Outcome of Surgical Interventions and Deliveries in Patients with Bleeding of Unknown Cause: An Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: The most optimal management for patients with bleeding of unknown cause (BUC) is unknown, as limited data are available. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate management and outcome of surgical procedures and deliveries in patients with BUC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients ≥12 years of age, referred to a tertiary center for a bleeding tendency, were included. Bleeding phenotype was assessed and hemostatic laboratory work-up was performed. Patients were diagnosed with BUC or an established bleeding disorder (BD). Data on bleeding and treatment during surgical procedures and delivery following diagnosis were collected. RESULTS: Of 380 included patients, 228 (60%) were diagnosed with BUC and 152 (40%) with an established BD. In 14/72 (19%) surgical procedures major bleeding occurred and 14/41 (34%) deliveries were complicated by major postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). More specifically, 29/53 (55%) of the BUC patients who underwent surgery received prophylactic treatment to support hemostasis. Despite these precautions, 4/29 (14%) experienced major bleeding. Of BUC patients not treated prophylactically, bleeding occurred in 6/24 (25%). Of pregnant women with BUC, 2/26 (8%) received prophylactic treatment during delivery, one women with and 11 (46%) women without treatment developed major PPH. CONCLUSION: Bleeding complications are frequent in BUC patients, irrespective of pre- or perioperative hemostatic treatment. We recommend a low-threshold approach toward administration of hemostatic treatment in BUC patients, especially during delivery.

Severe postpartum haemorrhage as first presenting symptom of an inherited bleeding disorder.

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the major cause of maternal death worldwide. Haemostatic abnormalities are independently associated with a significantly increased risk for severe PPH. In this study, the value of haemostatic evaluation in women with severe PPH was explored. AIM: To investigate the occurrence of previously unknown inherited bleeding disorders in women with severe PPH. METHODS: Women with severe PPH (blood loss of ≥2000 mL) between 2011 and 2017, referred to the haematology outpatient clinic for haemostatic evaluation, were retrospectively included. A bleeding disorder was diagnosed based on (inter)national guidelines, or when having a clear bleeding phenotype, not fulfilling any diagnostic criteria or laboratory abnormalities, this being classified as Bleeding of Unknown Cause (BUC). Logistic regression was used to model the association between diagnosis and obstetrical causes and risk factors for PPH. RESULTS: In total, 85 women with PPH were included. In 23% (n = 16), a mild bleeding disorder was diagnosed, including low von Willebrand factor (Low VWF 8/16), platelet function disorders (PFD 5/16), BUC (2/16) and von Willebrand disease type 1 (1/16). No significant associations were found between obstetrical causes or risk factors for PPH and the presence of a bleeding disorder. CONCLUSION: In 23% of women with severe PPH, a mild bleeding disorder was diagnosed, independent of obstetrical causes or risk factors for PPH. This implies that severe PPH can be the first clinical symptom of an inherited bleeding disorder. Therefore, to optimize clinical management, haemostatic evaluation after severe PPH is recommended.