A case report of melanosis of the bladder within a bladder diverticulum and associated Aerococcus urinary infection.

Background: Melanosis vesicae is a rare condition characterized by the deposition of melanin within the bladder urothelium. Case presentation: We present a case of a 72-year-old male with a history of recurrent urinary retention, bladder diverticula, and concurrent Aerococcus urinary tract infection who presented with left-sided abdominal pain. Cystoscopy revealed diffuse black splotch lesions throughout the bladder and two diverticula. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of melanosis vesicae. The patient ultimately underwent an open bladder diverticulectomy. Conclusion: The potential associations between melanosis vesicae, urinary tract malignancies and concurrent conditions such as bladder diverticula and urinary infections warrant further investigation.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma presenting at a bifurcation of a partially duplicated left ureter: A minimally invasive approach.

Urothelial carcinoma is the fourth most common solid organ malignancy. Rare cases arise from the upper urinary tract. A 78-year-old male presents with a chief complaint of hematuria, burning, urinary incontinence, and passing clots. The patient appeared to have a partial duplication of the left ureter. During the ureteroscopy, a mass was seen at the bifurcation of the partially duplicated left ureter. The mass in the ureter was classified as a T1 upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Minimally invasive endoscopic approaches were chosen to manage the patient and he presented to the operating room for laser ablation of the UTUC.

Small-cell neuroendocrine tumor of the bladder: A rare disease in a low-risk woman.

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in men and ninth most in woman. Most bladder cancers are urothelial, and the neuroendocrine sub-types make up 0.5-1.0% of cases. Here we present a 70-year-old female with poorly differentiated small cell carcinoma of the bladder who complains of an extensive history of gross hematuria. She was started on a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen of 21-day Etoposide with Carboplatin and radical cystectomy. More work needs to be done when it comes to the best treatment method for this rare cohort of patients.

Fractured copper intrauterine device (IUD) retained in the uterine wall leading to hysterectomy: A case report.

Several types of contraception methods exist, and among these are hormonal and non-hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs). Cases have been reported of fractured IUD pieces and retention of copper fragments upon attempted removal in office. These findings suggest the importance of careful removal of an IUD by providers. A 38-year-old Caucasian woman, gravida 2, para 2, presented for a colposcopy and endometrial biopsy (EMB). She had had a copper IUD (ParaGard) placed 10 years prior. She now requested to have it removed. After completion of the colposcopy and EMB, the provider located the IUD strings for removal. During careful removal of the IUD, a piece was broken off and remained in the uterine cavity. Upon visual inspection of the removed IUD, the right wing was missing and presumed to be still in the patient. Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) confirmed presence of a portion of the IUD in the uterine wall near the cervix. The patient was scheduled for surgical removal of the IUD by robot-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy. This case highlights the importance of thorough evaluation of an IUD upon removal. Practitioners who work with IUD insertion and removal should remain informed about this rare complication. Risk of fracture during IUD removal should be better communicated between physicians and patients. This case study underlines the importance of careful IUD planning, from insertion to removal. Further research considering improved stepwise removal should be considered.