Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus EM1107 prevents hyperglycemia, alveolar bone loss, and inflammation in a rat model of diabetes and periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the antihyperglycemic, anti-bone-resorptive, and anti-inflammatory efficacy of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus EM1107 in an experimental model of ligature-induced periodontitis in diabetic rats treated with metformin (Met). METHODS: A total of 114 male Wistar rats was randomly divided into six groups: (1) control, (2) experimental periodontitis (EP), (3) EP + diabetes mellitus (DM), (4) EP + probiotic (Prob), (5) EP + DM + Prob, and (6) EP + DM + Prob + Met. The animals received probiotic gavage during the 30 days of the experiment. DM was induced on the 14th day of the experiment with a single injection of streptozotocin into the penile vein, followed by ligature for EP induction and Met gavage on the 19th day and euthanasia on the 30th day. Heart blood, gingival and periodontal tissue, and hemimaxillae were collected. Biomolecular analysis, immunoenzymatic assays, histomorphology, and microtomographic analysis were performed. Data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the Prob groups (p < 0.05) as well as in blood glucose levels in the Prob and Met groups (p < 0.001). In addition, histomorphological analysis revealed that the Prob groups had a reduction in inflammatory infiltrate. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and microtomographic analyses showed that the EP/DM/Prob/Met group had significantly lower linear and volumetric bone loss than those who had no treatment (p < 0.01). SOD and GPx immunostaining decreased in all groups receiving probiotics. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the immunoinflammatory efficacy of the probiotic L. rhamnosus EM1107 administered either alone or in association with Met in type 1 DM associated with periodontitis.

Peptide profile of Coalho cheese: A contribution for Protected Designation of Origin (PDO).

Coalho cheese of Ceará and the Jaguaribe region of Brazil has been studied to determine its peptide profile. Peptides generated by the action of peptidases upon cheese proteins were separated by reverse-phase HPLC to give 28 fractions. Peptide sequencing after MS/MS fragmentation enabled the identification of 116 different peptides; 74 of them originated from ß-casein, 4 from ßA2-casein, 4 from ßA3-casein, 25 from αS1-casein, 5 from αS2-casein, and 4 from κ-casein. Phosphorylated peptides were identified, one from αS1-casein and 17 from ß-casein. Other reports on the bioactivity of casein-derived peptides have shown that the ß-casein peptide (193-209) exhibits immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and antihypertensive activity. The peptides ß-casein (58-72), ß-casein (193-202), αs1-casein (85-91), αs1-casein (1-9), as well as αs2-casein (189-197) have antihypertensive activity. The fragment αS1-casein (1-23) is an immunomodulatory and antimicrobial peptide. These results can be a marker to determine the authenticity of this Brazilian cheese.