Approaching Gas Phase Electrodeposition: Process and Optimization to Enable the Self-Aligned Growth of 3D Nanobridge-Based Interconnects.

A nanowire bonding process referred to as gas-phase electrodeposition is reported to form nanobridge-based interconnects. The process is able to grow free-standing point-to-point electrical connections using metallic wires. As a demonstration, programmable interconnects and an interdigitated electrode array are shown. The process is more material efficient when compared with conventional vapor deposition since the material is directed to the point of use.

A Near Infrared Light Triggered Hydrogenated Black TiO2 for Cancer Photothermal Therapy.

White TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used for cancer photodynamic therapy based on their ultraviolet light-triggered properties. To date, biomedical applications using white TiO2 NPs have been limited, since ultraviolet light is a well-known mutagen and shallow penetration. This work is the first report about hydrogenated black TiO2 (H-TiO2 ) NPs with near infrared absorption explored as photothermal agent for cancer photothermal therapy to circumvent the obstacle of ultraviolet light excitation. Here, it is shown that photothermal effect of H-TiO2 NPs can be attributed to their dramatically enhanced nonradiative recombination. After polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating, H-TiO2 -PEG NPs exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency of 40.8%, and stable size distribution in serum solution. The toxicity and cancer therapy effect of H-TiO2 -PEG NPs are relative systemically evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The findings herein demonstrate that infrared-irradiated H-TiO2 -PEG NPs exhibit low toxicity, high efficiency as a photothermal agent for cancer therapy, and are promising for further biomedical applications.