Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Photoprotective Investigation of Red Propolis Extract as Sunscreen Formulation in Polawax Cream.

Many activities have been described for propolis, including, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antioxidant and wound healing properties. Recently, propolis has been highlighted due to its potential application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, motivating a better understanding of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Propolis and its main polyphenolic compounds presented high antioxidant activity, and effectiveness as broad spectrum UVB and UVA photoprotection sunscreens. Through a qualitative phytochemical screening, the ethanolic red propolis extracts (EEPV) (70% at room temperature and 70% at a hot temperature) presented a positive result for flavonoids and terpenoids. It presented an antioxidant activity for reducing 50% of DPPH of 17 and 12 µg/mL for extraction at room temperature and at a hot temperature, respectively. The UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis allowed the annotation of 40 substances for EEPV-Heated and 42 substances for EEPV-Room Temperature. The IC50 results of the ABTS scavenging activity was 4.7 µg/mL for both extractions, at room temperature and at a hot temperature. Additionally, we also evaluated the cytotoxic profile of propolis extracts against macrophage (RAW 264.7 cells) and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), which showed non-cytotoxic doses in cell viability assays even after a long period of exposure. In addition, propolis extracts showed antibacterial activity for Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis), demonstrating potential biological activity for the creation of formulations aimed at disease control and prevention.

Radiation-induced Oral Mucositis in Brazilian Patients: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of radiation-induced oral mucositis (OM) and associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed at a reference dental care center. The medical records of patients submitted to radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer were used to collect clinical and demographic variables. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis and multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance [p<0.05; 95% confidence intervaI (CI)]. RESULTS: Four hundred and thirteen patients were analyzed. The mean age was 55±14 years. The prevalence of OM in the overall sample was 41.9% and was higher among males (78.2%). The following variables were significantly associated with the outcome: radiation dose [prevalence ratio (PR)= 1.04; 95% CI=1.02-1.06]; concomitant chemotherapy (PR=1.48, 95% CI=1.05-2.08); oral candidiasis (PR=1.97, 95% CI=1.44-2.68); and osteoradionecrosis (PR=1.51, 95% CI=1.10-2.06). CONCLUSION: Radiation-induced OM was associated with radiation dose, concomitant chemotherapy, oral candidiasis and osteoradionecrosis. The rate of OM underscores the importance of adequate oral care prior to treatment for head and neck cancer.

Oral paracoccidioidomycosis: Retrospective analysis of 55 Brazilian patients.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a rare fungal infection in the world, but endemic and acquired exclusively in Latin America, with the highest prevalence in South America and Brazil, particularly. Changes in oral cavity are common and constitute the first clinical manifestation in many patients. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of oral PCM and analyse the profile of the disease and patients. Retrospective research, consisting of information present in the medical records in the period 1998-2015, whose histopathological diagnosis was oral PCM. Fifty-five oral PCM cases were confirmed. Of these patients, 90.9% were males and 9.1% were females. The average age was 49.66 years and the most reported occupation was rural workers. The painful symptomatology was present in 61.82% of patients. Erythematous lesions were predominant in 73% of them. In single lesions (22 cases), the most common locations were jugal mucosa and tongue. In multiple involvement (30 cases), the most affected regions were lips, jugal mucosa and alveolar ridge. Epidemiology of PCM, was similar to several other studies, especially in Brazil. This is the most important fungal infection in Latin America and the recognition of oral lesions is extremely important, as is often the first and in many cases the only manifestation of the disease.

The anti-caries activity and toxicity of an experimental propolis-containing varnish

Abstract We investigated the anti-caries effects of an experimental propolis varnish in vivo, and further tested its toxicity against fibroblasts. Fifty-six SPF female Wistar rats were infected with Streptococcus mutans UA159 (SM) and allocated into four groups (n = 14/group): G1, propolis varnish (15%/PV); G2, chitosan varnish (CV/vehicle); G3, gold standard (GS/Duraphat®); and G4, untreated. The animals received a single varnish application on their molars and were submitted to a high cariogenic challenge (Diet-2000, 56% sucrose, and 5% sucrose-added water, ad libitum) for 4 weeks. Total cultivable microbiota and SM were counted, and smooth-surface and sulcal caries were scored. PV, CV and GS cytotoxic effects were tested against fibroblasts. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with the Tukey-Kramer test (p ≤ 0.05). Total microbiota and SM counts did not differ among the treatments (p = 0.78), or in relation to the untreated group (p = 0.52). PV reduced development of smooth-surface enamel caries compared with the untreated group (p = 0.0018), with no significant difference from GS (p = 0.92); however, the PV effects were no longer observed when the dentin was affected. Neither PV nor GS prevented enamel sulcal lesion onset, but GS significantly reduced the severity of dentinal sulcal lesions (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed in fibroblast viability between PV and GS (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, PV prevented smooth-surface enamel caries and showed low cell toxicity. Nevertheless, due to the high cariogenic challenge, its effects were not sustained throughout the experiment. Further studies are encouraged to establish a protocol to sustain the long-term anti-caries activity of PV in the oral cavity.

Isolation and characterization of gingival fibroblasts positive for alkaline phosphatase in patients with chronic periodontitis and drug-induced gingival hyperplasia / Isolamento e caracterização de fibroblastos gengivais positivos para fosfatase alcalina de pacientes portadores de periodontite crônica e hiperplasia gengival medicamentosa

Purpose: To investigate the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in gingival fibroblasts from individuals with chronic periodontitis (CP) and drug-induced gingival hyperplasia (DGH) induced by diphenylhydantoin. Methods: Gingival fragments were obtained from 13 patients (8 women and 5 men, from 22 to 74 years of age), with 4 fragments from clinically normal gingiva (NG), 5 from biopsy of periodontal pockets with CP, and 4 from DGH induced by diphenylhydantoin. Using an enzymatic digestion procedure, gingival cell suspensions containing ALP-positive fibroblasts were prepared without affecting ALP activity. Cytochemistry and histochemistry analyses were performed. Results: Fibroblasts from NG presented low levels of ALP when compared to CP and DGH, which showed elevated and intermediate levels of ALP, respectively. Little cell proliferation was observed for fibroblasts from CP and DGH as compared to NG. However, the quantity of cells recovered from the subcultures was similar to the quantity recovered from the initial cell culture for the three sources. Conclusion: The expression of ALP is increased in CP and DGH, and fibroblasts in CP and DGH show low proliferation. This suggests that periodontal inflammation and diphenylhydantoin may influence ALP expression and human gingival fibroblast expansion. Other studies are necessary to better assess the importance of ALP in the development and progression of CP and DGH.

Objetivo: Investigar a expressão da atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALP) em fibroblastos gengivais de sujeitos com periodontite crônica (PC) e hiperplasia gengival medicamentosa (HGM) induzida por difenilhidantoína. Metodologia: Os fragmentos gengivais foram obtidos de 13 pacientes (8 mulheres e 5 homens, 22 a 74 anos), sendo 4 fragmentos procedentes de gengiva clinicamente normal (GN), 5 de biópsias de bolsas periodontais com PC e 4 de HGM induzida pela difenilhidantoína. Através de digestão enzimática, suspensões de células gengivais foram preparadas contendo fibroblastos ALP-positivos sem afetar a atividade da enzima ALP. Análises citoquímica e histoquímica foram realizadas. Resultados: Fibroblastos de GN apresentaram fraca positividade para ALP quando comparados com PC e HGM. PC e HGM exibiram níveis elevados e intermediários, respectivamente, de ALP. Observou-se menor proliferação celular na cultura de células em PC e HGM que em GN. Entretanto, a quantidade de células recuperadas das sub-culturas foi similar à quantidade recuperada na cultura inicial para as três linhagens. Conclusões: A expressão de ALP na PC e na HGM encontra-se aumentada e ocorre baixa proliferação de fibroblastos na PC e na HGM. Isto sugere que a inflamação periodontal e a difenilhidantoína podem influenciar a expressão de ALP e a multiplicação de fibroblastos gengivais humanos. Outros estudos são necessários para melhor avaliar a importância de ALP no desenvolvimento e na progressão de PC e HGM.

Phase II study with mounthrinse containing 5% of propolis for three-months: compliance, appreciation and acceptability of the product / Estudo fase II com colutório contendo própolis 5%: aderência, apreciação e aceitabilidade do produto

A placa dentária é considerada um fator etiológico chave associado a gengivite decorrente. A sua remoção pode ser difícil em pacientes que possuam coordenação motora deficiente ou quaisquer outros problemas. Então, ouso do bochecho como adjunto da escovação no controle da placa bacteriana e da gengivite pode aumentar os benefícios no controle de placa dental. Um estudo de fase II foi utilizado para avaliar a aderência, a apreciação e a aceitabilidade de um enxaguatório bucal sem álcool contendo 5% de própolis verde (EPV 5%) no controle de placa e gengivite durante três meses. Cada indivíduo, ao final do estudo, respondeu a um questionário sobre a apreciação e aceitabilidade do enxaguante bucal. Vinte e um pacientes completaram o estudo, apesar de a maioria deles terem considerado o sabor do EPV 5% desagradável. Eles ficaram satisfeitos com o produto e apontaram as mudanças positivas na saúde bucal após o período de tratamento. Sendo assim, a adesão foi satisfatória (≥80%) sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre os períodos de bochecho da manhã da noite.

Dental plaque is considered a key etiological factor associated with arising gingivitis. Its removal can be difficult in pacients with lack of coordination or any other problems. Then, the use of mouthrinse as adjunct to toothbrushing in control of plaque and gingivitis might increase the benefits of controlling dental plaque. A phase II study was used to evaluate the compliance, appreciation and acceptability of an alcohol-free mouthwash contain 5% green propolis (MGP 5%) in control of plaque and gingivitis for three months. Each subject, at the end of the study, answered a questionnaire about appreciation and acceptance of the mouthwash. Twenty one subjects completed the study, although most of them felt the taste of MGP 5% unpleasant. They were satisfied with the product, pointing positive changes in the oral health after the treatment period. Then, the compliance was satisfactory (≥ 80%) with no statistically significant difference between the periods of rinsing in the morning and at night

Esterilização em Ortodontia: eficácia do esterilizador com esferas de vidro / Sterilization in Orthodontics: effectiveness of glass bead sterilizers

OBJETIVO: avaliar a efetividade do esterilizador com esferas de vidro Steri® 350, quanto ao controle de infecção das partes ativas dos alicates ortodônticos. METODOLOGIA: foram utilizados nove alicates ortodônticos, previamente esterilizados em autoclave à temperatura de 121ºC, durante 20 minutos. Posteriormente, as partes ativas dos alicates foram contaminadas com Bacillus stearothermophilus. Logo após, as pontas dos alicates foram colocadas no Steri® 350, durante os períodos de 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 e 40 segundos, em temperatura de 255ºC, para avaliar a eficácia da esterilização. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: o esterilizador com esferas de vidro mostrou-se eficaz no controle do crescimento de Bacillus stearothermophilus nas partes ativas dos alicates ortodônticos, a partir de 10 segundos de exposição à temperatura de 255ºC.

AIM: The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of Steri® 350glass bead sterilizer, on the infection control of the active part of the orthodontic pliers. METHODS: Nine orthodontic pliers were sterilized in the steam autoclave at 121ºC in 20 minutes and subsequently the active part of each plier was dipped in a culture for Bacillus stearothermophilus. Later, the active part of each plier was putted into the Steri® 350 in the following periods: 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 seconds at 255ºC to evaluate the efficiency of this method in the infection control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: This sterilization method has been effective to control the presence of Bacillus stearothermophilus on the active part of orthodontic pliers at 255ºC in 10 seconds.

Experimental oral chronic infection induced by actinomyces israelii and propionibacterium acnes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an experimental animal model of oral chronic infection induced by Actinomyces israelii and propionibacterium acnes in mice. Swiss/NIH mice (n=100), 21 days of age, male and female were divided into two groups of 45 animals. A. israelii (n=45) and P. acnes (n=45) were inoculated in the anterior mandibular paraperiosteal periodontal tissue associated with sodium alginate gel particles. The animals were evaluated clinically and microscopically at 1,3,7,15,21,30 and 45 days after inoculation. Actinomycotic and propioni lesions were induced in all animals. In control mice (n=10), no lesions were noted; however, differences in the clinical and histopathological evoluations of actinomycosis and propioni lesions were observed and are discussed in this study. Microorganisms entrapped in alginate gel provided a prolonged bacterial irritation, and chronic histopathologic features similar to those seen in human actinomycosis could be detected.

Antimicrobial activity of a propolis adhesive formulation on different oral pathogens

Recent studies have shown that propolis has appreciable antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral actions, as well as cytostatic and antitumoral activity. In light of these studies, the antimicrobial activity of a new adhesive formulation containing propolis was evaluated in this in vitro study. Susceptibility of the oral strains tested (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelli, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) was evaluated using the agar diffusion method with different concentrations of propolis (5, 10, 15 and 20%). All of the assayed bacteria and fungi species were susceptible to propolis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.75 to 14.0 ãfg/ml. The positive results suggest that propolis in this sustained release formulation should be further tested as an alternative therapy of infectious conditions of the oral cavity, such as denture stomatitis and periodontitis. However, in vivo studies of the effect of this new adhesive formulation of propolis are needed to determine its possible effects on the oral mucosa.

Infecção oral crônica experimental induzida por actinomyces israelii e propionibacterium acnes / Experimental oral chronic infection induced by actinomyces israelii and propionibacterium acnes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an experimental animal model of oral chronic infection induced by Actinomyces israelii and propionibacterium acnes in mice. Swiss/NIH mice (n=100), 21 days of age, male and female were divided into two groups of 45 animals. A. israelii (n=45)and P. acnes (n=45) were inoculated in the anterior mandibular paraperiosteal periodontal tissue associated with sodium alginate gel particles. The animals were evaluated clinically and microscopically at 1,3,7,15,21,30 and 45 days after inoculation. Actinomycotic and propioni lesions were induced in all animals. In control mice (n=10), no lesions were noted; however, differences in the clinical and histopathological evoluations of actinomycosis and propioni lesions were observed and are discussed in this study. Microorganisms entrapped in alginate gel provided a prolonged bacterial irritation, and chronic histopathologic features similar to those seen in human actinomycosis could be detected.

Candida oral colonization and infection in Brazilian patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify the profile of Candida species responsible for colonizing and infecting the oral cavity of Brazilian patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT). STUDY DESIGN: Saliva samples were collected from 21 patients before, during, and immediately after RT. Each sample was distributed in agar Sabouraud dextrose/chlorophenicol and incubated at 37 degrees C for 18 hours. Emerging colonies were identified biochemically and through the germinative tube test. Patients were examined weekly to identify clinical candidiasis. RESULTS: Candida colonization continuously increased during RT. Infection occurred in 52% of the patients, and baseline colonization was higher in infected patients. A shift toward non-albicans species was observed in both infected and noninfected patients. CONCLUSIONS: RT leads to increased colonization and infection by Candida. The shift toward non-albicans species was unrelated to antifungal therapy. There may be epidemiological differences between infected and noninfected patients.

Análisis de la eficacia de agentes químicos de desinfección en materiales elastoméricos / Analysis of the efficacy of disinfective chemical agents on elastomeric materials

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de agentes de desinfección indicados para polisulfuros (mercaptanos), poliéteres y siliconas por condensación y por adición. Fueron confeccionadas noventa muestras de cada material, siendo treinta de ellas contaminadas con Streptococcus mutans o Staphylococcus aureus o Candida albicans. De cada solución microbiana fueron retiradas diez muestras del polisulfeto y de ambas las siliconas, que fueron inmersas por diez minutos en glutaraldehído al 2 por ciento y otras diez inmersas en agua destilada estéril (control negativo). Después de un nuevo lavado en agua destilada, las muestras fueron transferidas a medios de cultivo estériles. Las diez muestras restantes no fueron sometidas al agente de desinfección y fueron transferidas a medios asociados a agentes antimicrobianos específicos (control positivo). La turbidez de los medios de cultivo fue evaluada como indicativo del crecimiento microbiano siguiéndose a la incubación por 24 h a 37O C y se realizó la dilución y sembrado en placas de Petri para contar las colonias. Para el poliéter fue ejecutado el mismo procedimiento, pero el agente de desinfección usado fue el hipoclorito de sodio a 1. No hubo turbidez comprobatoria del crecimiento microbiano en ninguno de los medios de cultivo que contenían los especimenes sometidos a los agentes de desinfección. Se concluyó que el glutaraldehído al 2 por ciento es un agente de desinfección eficaz para el polisulfuro y para las siliconas por adición y por condensación, así como el hipoclorito a 1 por ciento es eficaz para el poliéter, para los microorganismos evaluados

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the disinfection efficacy of elastomeric impression materials such as polysulfides, polyethers, condensation and addition silicones. Ninety samples of each material were made and every thirty samples contaminated with Streptococcus mutans or Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans. From each microbial solution there were taken ten samples of polysulfide and of both silicones which were immersed for ten minutes in a 2% glutaraldehyde solution and other ten immersed in sterile distilled water (negative control). After being washed again in distilled water, the samples were transferred to sterile culture medium. The last ten samples were not submitted to any disinfection agent and were transferred to mediums associated with specific anti-microbial agents (positive control). The turbidity of the culture mediums was evaluated as an indication of the microbial growth after a period of 24-hour incubation at 37oC and the dilution and seeding in Petri dishes were done to count the colonies. The same procedure was done for the polyether, but the disinfection agent used was 1% sodium hypoclorite. There was no proved turbidity of the microbial growth in any of the culture mediums which had samples submitted to the disinfection agents tested. It was concluded that the 2% glutaraldehyde is an effective disinfection agent to polysulfides and to both condensation and addition silicones, as well as 1% sodium hypoclorite is effective to polyether, for the tested microorganisms.

O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar a eficácia de agentes de desinfecção indicados para polissulfetos, poliéteres e siliconas de condensação e adição. Foram confeccionadas noventa amostras de cada material, sendo cada trinta contaminadas com Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus ou Candida albicans. De cada solução microbiana foram retiradas dez amostras do polissulfeto e de ambas as siliconas, que foram imersas por dez minutos no glutaraldeído a 2% e outras dez imersas em água destilada estéril (controle negativo). Após nova lavagem em água destilada, as amostras foram transferidas para meios de cultura estéreis. As dez amostras restantes não foram submetidas ao agente de desinfecção e foram transferidas para meios associados a agentes antimicrobianos específicos (controle positivo). A turbidez dos meios de cultura foi avaliada como indicativo de crescimento microbiano após incubação por 24 h a 37O C e realizou-se a diluição e semeadura nas placas de Petri para contagem de colônias. Para o poliéter foi executado o mesmo procedimento, porém o agente de desinfecção empregado foi o hipoclorito de sódio a 1%. Não houve turvação comprobatória de crescimento bacteriano em nenhum dos meios da cultura que continham corpos de prova submetidos aos agentes de desinfecção. Concluiu-se que o glutaraldeído a 2% é um agente de desinfecção eficaz para o polissulfeto e para as siliconas por adição e por condensação, assim como o hipoclorito a 1% é eficaz para o poliéter, para os microorganismos testados.

Odontogenic tumors: a study of 340 cases in a Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determinate the relative frequency of odontogenic tumors (OTs) in a Brazilian population and to compare this data with previous reports. METHODS: We reviewed the achieves of 19 123 specimens from oral pathology laboratory of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, from 1954 to 2004. Using the criteria of histologic typification published by the World Health Organization in 1992, we classified the OTs. RESULTS: A total of 340 OTs were found. The frequency of OTs comprises 1.78% of all pathologic specimens in our laboratory. The most frequent tumor was ameloblastoma (45.2%), followed by odontomas (24.91%), and myxomas (9.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Odontogenic tumors are uncommon lesions in this Brazilian population and malignant OTs are very rare. The relative frequency of various types of OTs, age, and gender distribution are similar to those reported in African, Asian but not to Chilean and North American series.

Prevalência de lesões de mucosa bucal em pacientes HIV-positivos da unidade de referência especializada em doenças infecciosas e parasitárias especiais-URE-DIPE (Belém-Pará) / Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in HIV-infected patients at the specialized reference center for infectious and parasitic diseases (Belém-Pará-Brazil)

O presente estudo, que objetivou avaliar a prevalência de manifestações bucais associadas ao HIV e sua relação com variáveis demográficas e imunológicas, assim como, com o regime terapêutico e a viremia, foi realizado na Unidade de Referência Especializada em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias Especiais (URE-DIPE), na cidade de Belém, estado do Pará. Os 116 pacientes examinados, entre 05 de janeiro e 05 de março de 2003, apresentaram contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ igual ou superior a 200céls/mm3 de sangue. Um total de 26 (22, 4 por cento) dos pacientes apresentaram lesões de mucosa bucal reconhecidas como associadas à infecção pelo HIV. A candidose pseudomembranosa foi a lesão mais frequente, acometendo 7 (6,3 por cento) dos pacientes estudados, sendo seguida pelo eritema gengival linear (4,3 por cento), úlcera inespecífica (3,4 por cento), candidose eritematosa (3,4 por cento), doença periodontal necrosante (2,6 por cento), hiperpigmentação da mucosa (2,6 por cento), queilite angular (1,7 por cento) e, finalmente, herpes labial que ocorreu em 2 (1,7 por cento) dos pacientes. A carga viral foi a única variável que se mostrou significativamente associada com a prevalência de lesões, mostrando que os pacientes com carga viral até 10.000 cópias/ml apresentaram um percentual significativamente inferior dessas lesões quando comparados com os pacientes com carga viral superior a 10.000 cópias/ml. Os achados desta pesquisa enfatizam a importância do exame clínico bucal como integrante da rotina de avaliações do paciente no curso da infecção pelo HIV

Actividad de fosfatasa acida en tejidos de camundongos inmunes de germenes y convencionales / Acid phosphatase activity in tissues of germ-free mice and in conventional ones

La relación que existe entre la flora microbiana y la actividad de la fosfatasa ßcida (FAc) en los tejidos animales es poco conocida y su acción sobre los tejidos orales de animales inmunes de gÚrmenes (GF) es poco estudiada. El objetivo de este trabajo es verificar la influencia de la flora indÝgena sobre la actividad de FAc en el masetero, lengua, riñón e hÝgado de animales GF y convencionales (CV). Fueron seleccionados camundongos con 45 dÝas, machos y hembras: 10 GF y 10 CV. Para el estudio fueron removidos el masetero, la lengua, el riñón y el hÝgado y posteriormente teñidos histoquÝmicamente para la actividad de FAc. Anßlisis de los resultados mostraron una reacción enzimßtica fuertemente positiva en los animales CV, en cuanto que los tejidos de los animales GF se presentó francamente positiva. Este estudio sugiere que la microbiota indÝgena es importante para la reaccion de FAc en los tejidos de los animales estudiados

Análise in vitro da atividade antibacteriana de cimentos de ionômero de vidro restauradores sobre streptococcus mutans e streptococcus sangus / In vitro antibacterial activity of restorative glass ionomer cements on streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis

Os cimentos de ionômero de vidro foram desenvolvidos por Wilson & Kent, na tentativa de se criar um material restaurador estético que associasse as propriedades de adesividade aos tecidos dentais, biocompatibilidade e atividade anticariogênica. Esta tem sido atribuída ao seu conteúdo de flúor, que participaria dos cilcos de desmineralização e redeposição mineral durante os desafios cariogênicos e ainda, segundo alguns autores, à inibição direta das espécies bacterianas envolvidas com a cárie. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de 4 marcas comerciais de cimentos ionoméricos restauradores (Chelon-Fil, Chelon-Silver, Vidrion R e Vidrion N) contra Streptococcus mutans e streptococcus sanguis, in vitro. Os testes foram realizados em microaerofilia, pelo método de difusão em ágar, utilizando-se corpos de prova padronizados de cada produto comercial, confeccionado à semelhança dos discos de papel empregados neste método. Como controle negativo, utilizou-se um disco fr papel embebecido em água destilada esterilizada e, como controle positivo, um disco embebido em solução de NAF A 0,05 e um sensibiodisc de eritromicina (15mcg). Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que os cimentos ionoméricos testados não foram capazes de inibir o crescimento de S. mutans ou de S. sa. sanguis

Atividade de fosfatase alcalina em tecidos de camundongos isentos de germes e convencionais / Alkaline phosphatase activity in germ free and conventional mice tissues

A microbiota indígena tem um efeito regulador extremamente importante sobre a fisiologia do hospedeiro. Os efeitos exercidos pela flora microbiana têm sido estudados em animais isentos de germes (GF) comparando-os com os seus pares convencionais (CV)...

Estudo histoquímico das atividades de fosfatase alcalina e fosfatase ácida nas vertentes interna e externa da parede näo mineralizada da bolsa periodontal supra-óssea de humanos / Histochemical study of the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in the internal and external vertents of non-mineralised wall of human supraosseous periodontal pocket

Na doença periodontal inflamatória crônica, com destaque especial à periodontite do adulto, a presença da placa microbiana promove no periodonto mudanças metabólicas teciduais caracterizadas por alteraçöes bioquímicas, fisiopatológicas, morfológicas e imunológicas constituindo área de intenso metabolismo. Em sequência, assinalamos também que fosfatase alcalina e fosfatase ácida säo enzimas hidrolíticas encontradas em regiöes teciduais de elevado metabolismo. A partir desses conhecimentos o propósito desta pesquisa foi verificar a presença dessas enzimas e sua relaçäo com o processo inflamatório e outras alteraçöes teciduais que ocorrem nas vertentes interna e externa da parede näo mineralizada da bolsa periodontal supra-óssea. Objetivamos também, averiguar ainda, se a idade, o sexo, e a localizaçäo das bolsas periodontais (dentes e faces) poderiam interferir na intensidade de reaçäo das fosfatases alcalina e ácida assim como, no processo inflamatório tanto nas vertentes internas como nas externas. Para isto, foram retirados 30 fragmentos de gengiva que correspondiam a parede näo mineralizada da bolsa periodontal supra-óssea, obtidas de peças cirúrgicas periodontais, após a realizaçäo de gengivectomia com finalidade terapêutica em trinta pacientes, oito do sexo masculino e vinte e dois do sexo feminino, com idade variando de 21 a 74 anos, todos portadores de periodontite do adulto e originados de clínica particular especializada. Todo o material, foi processado por métodos histotécnicos de rotina e métodos histoquímicos para identificaçäo das fosfatases. Os resultados demonstraram que fosfatase alcalina apresentou reaçäo fortemente positiva na vertente interna da bolsa e se encontra exclusivamente no tecido conjuntivo, estando a intensidade de sua reaçäo relacionada com a densidade do infiltrado inflamatório...