RESUMO
We, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical College, conducted an evaluation of the usefulness and safety of granisetron hydrochloride used for nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy in patients with gynecological malignant tumors, with an additional study of the efficacy of different regimens. The subjects were 9 patients in whom 16 courses of CAP therapy were given (group A) and 13 patients in whom 24 courses of CAP therapy were given (group B). Granisetron hydrochloride 3 mg/body was administered by intravenous drip in the two groups before chemotherapy. Clinical symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were observed for 2 days after anticancer drugs were administered in order to evaluate its efficacy. The percentage of patients who responded as "effective" or better was 90.0%. In different regimens, the efficacy was 93.8% in group A and 87.5% in group B. These results indicated clinically high usefulness in both groups. No side effects related to granisetron hydrochloride were found in this study.
Assuntos
Antieméticos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Granisetron/uso terapêutico , Náusea/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Uterinas/tratamento farmacológico , Vômito/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Esquema de Medicação , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Epirubicina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Vômito/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
The natural history and biological behavior of adenocarcinoma and related lesion of the uterine cervix remain controversial issues, but the dynamic alterations in glycosylation in the cancer cells are well known. Recently, it was recently documented that the Ley antigen might be correlated with apoptosis. Over the past eight years, we have encountered 12 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma (AD), 11 cases of early adenocarcinoma (early AD) including 6 adenocarcinoma in situ and 5 microinvasive adenocarcinoma, 16 cases of endocervical glandular dysplasia (EGD) and 10 patients with normal endocervix (control) among 2,165 postoperative cases. Immunohistochemical localizations of Le(y), sialyl Le(x) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antigens were examined in serial sections. The localization of Le(y) antigen was predominant in the subcolumnar reserve cells in controls. The localization of sialyl Le(x) was predominant in the perinuclear portion of cells in cases of EGD. The localization of EGFR was presented in cases of tubal metaplasia, tubal type EGD, early AD and AD. These antigens were present in cases of EGD, early AD and AD, with AD cases showing the highest concentrations. To conclude, the presence of the Le(y) antigen might be correlated with differentiation, development and oncogenesis rather than with apoptosis in these lesions, EGD might indicate a precancerous lesion, and localization of the EGFR antigen indicates that tubal metaplasia, tubal type EGD, early AD and AD may have a common origin.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Antígenos do Grupo Sanguíneo de Lewis/análise , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Apoptose , Autoantígenos/análise , Receptores ErbB/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnósticoRESUMO
We evaluated the effects of estrogen, progestin, and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on plasma platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase (AH; PAF-AH) activity in rats. The effects on rat tissues of an i.v. injection of PAF were studied as part of our investigation of the mechanisms involved in thrombotic episodes. Plasma PAF-AH activity in adult female rats (14 wk of age) treated with 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (100 micrograms/kg, 5 days) was decreased by 70%. Medroxyprogesterone (50 mg/kg, 5 days) increased PAF-AH activity by 50%. CSE (0.5 cigarette/kg, 5 days) did not alter PAF-AH activity during the treatment. However, a combination of CSE and 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol decreased plasma PAF-AH activity by 90%. The decrease in PAF-AH activity was age-dependent. The effect of medroxyprogesterone on plasma PAF-AH activity was not influenced by CSE. When PAF (5-40 nmol/kg) was injected i.v. into untreated adult female rats, 9 of 16 animals died after a 20-nmol/kg dose of PAF. Macroscopic findings included hemorrhage, hyperemia, and congestion in the lungs and heart, and necrosis-like changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Microscopically, thrombi were observed in the lungs and heart. When PAF was administered to adult female rats pretreated with sex steroid hormones, the mortality of rats with low plasma PAF-AH activity caused by 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol was increased but that of rats with high PAF-AH activity caused by medroxyprogesterone was decreased. Thus, PAF and PAF-AH may play important roles in the thrombotic episodes known to occur in female smokers who use oral contraceptives.
Assuntos
Nicotiana , Fosfolipases A/sangue , Plantas Tóxicas , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , 1-Alquil-2-acetilglicerofosfocolina Esterase , Envelhecimento , Animais , Etinilestradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/farmacologia , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Intestinos/irrigação sanguínea , Intestinos/patologia , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , Pulmão/patologia , Medroxiprogesterona/farmacologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas/administração & dosagem , Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Trombose/etiologiaRESUMO
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is one of the potent proinflammatory agents and is associated with a number of human diseases, including asthma, endotoxin shock and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, plasma PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity to inactivate PAF is regulated by hormones. In this study, we elucidated the effects of estrogen and progestin on plasma PAF-AH and also the effects of PAF on rat tissues to investigate the mechanisms involved in the thrombotic episode. Plasma PAF-AH activity in female adult rats treated with 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (50 micrograms/kg, 5 days) was decreased by 50%. However, medroxyprogesterone (50 mg/kg, 5 days) increased the enzyme activity by 50%. When PAF (5 to 60 nmol/kg) was injected intravenously into non-treated female adult rats, 80% of the animals died at 20 nmol/kg of PAF. Macroscopic findings showed hemorrhage, hyperemia and congestion in the lungs and heart, and necrosis-like change in the gastrointestines. Microscopically, thrombus was observed in the lungs and heart. When PAF was administered to female adult rats pretreated with sex steroid hormones, the mortality of the rats with low plasma PAF-AH activity caused by estrogen was increased, but decreased in the animals with high enzyme activity caused by progestin. These findings suggest that the imbalance between PAF and plasma PAF-AH is one of the mechanisms involved in the thrombotic episode, and estrogen and progestin are related to the event by regulating the plasma PAF-AH activity.
Assuntos
Estrogênios/farmacologia , Fosfolipases A/sangue , Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Progestinas/farmacologia , Animais , Estrogênios/fisiologia , Feminino , Progestinas/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Trombose/etiologiaRESUMO
To investigate the peripheral metabolic status during normal pregnancy, we measured the number of erythrocyte Na,K-ATPase units as well as the cation transport activity of the pump from 32 normal pregnant women and 12 normal controls. The number of pump units determined by maximal ouabain binding to erythrocyte in normal pregnancy was significantly higher than that in normal controls (mean +/- SEM: 0.52 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.04 pmol/10(9)RBC, P < 0.05). The total cation transport activity of the pump measured by 86Rb uptake also significantly increased during pregnancy (98.9 +/- 6.4 vs. 73.1 +/- 5.4 nmol/10(9) RBC, P < 0.01). However, the mean cation transport activity per pump unit, which was presumed to be an indicator of the peripheral metabolic status, was unchanged in any of three trimesters when compared with that in normal controls. Serum FT4 levels measured by two different methods were significantly lower in the third trimester than in the first trimester (P < 0.01). In conclusion, erythrocyte Na, K-ATPase activity per pump unit is normal in pregnant women, suggesting that the peripheral metabolic status in pregnancy seems to be normal. Increases in both the number and function of the pump may be influenced by factors other than thyroid function.
Assuntos
Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Gravidez/sangue , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/sangue , Adulto , Gonadotropina Coriônica/metabolismo , Membrana Eritrocítica/enzimologia , Feminino , Humanos , Valores de Referência , Tireotropina/sangueRESUMO
To elucidate the mechanism of thyrotropic activity of human chorionic gonadotropin in sera of normal pregnant women, we examined the effect of blockade of the TSH receptor on the serum-induced cAMP accumulation and the effect of hCG on the TSH binding to FRTL-5 cells. In the presence of crude immunoglobulin fractions in sera from patients with primary hypothyroidism, cAMP accumulation induced by both crude and purified hCG, and normal pregnant women serum were significantly inhibited compared with that in the presence of normal IgGs. The mode of inhibition of these IgGs on the cAMP accumulation was similar for TSH and hCG when analysed by Lineweaver-Burk plots. Moreover, binding of [125I]bTSH to the TSH receptor in porcine thyroid cell membrane was apparently inhibited by adding 4 x 10(6) IU/l of purified hCG. Binding studies of TSH in FRTL-5 cells also indicated the dose-dependent displacements of [125I]TSH by hCG. Although half-maximal inhibitory concentration of hCG was about 20 times as high as that of TSH on a molar basis, displacement of [125I]TSH was observed at a concentration of hCG of 10(5)IU/l or more, which could be a physiological concentration of hCG in sera of normal pregnant women. These results suggest that thyrotropic activity of hCG in sera of normal pregnant women is, at least in a part, mediated by TSH receptors.
Assuntos
Gonadotropina Coriônica/sangue , Gravidez/sangue , Tireotropina/metabolismo , Animais , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Gonadotropina Coriônica/metabolismo , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/farmacologia , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Ratos , Receptores da Tireotropina/imunologia , Receptores da Tireotropina/metabolismo , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Tireotropina/imunologia , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
To ascertain the thyrotropic activity of human chorionic gonadotropin in sera of normal pregnant women, we examined the adenylate cyclase activation in the cultured FRTL-5 cells by extracted hCG from 7 normal pregnant women. hCG was extracted from the sera using anti-hCG-beta subunit monoclonal antibody-coated microwells, eluted with 2 mol/l guanidine-HCl, and reconstituted with hypotonic Hanks' solution. FRTL-5 cells were precultured in 5H medium, incubated for 2 h with the serum extracts, and the cAMP released into the medium was measured. hCG levels in serum extracts ranged from 1100 to 6800 IU/l; values corresponded to 1.4-19.8% compared with those in the original serum samples. Addition of the extracts to FRTL-5 cells resulted in significant increases in the cAMP accumulation, ranging from 9.8 to 59.0 nmol/l. cAMP levels were also increased in a dose-dependent manner by adding purified hCG as well as crude hCG and hTSH to FRTL-5 cells. These findings suggest that the thyroid gland of normal pregnant women may actually be stimulated by hCG itself.
Assuntos
Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Gravidez , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Células Cultivadas , Gonadotropina Coriônica Humana Subunidade beta , AMP Cíclico/biossíntese , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Tireotropina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Incidence, risk factors, prognosis and 5-year survival of the malignant tumors in the female genital organs, except the trophoblastic diseases, were described. The uterine cervical cancer is the most in Japan, but is already one the controlling cancer, though prognosis of the cervical adenocarcinoma is still poor. Incidence of the endometrial cancer is increasing. Ovarian malignant tumor is one of silent diseases and their 5-year survival rate is very low. Significant of the annual population screening against them was emphasized.
Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/mortalidade , Humanos , Incidência , Japão/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
The efficacy of immunotherapy using a streptococcal preparation, OK-432, was evaluated in each clinical stage of uterine cervical cancer. The 382 eligible patients were stratified by clinical stage and presence/absence of surgery. Within each stratum, patient's were randomly allocated to OK-432 treatment or to control treatment. OK-432 significantly inhibited recurrence in patients with stage II cervical cancer; the recurrence-free interval and survival time were remarkably prolonged in patients with stage II disease who underwent surgery. However, OK-432 did not significantly prolong these parameters in patients with stage III disease. Retrospective analyses revealed that in patients with or without lymph node metastases who underwent surgery, the recurrence-free interval and survival time were significantly prolonged by OK-432 treatment. These results indicate that OK-432 is an effective and useful postoperative immunotherapeutic agent for uterine cervical cancer.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Imunoterapia/métodos , Picibanil/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidadeRESUMO
To evaluate the effect of a thyroid stimulator on thyroid function in the sera of normal pregnant women, we measured thyroid-stimulating activity (TSA) using a highly sensitive bioassay based on cAMP accumulation in cultured rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Serum was pretreated with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the supernatant (PEG-pretreated serum) was then used in the following studies. FRTL-5 cells were preincubated in 5H medium and incubated for 2 h with PEG pretreated serum, and cAMP was measured. All 11 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves' disease with strongly positive thyroid-stimulating antibody activity had normal TSA, because only 5.6% of their immunoglobulin G was recovered in the PEG-pretreated serum. In 32 normal pregnant women, 29 (91%) had positive TSA. Their TSA showed statistically significant positive correlations with serum hCG and free T4 levels, and a negative correlation with serum TSH levels. Moreover, when hCG was absorbed from sera by incubation with the solid phase anti-HCG monoclonal antibody, a significant positive correlation was observed between the rate of decrease in hCG and that in TSA. In conclusion, 1) TSA exists in the sera of normal pregnant women, which reflects hCG itself; and 2) thyroid glands of normal pregnant women may be stimulated by TSA to induce a slight suppression of TSH but not sufficient to induce overt hyperthyroidism.
Assuntos
Gravidez/sangue , Tireotropina/sangue , Adulto , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Gonadotropina Coriônica/sangue , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Valores de Referência , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Tireotropina/isolamento & purificação , Tireotropina/farmacologia , Tiroxina/sangueRESUMO
The effect of therapeutic irradiation upon the lymphocyte subpopulation has been investigated in patients with cervical uterine cancer. The influence of radiotherapy was studied on lymphocyte subpopulations analyzed by monoclonal antibodies such as anti-Leu 2a, anti-Leu 3a, anti-Leu 4, anti-Leu 12, and anti-Leu 11a by a FACS analyzer, and by the PHA (phytohemagglutinin) response in 29 patients with cervical uterine cancer. The absolute counts of the various lymphocyte subpopulations were seen to remarkably decrease during radiation therapy, however, their percentages remained unchanged. As for 17 patients with cervical uterine cancer who each received a radical operation, the Th/Ts (T helper T/suppressor) ratio was seen to slightly decrease during radiation therapy. In contrast, in the remaining 12 patients with cervical uterine cancer who each received radiotherapy alone, the Th/Ts ratio was found to be higher than the former cases. This suggests that this phenomenon might be caused by the presence or absence of a tumor.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/radioterapia , Feminino , Humanos , Linfócitos T/classificação , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/imunologiaAssuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/análise , Infecções por Chlamydia/imunologia , Próstata/imunologia , Prostatite/etiologia , Uretra/imunologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Biópsia por Agulha , Infecções por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Masculino , Prostatite/imunologiaRESUMO
A case of primary gastric cancer without hepatic metastasis showing extremely high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels is reported. This case illustrates the application of the immuno-peroxidase technique to ascitic fluid cytology. Papanicolaou-stained smears of the ascites permitted the diagnosis of a metastatic carcinoma. A positive reaction to AFP was demonstrated in the tumor cells in the ascitic fluid cellular samples as well as in the paraffin-embedded tissue section of the primary gastric carcinoma. Rising AFP levels were also detected in ascitic fluid. AFP fractionation using lectin-affinity-crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis showed the hepatic rather than yolk sac type. Reports of such occurrences are few; no study, to the best of our knowledge, has previously documented cytological and immunocytochemical diagnosis in ascitic fluid. AFP-producing gastric cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Líquido Ascítico/análise , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análise , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was applied in cellular samples for the detection of chlamydial infection. Urethral scrapings were obtained from 316 males with clinically suspected urethritis. Positive PAP staining was detected in 118 (37%) of 316 tested. Cellular samples from the endocervix of 25 (54%) of 46 female contacts of males with positive Chlamydia-infected cells had positive Chlamydia-PAP staining. Chlamydia was also found in 12 (25%) of 48 male with gonorrhea. Serum IgG antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 29 out of 73 patients had positive Chlamydia serology; of these, 21 were positive for PAP staining, and eight were negative. The determination of Chlamydia antigen by means of the PAP technique appears to be a satisfactory method for detecting Chlamydia in male and female genital specimens; also, the procedure can be done readily in most laboratory settings.
Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Uretrite/diagnóstico , Cervicite Uterina/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antígenos de Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Chlamydia/imunologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Uretrite/imunologia , Cervicite Uterina/imunologiaRESUMO
In corneal scraping smears from 13 patients with clinically suspected herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), HSK is demonstrated by means of peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique with antisera to herpes simplex virus (HSV) in Papanicolaou-destained cellular samples. The staining for HSV antigen was present in seven cases of corneal scraping smears with superficial keratitis (dendritic and geographic ulcers) while six cases of stromal keratitis (deep keratitis) failed to show HSV antigen except in one case. Specific antigen for HSV was predominantly present in the cytoplasm rather than in the nucleus. Immunoreactions were negative with HSV antisera in patients with other infections and in those in a normal control group. Using the PAP technique, detection of HSV antigen in corneal scraping smears was of great value in the diagnosis of HSK, especially in cases of superficial keratitis.
Assuntos
Ceratite Dendrítica/diagnóstico , Citodiagnóstico , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Imunoquímica , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Ceratite Dendrítica/microbiologia , Ceratite Dendrítica/patologia , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
Typical herpes simplex keratitis that developed in a 5-year-old boy was initially diagnosed cytologically in Papanicolaou-stained samples. Subsequently, an immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to identify the specific type of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the destained cellular samples. The positive staining helped to establish the diagnosis of a type 1 HSV infection, permitting early treatment with acyclovir and subsequent complete recovery from the ocular herpetic infection. Emphasis is placed on the value of the immunoperoxidase technique for the rapid and specific diagnosis of cases of suspected HSV infection.
Assuntos
Ceratite Dendrítica/diagnóstico , Antígenos Virais/análise , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Ceratite Dendrítica/microbiologia , Ceratite Dendrítica/patologia , Masculino , Simplexvirus/imunologiaRESUMO
An indirect immunoperoxidase technique to detect Entamoeba histolytica in cell samples from patients suspected to have amebiasis is described. Using a rat antiserum specific for E. histolytica, the organism was clearly identified both in smears and in cell blocks. This immunoperoxidase technique seems to offer great possibilities for a specific, accurate and rapid identification of amebic infestation in diagnostic cytology.
Assuntos
Amebíase/diagnóstico , Idoso , Amebíase/imunologia , Amebíase/parasitologia , Antígenos de Protozoários/análise , Entamoeba histolytica/imunologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
UFT Phase II study was undertaken as a joint research project at 6 institutions on 36 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. Results showed that, in the 25 of 36 cases in whom results and conclusions were feasible, there was an effectiveness of 16% (CR 3 cases, PR 1 case, NC 17 cases, PD 4 cases). Histologically, there was 25% effectiveness with large-cell, non-keratinizing, epidermoid carcinoma, against 16.7% with small-cell type. Considerable effect was noted as to metastasis effect in terms of location: Virchow 50%, and lungs 33.3%. CR effectiveness was noted in one case of local recurrence following irradiation. In 10 (37%) of the 27 evaluable cases some side effects were observed. Virtually all involved the digestive organs, and serious bone-marrow problems, hepatic or renal impairment were not evident. The findings suggested that UFT is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tegafur/uso terapêutico , Uracila/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
The cellular features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of submandibular gland origin observed in pleural fluid are presented. The pleural fluid contained predominantly atypical spheroid cell clusters accompanied by numerous mesothelial cells. The cells had round nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli, coarsely granular chromatin and abundant cytoplasm with vacuoles. The cellular features of the malignant cells in the pleural fluid were correlated with the histology of the parent lesion.