The Use of the Over the Scope Clip to Treat Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

The over-the-scope clip is a novel endoscopic tool developed for tissue compression in the gastrointestinal tract. It has already revolutionized the management of acute perforations and leaks. In the past decade, it has also increasingly been used for treatment of severe and/or refractory gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Available studies report high rates of primary hemostasis and rebleeding. This article provides an overview on available literature, potential indications, and technical aspects of hemostasis with over-the-scope clip.

The Use of the Over the Scope Clips Beyond Its Standard Use: A Pictorial Description.

Despite major improvements in endoscopic devices and therapeutic endoscopy, closure of gastrointestinal perforations, dehiscence, and fistulae had remained problematic. However, since the advent of devices such as the over the scope clip and others, endoscopic closure of gastrointestinal defects has become a routine approach. Furthermore, because of its strong apposition force, the over the scope clip may also be used to anchor fully covered self-expanding metal stents. In addition, the over the scope clip is an effective rescue therapy for various types of gastrointestinal bleeding pathologies. It is frequently used as an additional tool in complex gastrointestinal leak cases requiring internal and external drains.

Uncertainty analysis of a dynamic vapor sorption-fast gas chromatography-flame ionization detection method for the rapid analysis of volatile release from glassy matrices.

Uncertainty analysis was conducted with a dynamic vapor sorption-fast gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (DVS-fast GC-FID) method, developed to rapidly analyze the extent of volatile release that occurs from carbohydrate glasses due to humidification and temperature increases. Triplicate samples progressed through a two-step special automatic operation method in the DVS. Samples were exposed to relative humidities ranging from 40 to 90% (in 10% increments) at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C. Uncertainty analysis shows that the DVS-fast GC-FID method uncertainty is smaller than the natural sample uncertainty, indicating that the variability in a sample's physical properties has a dominant impact on the overall uncertainty of the volatile retention results obtained using the DVS-fast GC-FID method. Uncertainty analysis also indicates that the variance associated with the mass of benzaldehyde measured by the DVS-fast GC-FID is the largest contributor to the overall benzaldehyde retention variance when the cumulative mass of benzaldehyde measured is small.