Estrogen receptor α and ß gene polymorphism in relation to bone mineral density and lipid profile in Northeast Indian women.

Estrogen regulates bone homeostasis and has a cardio-protective effect. Its physiological functions are mediated through receptors (ER) whose expression can be regulated by presence or absence of polymorphisms. However, the association between ER polymorphisms and BMD as well as lipids are inconsistent. The aim of the study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in ESR are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and lipids in a cohort of Indian women. We studied PvuII, XbaI polymorphisms in ESR1 and AluI, RsaI polymorphisms in ESR2 genes and their association with bone mineral density (BMD) and lipids in premenopausal (n = 293, mean age: 33.01 ±â€¯5.23 years) and postmenopausal (n = 145, mean age: 56.91 ±â€¯7.1 years) women from Northeast India. AluI and RsaI polymorphisms in ESR2 gene were associated with BMD in postmenopausal women. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, tobacco and alcohol consumption revealed that xx genotype in XbaI polymorphism is associated with osteopenia at spine (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.067-10.204) in postmenopausal women suggesting that allele X is protective (OR = 0.419, 95% CI = 0.177-0.991). Genotype aa in AluI polymorphism, seemed to be protective (OR = 0.092 for osteopenia; OR = 0.152 for osteoporosis) at spine whereas A allele was associated with osteopenia at femur (OR = 2.123, 95% CI = 1.079-4.166) in postmenopausal women. Allele r of RsaI polymorphism, was associated with osteoporosis at spine (OR = 3.222, 95% CI = 1.302-7.96). Thus, AIuI polymorphism of ESR2 gene was associated with spinal and femoral BMD whereas RsaI only with spinal BMD in postmenopausal women and ESR genotypes were not associated with lipids.

Association of high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and homocysteine with bone mineral density in young Indian tribal women.

This study investigated association between lipids and homocysteine (Hcy) with bone mineral density (BMD) in young women as opposed to previous studies on elderly women. HDL, triglyceride, and Hcy are significantly associated with BMD in young women and tobacco and alcohol consumption have no effect on this association. PURPOSE: The present study investigates whether the association of serum lipids and homocysteine (Hcy) with bone mineral density (BMD) reported mostly in elderly population can be generalized to young or premenopausal women, consequently suggesting screening of young women with low BMD for dyslipidemia or any cardiovascular events and vice versa. METHODS: Women (n = 293, aged 20-47 years) from Northeast India belonging to Tibeto-Burman origin were enrolled. Information about their physical and clinical attributes were collected by a structured questionnaire. Their BMDs at lumbar spine and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and sera were profiled for lipid parameters and Hcy by auto-analyzer and ELISA, respectively. Women consuming tobacco and/or alcohol were grouped as consumers and others as non-consumers for the analysis. RESULTS: Positive correlation of BMD with HDL (spine and femur r = 0.38, p < 0.0001) and triglyceride (spine r = 0.534, p < 0.0001; femur r = 0.423, p < 0.0001) was observed, whereas Hcy correlated negatively with BMD (spine r = - 0.189, p = 0.0026; femur r = - 0.273, p < 0.0001). LDL showed a weak negative correlation with BMD (spine r = - 0.128, p = 0.0283; femur r = - 0.199, p = 0.0006). However, after adjusting for age, BMI, and consumption, HDL, triglyceride, and Hcy continued to show significant correlation with BMD at both the sites. Logistic regression analyses indicated that HDL, triglyceride, and Hcy were significant predictors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in our study cohort; however, consumption did not contribute to its prediction. CONCLUSION: Low levels of HDL and triglyceride and high levels of Hcy are significantly associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in young Northeast Indian women.