10-Fr plastic stent for one uninterrupted year if symptoms improve after initial successful MPD drainage. The stent should be exchanged if necessary, based on symptoms or signs of stent dysfunction at regular pancreas imaging at least every 6 months. ESGE suggests consideration of surgery or multiple side-by-side plastic stents for symptomatic MPD strictures persisting beyond 1 year after the initial single plastic stenting, following multidisciplinary discussion. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.ESGE recommends endoscopic drainage over percutaneous or surgical treatment for uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis (CP)-related pseudocysts that are within endoscopic reach.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends retrieval of transmural plastic stents at least 6 weeks after pancreatic pseudocyst regression if MPD disruption has been excluded, and long-term indwelling of transmural double-pigtail plastic stents in patients with disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.ESGE suggests the temporary insertion of multiple side-by-side plastic stents or of a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) for treating CP-related benign biliary strictures.Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends maintaining a registry of patients with biliary stents and recalling them for stent removal or exchange.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
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Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/métodos , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/normas , Pancreatite Crônica/cirurgia , Cálculos/cirurgia , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Litotripsia , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic treatment of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) with high-risk adverse outcome (HR-AO) features has a high risk of failure. We studied the safety and efficacy of over-the-scope clips (OTSC) to treat these lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included patients who were treated using OTSC for NVUGIB from January 2015 to October 2017. We studied rebleeding and mortality rates and used the Rockall data and our institution's prior data for comparison. We used descriptive and chi-square statistics. RESULTS: We studied 18 patients with 19 bleeding lesions: 9 (47â%) duodenal ulcers, 4 (21â%) Dieulafoy's lesion, 3 (16â%) gastric ulcer, and 3 (16â%) bleeding after gastric biopsy, gastric polypectomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of peri-gastric mass. We applied OTSC as the first-line treatment in 10 (53â%) and as the second-line treatment in 9 (47â%) bleeding lesions. Continued bleeding after OTSC occurred in six patients, but we treated it successfully and achieved complete hemostasis in all patients. We found OTSC use significantly decreased (0â% vs. 53â%, P â<â0.01) and reduced (0â% vs. 24â%, P â=â0.08) the rebleeding rate in our high-risk (RSâ≥â8) and intermediate-risk (RSâ=â4 - 7) Rockall score patients as compared to the rates reported by the Rockall study, respectively. When compared to our institution's prior study, we found a decrease in the rebleeding rate with OTSC (0â% vs. 21â%, P â=â0.06) in our intermediate-to-high risk Rockall score patients (RSâ≥â4). There was no difference in mortality rates as compared to both control studies. CONCLUSION: Use of OTSC is safe, efficacious and appears superior to standard treatment for HR-AO NVUGIB. OTSC should be considered as first-line treatment for HR-AO bleeding.
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This document summarizes the contents of the Clinical Guidelines for the Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Non-Pedunculated Colorectal Lesions that was developed by the working group of the Spanish Society of Digestive Endoscopy (GSEED of Endoscopic Resection). This document presents recommendations for the endoscopic management of superficial colorectal neoplastic lesions.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Cirurgia Colorretal/métodos , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/métodos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Mucosa Intestinal/cirurgia , Doenças do Colo/cirurgia , Cirurgia Colorretal/normas , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/normas , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/normas , Humanos , Doenças Retais/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: research has shown that an endoscopist-nurse clinical team can perform sedation with propofol effectively, safely and efficiently. To do so, it is essential to provide specific and appropriate training in the necessary skills. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of the sedation procedure administered by non-anesthetists in a digestive endoscopy unit, one year after its introduction. METHODS: a prospective cohort study was performed in patients given propofol sedation by non-anesthetists. Subsequently, a random sample of clinical records was selected in order to evaluate the adherence of professionals to the quality criteria and to assess the rate of adverse events related to sedation. RESULTS: a total of 595 procedures were performed under propofol sedation during the study period. The rate of adverse events was 2.4% (n = 507), mainly involving hypotension and hypoxemia. Adherence to the sedation procedure was above 80% for most of the applicable criteria, although it was lower for the completion of ASA risk evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: the results of the study suggest that propofol can be administered safely and effectively by a qualified endoscopist-nurse team, in patients with an ASA I-II risk. Audits of adherence by medical staff to the recommended procedure facilitate the identification of areas for improvement; further work is needed on the aspects that have not yet been consolidated.
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Sedação Consciente/métodos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos , Propofol , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Sedação Consciente/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Propofol/efeitos adversos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
This document summarizes the contents of the Clinical Guidelines for the Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Non-Pedunculated Colorectal Lesions that was developed by the working group of the Spanish Society of Digestive Endoscopy (GSEED of Endoscopic Resection). This document presents recommendations for the endoscopic management of superficial colorectal neoplastic lesions.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/normas , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In high-risk surgical patients, the treatment of choice of acute cholecystitis is percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD). Recently, a novel endoscopic device containing a lumen-apposing metal stent with an electrocautery (ECE-LAMS) on the tip has been developed. METHODS: High-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis who underwent EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) with the novel device were retrospectively retrieved from 7 tertiary care referral centers. Main endpoints were technical and clinical success rates, rate of procedural adverse events, and short- and long-term adverse events. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (mean age, 75 ± 11 years; 36 men) underwent EUS-GBD. The procedure was technically and clinically successful in 98.7% and 95.9% of cases, respectively. Three patients without resolution of cholecystitis died, and 2 patients had procedure-related adverse events: 1 perforation requiring surgery and 1 major bleeding resolved conservatively. The mean follow-up for the entire cohort was 201 ± 226 days. Seven patients (9.6%) died within the first 30 days; 50 patients (71.4%) were alive at the last date of follow-up. Short- and long-term adverse events occurred in 6 patients: 3 had recurrent cholecystitis, 2 had migration of the stent, and 1 developed Bouveret syndrome, all managed nonsurgically. Overall, 8 adverse events (10.7%) occurred in the entire cohort of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The novel ECE-LAMS for high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis is safe, with a high technical and clinical success rate. Future multicenter studies comparing EUS-GBD versus PTGBD are warranted to determine which procedure is safer and clinically more effective for patients with high surgical risk acute cholecystitis.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Biliar/métodos , Colecistite Aguda/cirurgia , Eletrocoagulação/métodos , Endossonografia , Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Stents Metálicos Autoexpansíveis , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Drenagem/métodos , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Feminino , Migração de Corpo Estranho/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Initial reports suggest that fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMSs) may be better suited for drainage of dense pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs), such as walled-off pancreatic necrosis. The primary aim was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of FCSEMSs for drainage of different types of PFCs in a large cohort. The secondary aim was to investigate which type of FCSEMS is superior. METHODS: This was a retrospective, noncomparative review of a nationwide database involving all hospitals in Spain performing EUS-guided PFC drainage. From April 2008 to August 2013, all patients undergoing PFC drainage with an FCSEMS were included in a database. The main outcome measurements were technical success, short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (6 months) effectiveness, adverse events, and need for surgery. RESULTS: The study included 211 patients (pseudocyst/walled-off pancreatic necrosis, 53%/47%). The FCSEMSs used were straight biliary (66%) or lumen-apposing (34%). Technical success was achieved in 97% of patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 93%-99%). Short-term- and long-term clinical success was obtained in 94% (95% CI, 89%-97%) and 85% (95% CI, 79%-89%) of patients, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 21% of patients (95% CI, 16%-27%): infection (11%), bleeding (7%), and stent migration and/or perforation (3%). By multivariate analysis, patient age (>58 years) and previous failed drainage were the most important factors associated with negative outcome. CONCLUSIONS: An FCSEMS is effective and safe for PFC drainage. Older patients with a history of unsuccessful drainage are more likely to fail EUS-guided drainage. The type of FCSEMS does not seem to influence patient outcome.
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Drenagem/instrumentação , Pâncreas/cirurgia , Pseudocisto Pancreático/cirurgia , Sistema de Registros , Stents Metálicos Autoexpansíveis , Idoso , Bases de Dados Factuais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/instrumentação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Drenagem/métodos , Endossonografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Pâncreas/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/instrumentação , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A lumen-apposing, self-expanding metal stent incorporated in an electrocautery-enhanced delivery system for EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) recently has become available. The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and clinical effectiveness of this newly developed device in this clinical setting. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients with PFCs who underwent EUS-guided drainage using the study device in 13 European centers. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients with PFCs (80% with complex collections) underwent drainage using the study device. Penetration of the PFC was accomplished directly with the study device in 74.2% of patients, and successful stent placement was accomplished in all but 1 patient, mostly without fluoroscopic assistance. Direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) was carried out in 31 of 52 cases (59.6%) of walled-off necrosis and in 2 of 4 cases (50%) of acute peripancreatic fluid collection. Complete resolution of the PFC was obtained in 86 cases (92.5%), with no recurrence during follow-up. Treatment failure occurred in 6 patients because of persistent infection requiring surgery (n = 3), perforation and massive bleeding caused by the nasocystic drainage catheter (NCDC) (n = 2), and the need for a larger opening to extract large necrotic tissue pieces (n = 1). Major adverse events occurred in 5 patients (perforation and massive bleeding caused by the NCDC in 2 patients, 1 pneumoperitoneum and 1 stent dislodgement during DEN, and 1 postdrainage infection) and were mostly not related to the drainage procedure. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-guided drainage with the electrocautery-enhanced delivery system is a safe, easy to perform, and a highly effective minimally invasive treatment modality for PFCs.
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Drenagem/instrumentação , Eletrocoagulação/instrumentação , Endossonografia , Pancreatite/terapia , Stents Metálicos Autoexpansíveis , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Drenagem/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Suco Pancreático , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Plastic stents, placed via endoscopy to drain pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs), require repeat access. Covered metal stents are larger in diameter and can be inserted in a single step, but can migrate. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a lumen-apposing, covered, self-expanding metal stent (LACSEMS) for PFC drainage. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of the outcomes of stent placement in 33 patients (18 men; age, 53 ± 14 y; 28 with chronic pancreatitis) with symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis (≥ 6 cm with ≥ 70% fluid content). Subjects were enrolled at 7 tertiary care centers (6 in the United States and 1 in Europe) from October 2011 through August 2013. Cystenterostomies were created based on endoscopist preference. Safety outcomes included infection, bleeding, perforation, tissue injury, and stent migration. Efficacy end points included LACSEMS placement, patency, and removal, as well as 50% or more reduction in PFCs. RESULTS: The mean size of the patients' PFCs was 9 ± 3.3 cm. LACSEMSs were placed successfully via endoscopic ultrasound guidance in 30 patients (91%); the remaining 3 patients received 2 double-pigtail stents. One subject could not be evaluated because of a pseudoaneurysm. In the patients receiving LACSEMS, PFCs resolved in 27 of 29 (93%). Overall, PFCs resolved in 30 of 33 patients (91%). Endoscopic debridement through the LACSEMS was conducted in 11 subjects. Complications (15%) included abdominal pain (n = 3), spontaneous stent migration, back pain (n = 1), access-site infection, and stent dislodgement (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: LACSEMS were placed successfully in 91% of subjects with PFCs. Overall, 93% had PFC resolution. Advantages of LACSEMSs over other stents include single-step deployment and the ability to perform endoscopic debridement with minimal stent migration. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01419769.
Assuntos
Drenagem/métodos , Endoscopia/efeitos adversos , Endoscopia/métodos , Endossonografia/efeitos adversos , Endossonografia/métodos , Suco Pancreático , Stents/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metais/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancreatopatias/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: A novel large-diameter, lumen-apposing, self-expanding metal stent with bilateral flanges was recently developed for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural drainage of symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this stent in a large cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with a PFC undergoing EUS-guided drainage with this novel stent were prospectively enrolled in this multicenter cohort study. RESULTS: There were 61 patients: 46 patients (75â%) with walled-off necrosis (WON) and 15 (25â%) with a pancreatic pseudocyst. Stent placement was technically successful in 60 patients (98â%, 95â%CI 95â%â-â100â%). Clinical success, defined as resolution of clinical symptoms in combination with a decrease in the PFC size to ≤â2âcm on imaging, was achieved in 93â% of patients with a pancreatic pseudocyst (95â%CI 77â%â-â100â%) and in 81â% of patients with WON (95â%CI 69â%â-â94â%). Treatment failure occurred in nine patients (16â%, 95â%CI 6â%â-â26â%), including four patients who required surgical intervention. Stent removal was performed in 82â% of patients after a median of 32 days (range 2â-â178) and was rated as easy in all but one patient. In 10 patients, endoscopic stent removal was not performed because of stent migration (nâ=â3), stent dislodgement during necrosectomy (nâ=â3), stent removal during surgery (nâ=â2), or refusal by the patient (nâ=â2). In total, five major complications were reported (9â%, 95â%CI 2â%â-â16â%), including PFC infection (nâ=â4) and perforation (nâ=â1). CONCLUSION: EUS-guided drainage using this novel stent is feasible and the clinical results obtained are promising with a low major complication rate.