Short Breastfeeding Duration is Associated With Premature Onset of Female Breast Cancer.

Currently, there is controversy concerning potential factors that contribute to the development of breast cancer. Our study analyzed the possible association between weight status, cigarette consumption, lactation period, serum estrogen levels, family history of breast cancer, and age at breast cancer diagnosis. We conducted a retrospective study at a University Hospital in Granada (Spain) by consulting the medical records of 524 women aged 19 to 91 years, all of them diagnosed and treated for breast cancer from 2011 to 2019. Our findings indicated that in non-morbidly obese females who were also non-smokers, a maternal lactation period of more than 3 months (p = .013) and the absence of family antecedents of cancer (p = .025) were statistically significant factors that led to a more advanced age at breast cancer diagnosis. Thus, maternal lactation seems to have a potential protective effect on breast cancer.

Oleanolic Acid-Enriched Olive Oil Alleviates the Interleukin-6 Overproduction Induced by Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in THP-1 Macrophages.

Oleanolic acid (OA), a triterpene that is highly present in olive leaves, has been proposed as a component of functional foods for the prevention of metabolic syndrome, due to its anti-inflammatory activity. We analyzed the effects of OA on inflammatory parameters and signaling proteins in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Thus, THP-1 macrophages were incubated with LPS for 48 h after pretreatment with OA at different concentrations. Pretreatment with OA was significantly effective in attenuating IL-6 and TNF-α overproduction induced by LPS in macrophages, and also improved the levels of AMPK-α. We also evaluated the effects of human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) derived from individuals consuming an OA-enriched functional olive oil. For this purpose, TRLs were isolated from healthy adolescents before, 2 and 5 h postprandially after the intake of a meal containing the functional olive oil or common olive oil, and were incubated with THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 macrophages incubated with TRLs isolated at 2 h after the consumption of the OA-enriched olive oil showed significant lower levels of IL-6 compared to the TRLs derived from olive oil. Our results suggest that OA might have potential to be used as a lipid-based formulation in functional olive oils to prevent inflammatory processes underlying metabolic syndrome in adolescents.

Quality of Life After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Coronary heart disease is a public health problem and is one of the leading causes of loss of quality of life, disability, and death worldwide. The main procedure these patients undergo is cardiac catheterisation, which helps improve their quality of life, symptoms of myocardial ischemia, and ventricular function, thus helping increase the survival rate of sufferers. It can also, however, lead to physical consequences, including kidney failure, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke. The objective of this study was to analyse how coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) influences quality of life. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Cuiden databases in June 2020. A total of 7537 subjects were included, 16 in the systematic review and 3 in the meta-analysis. The studies analysing quality of life using the SF questionnaire showed improvements in the quality of physical and mental appearance, and those using the NHP questionnaire showed score improvements and, in some cases, differences in quality of life between women and men. This operation seems to be a good choice for improving the quality of life of people with coronary pathologies, once the possible existing risks have been assessed.

Prevalence of Depression in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) might adversely affect the health status of the patients, producing cognitive deterioration, with depression being the most common symptom. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence of depression in patients before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out, involving a study of the past 10 years of the following databases: CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science. The total sample comprised n = 16,501 patients. The total number of items was n = 65, with n = 29 included in the meta-analysis. Based on the different measurement tools used, the prevalence of depression pre-CABG ranges from 19-37%, and post-CABG from 15-33%. There is a considerable presence of depression in this type of patient, but this varies according to the measurement tool used and the quality of the study. Systematically detecting depression prior to cardiac surgery could identify patients at potential risk.

Prior percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with low health-related quality of life after coronary artery bypass graft.

The success of a coronary artery bypass graft surgery has been shown to be related to health-related quality of life, and being able to predict this is extremely useful. We investigate the associations between health-related quality of life and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and examine the impact of prior percutaneous coronary interventions on health-related quality of life in Palestinian patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft for the first time. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 119 Palestinian patients. The Short Form-36 Health Survey was applied 1 year after the coronary artery bypass graft surgery. An analysis of variance shows that as age increases, health-related quality of life decreases. In contrast, the higher the level of education, job security, and salary, the higher the health-related quality of life. Patients who had undergone prior percutaneous endovascular interventions had a worse health-related quality of life than those who had not. In conclusion, a history of prior percutaneous endovascular interventions in addition to sociodemographic factors should be considered by nursing staff so that they can deliver high-quality patient care.

Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores Are Associated with Pressure Pain Hypersensitivity in Women with Fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: Pain hypersensitivity has been described as one of the most disabling symptoms of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Here we analyzed the relationship between an anti-inflammatory diet profile and the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of tender point sites and other fibromyalgia-related symptoms in patients with FMS. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 95 women diagnosed with FMS and 98 menopause-status matched controls. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was calculated by conducting a 24-hour diet recall interview. The PPTs of tender point sites and self-reported global pain levels were evaluated by algometry and the visual analog scale, respectively. Disease severity, fatigue, sleep anxiety, and central sensitization were also evaluated. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis revealed that the PPTs of tender point sites including the occiput (ß = 0.234, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.016-0.452, P = 0.036), trapezius (ß = 0.299, 95% CI = 0.083-0.515, P = 0.007), zygapophyseal joint (ß = 0.291, 95% CI = 0.022-0.559, P = 0.035), second rib (ß = 0.204, 95% CI = 0.060-0.348, P = 0.006), gluteus (ß = 0.591, 95% CI = 0.110-1.072, P = 0.017), greater trochanter (ß = 0.379, 95% CI = 0.016-0.742, P = 0.041), and knee (ß = 0.482, 95% CI = 0.117-0.850, P = 0.011) were associated with DII score after adjustments for the age, menopausal status, and global energy levels reported by the patients with FMS. No significant differences were found for the cases or controls between the DII score and the remaining clinical symptoms. Analyses of covariance showed that the PPTs of the aforementioned tender point sites were also significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the DII score quartiles in patients with FMS, but no significant differences were found between these quartiles and the other clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with pain hypersensitivity in patients with FMS.

Unhealthy Lifestyle and Nutritional Habits Are Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases Regardless of Professed Religion in University Students.

To date, few studies have evaluated the possible association between religion and nutritional habits, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk in the university population. This study identified differences in the eating habits of Christian and Muslim university students and determined a possible association between the impact of religion on their lifestyles and the parameters related to cardiovascular risk. A cross-sectional study was performed with a sample population of 257 students (22.4 ± 4.76 year) at the campus of the University of Granada in Melilla (Spain). An anthropometric evaluation and a dietary assessment were performed. Blood pressure was also measured. There was a higher prevalence of overweight (29.1%) among Christian university students. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was similar between Christians and Muslims (48.3%) but was higher among Christian males (74.5%). Christian students presented higher levels of visceral fat. Students of both religions ingested carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids and total cholesterol, proteins, sodium and alcohol in excess. Significant positive correlations were found between food energy, sweets, snacks, soft drinks and body mass index (BMI) in both sexes and between the consumption of sausages-fatty meats and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and body adiposity index (BAI) variables. Muslim students were less likely to consume alcohol (odds ratio [OR] = 7.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.27, 14.54). Christian and Muslim students presented improvable lifestyles and intake patterns. The high intake of saturated fatty acids, total cholesterol, sodium and alcohol in Christian students could lead to the early development of cardiovascular disease.

Estrogen Receptor 1 ( ESR1) Gene Polymorphisms and Obesity Phenotypes in a Population of Young Adults.

Obesity is considered an increasingly serious health problem determined by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Estrogens have been found to play a major role in body weight and adiposity regulation through estrogen receptor 1 ( ESR1). The aim of this study was to determine whether genotype and haplotype frequencies of ESR1 polymorphisms are associated with body composition measures in a population of 572 young adults. A lack of significant association between genotypes of ESR1 gene polymorphisms and obesity phenotypes was seen after adjustment for confounding factors. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis identified a single LD block for the ESR1 gene including PvuII and XbaI single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (pairwise r2 = .66). None of the haplotypes identified revealed statistically significant associations with any of the obesity phenotypes. Our results suggest that polymorphisms of the ESR1 gene do not contribute significantly to the genetic risk for obesity phenotypes in a population of young Caucasian adults.

Analysis of SNP-SNP interactions and bone quantitative ultrasound parameter in early adulthood.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis individual susceptibility is determined by the interaction of multiple genetic variants and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to conduct SNP-SNP interaction analyses in candidate genes influencing heel quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameter in early adulthood to identify novel insights into the mechanism of disease. METHODS: The study population included 575 healthy subjects (mean age 20.41; SD 2.36). To assess bone mass QUS was performed to determine Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz). A total of 32 SNPs mapping to loci that have been characterized as genetic markers for QUS and/or BMD parameters were selected as genetic markers in this study. The association of all possible SNP pairs with QUS was assessed by linear regression and a SNP-SNP interaction was defined as a significant departure from additive effects. RESULTS: The pairwise SNP-SNP analysis showed multiple interactions. The interaction comprising SNPs rs9340799 and rs3736228 that map in the ESR1 and LRP5 genes respectively, revealed the lowest p value after adjusting for confounding factors (p-value = 0.001, ß (95% CI) = 14.289 (5.548, 23.029). In addition, our model reported others such as TMEM135-WNT16 (p = 0.007, ß(95%CI) = 9.101 (2.498, 15.704), ESR1-DKK1 (p = 0.012, ß(95%CI) = 13.641 (2.959, 24.322) or OPG-LRP5 (p = 0.012, ß(95%CI) = 8.724 (1.936, 15.512). However, none of the detected interactions remain significant considering the Bonferroni significance threshold for multiple testing (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our analysis of SNP-SNP interaction in candidate genes of QUS in Caucasian young adults reveal several interactions, especially between ESR1 and LRP5 genes, that did not reach statistical significance. Although our results do not support a relevant genetic contribution of SNP-SNP epistatic interactions to QUS in young adults, further studies in larger independent populations would be necessary to support these preliminary findings.

Waist circumference shows the highest predictive value for metabolic syndrome, and waist-to-hip ratio for its components, in Spanish adolescents.

Both waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) have been proposed as predictors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents, but no consensus has been reached to date. This study hypothesizes that WC provides a greater predictive value for MetS in Spanish adolescents than WHR. A cross-sectional study was performed on 1001 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from schools in southeast Spain. Anthropometric measures were correlated with the components of MetS (triglycerides, glucose, blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) as well as inflammation markers (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha , C-reactive protein, and ceruloplasmin). Receiver-operator curves were created to determine the predictive value of these variables for MetS. Boys had higher values of all anthropometric parameters compared with girls, but the prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in girls. WHR was the only parameter that correlated significantly with all biochemical and inflammatory variables in boys. In girls, WHR, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, WC, and body fat percentage correlated only with plasma insulin levels, systolic and diastolic pressures, and ceruloplasmin. In both groups, all anthropometric measures were able to predict MetS (area under the curve > 0.94). In particular, WC was able to predict MetS with area under the curve = 1.00. However, WHR was able to predict a higher number of components of MetS. WHR was the anthropometric index that showed the highest predictive value for MetS components, whereas WC was the one that best predicted the MetS among the population of adolescents studied. These findings justify the need to incorporate WHR and WC determinations into daily clinical practice to predict the MetS.

Dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs) is associated with bone mass assessed by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound in young women

INTRODUCTION: Evidence suggests that intake of antioxidants could positively influence bone mass by preventing bone metabolism against oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the possible influence of single antioxidant intakes and dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs) on calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in a population of young adults. METHODS: A total of 605 young Spanish adults participated in this study (median age 20.38 ± 2.67). Bone mass was measured by calcaneal QUS to determine broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz) parameter. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dietary intakes were determined using a 72-hour diet recall interview. DAQs was applied to calculate antioxidant nutrients intake. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the possible influence of DAQs on calcaneal QUS. RESULTS: Most of young adults showed a low-quality antioxidant intake (only 17.6% of women and 20.3% of men had a score of 4 or 5 in DAQs). A positive correlation between DAQs and BUA was observed in women (r = 0.117; p = 0.024). Linear regression analysis revealed that DAQs was significantly associated with BUA parameter in women after adjusting by body weight, height, calcium intake and physical activity (PA) (p = 0.035). No significant associations between single antioxidant and calcaneus QUS measurement were found. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that high-quality antioxidant intakes could influence bone health in young women. Future studies should further investigate the protective role of antioxidant nutrients against osteoporosis.

Association study of estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with bone mass assessed by quantitative ultrasound in young adults.

Different genetic variants in estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) have been shown to influence bone phenotypes including quantitative bone ultrasound in elderly. We aimed to investigate the role of ESR1 polymorphisms in bone mass assessed by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in a population of young adults. The study sample consisted of 466 healthy individuals of Caucasian ancestry (315 females and 152 males) aged 18 and 25 years (median age 20.39 ± 2.70). Six ESR1 polymorphisms (rs302033, rs2982552, rs2982575, rs2504063, rs2234693-PvuII and rs9340799-XbaI) were selected as genetic markers and genotyped. Bone mass in the right calcaneus was estimated with QUS. In the unadjusted analysis, rs2982575 polymorphism was significantly associated with quantitative ultrasound parameter in the whole sample (p = 0.014, ß (95% CI) = -0.114 (-1.023, -0.115). However, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors, this association did not remain significant. For the rest of the selected polymorphisms in ESR1, no significant association was observed with calcaneal parameter. Linkage disequilibrium analysis identified a single LD block for the ESR1 gene including PvuII and XbaI SNPs (pair-wise r 2 = 0.66). Our results revealed a lack of significant association between ESR1 polymorphisms and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound in a cohort of young adults suggesting that ESR1 gene do not play a major role in the acquisition of bone mass during early adulthood.

Association of Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration With Systemic Inflammation Markers in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding duration has been associated with less low-grade inflammation in healthy adolescents, but there is scarce information regarding obese subjects. This study aimed to evaluate whether exclusive breastfeeding is related to serum concentrations of inflammatory markers in a population of Spanish adolescents. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed on 1,001 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from schools in southeast Spain. Data on breastfeeding duration were collected via a parental questionnaire. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined by solid-phase chemiluminescent immunometric assay. RESULTS: Nonadjusted and adjusted multivariate correlation analyses confirmed a strong association ( p < .001, 95% confidence interval) between the three markers of inflammation and exclusive breastfeeding duration. No significant differences were observed for IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP serum concentrations among normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents, except for IL-6 between normal weight and obese subjects. Likewise, no significant association was found between these markers of inflammation and body mass index (BMI) z-score. CONCLUSIONS: We found a possible association between inflammatory markers and exclusive breastfeeding duration in adolescents, regardless of their BMI. This finding suggests that increased body weight or obesity might not mediate the association between breastfeeding and inflammation. These results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between breastfeeding and inflammatory markers in adolescents.

RANKL/RANK/OPG Polymorphisms and Heel Quantitative Ultrasound in Young Adults.

BACKGROUND: The receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), and the osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling pathway play an important role in the regulation of bone remodeling and osteoclast differentiation. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a relatively recent and noninvasive method providing structural information on microstructure, bone elasticity, and connectivity. However, in contrast to bone mineral density measurements, the possible association of the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway with heel QUS has not been analyzed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the contribution of the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway genes in the genetic background of heel QUS parameters. METHODS: Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of RANKL (rs9594759, rs12585014, rs7988338, rs2148073), RANK (rs1805034, rs12458117, rs3018362), and OPG (rs4355801, rs3102735, rs2073618) were selected as genetic markers and genotyped using Open Array technology in 575 self-reported Caucasian individuals aged 18-25. Bone mass in the right calcaneus was estimated with QUS to obtain the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) measurement (dB/MHz). Linear regression analyses were performed to test the possible association between the SNPs and BUA. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis of all the tested SNPs revealed no significant association with the BUA parameter after adjusting for age, gender, weight, height, physical activity, and calcium intake. The lowest p-value was observed for the rs9594759 RANKL polymorphism and heel QUS (p = .06; b* = -.075, 95% CI [-0.960, 0.028]). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the polymorphism of the RANKL, RANK, and OPG genes does not make a significant genetic contribution to heel ultrasound measurements in a population of young Caucasian adults. Further studies replicating the results in independent populations are needed to support these initial findings.

Associations between body composition, nutrition, and physical activity in young adults.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to investigate the associations between total energy, macronutrient intakes, and physical activity (PA) and body composition by assessing body fat mass, fat-free mass, and BMI in a population of young adults. METHODS: The study population consisted of 605 young Spanish adults (median age 20.38 ± 2.67). Body composition, including fat mass and fat-free mass, was calculated with body composition analyzer. Daily energy and macronutrient intakes were measured using a 72-h recall method. The International PA Questionnaire was used to assess PA and sedentary time. Linear regression analyses were performed to test the possible associations between nutrition, PA factors, and body composition. RESULTS: Linear regression analyses revealed that BMI has a significant positive association with protein intake (P = .004, B = 0.088, 95% CI 0.028-0.149) and an inverse association with carbohydrate intake (P = 0.034, B = -0.027, 95% CI -0.053 - -0.002). Protein intake also demonstrated a significant association with fat-free mass, but the size of the effect was smaller (P = .027, B = 96.965, 95% CI 11.250-182.679). There was evidence of a positive association between total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (P < .001, B = 15.630, 95% CI 6.989 -24.270) and fat-free mass (P < .001, B = 20.208, 95% CI 9.694 -30.723). When fat mass was used as the outcome variable, there was no evidence of any association with the PA, total energy, and macronutrient intakes variables analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that PA variables were consistently associated with body composition, specifically fat-free mass. Dietary factors also have influence over body composition; we showed that protein intake is significantly associated with fat-free mass and BMI.

Predictive value of ceruloplasmin for metabolic syndrome in adolescents.

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is precisely defined and the cardiovascular risk associated with the clustering of its components has been demonstrated in adults. However, data on children and adolescents are still scarce, in part, because of difficulties in transposing the definition from adults. The identification of risk factors for the development of MetS at an early age is essential for prevention purposes with low-grade inflammation acting as a determinant for the association among the MetS components. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of the MetS with systemic markers of inflammation and ceruloplasmin in a population of adolescents. The present is a cross-sectional study whose sample population consisted of 976 adolescents, 13.2 ± 1.2 years of age. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by ELISA. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was determined by a solid-phase chemiluminiscent immunometric assay. Ceruloplasmin was measured by immunoturbidimetry. MetS adolescents exhibited higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, and ceruloplasmin compared to non-MetS individuals. TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP showed strong correlations with the MetS components and insulin resistance but not relevant predictive values according to ROC curves (AUC values 0.544- 0.555). In contrast, ceruloplasmin only showed significant correlations in non-Mets individuals, but exhibited a very high predictive value (AUC=0.941, P < 0.001). The determination of serum ceruloplasmin in adolescents might be a useful tool to identify patients with the highest risk of future cardiovascular disease.

Percentiles de grasa corporal por bioimpedancia eléctrica en niños y adolescentes de Bogotá, Colombia: estudio FUPRECOL / Percentiles of body fat measured by bioelectrical impedance in children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia: The FUPRECOL Study

Objetivo. El análisis de la composición corporal constituye una parte fundamental en la evaluación del estado nutricional. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer percentiles de grasa corporal por bioimpedancia eléctrica en niños y adolescentes de Bogotá, Colombia, pertenecientes al estudio FUPRECOL (Asociación de la Fuerza Prensil con Manifestaciones Tempranas de Riesgo Cardiovascular en Niños y Adolescentes Colombianos). Métodos. Estudio transversal, realizado en 5850 escolares de entre 9 y 17,9 años de edad, de Bogotá, Colombia. El porcentaje de grasa corporal fue medido con bioimpedancia eléctrica pie-pie (Tanita®, BF-689), según edad y sexo. Se tomaron medidas de peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, circunferencia de cadera y estadio de maduración sexual por autorreporte. Se calcularon percentiles (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90 y P97) y curvas centiles por el método LMS (L #91;curva Box-Cox#93;, M #91;curva mediana#93; y S #91;curva coeficiente de variación#93;), por sexo y edad. Resultados. Se incluyeron 2526 niños y 3324 adolescentes. Se determinaron los porcentajes de grasa corporal y las curvas de centiles por edad y sexo. En la mayoría de los grupos etarios, los valores de las mujeres fueron mayores que los de los varones. Se consideró que los participantes con valores por encima del P90 tenían un elevado riesgo cardiovascular por exceso de grasa (varones > 23,4-28,3 y mujeres > 31,0-34,1). Conclusiones. Se presentan percentiles del porcentaje de grasa corporal por bioimpedancia eléctrica según edad y sexo, que podrán ser usados como referencia en la evaluación del estado nutricional y en la predicción del riesgo cardiovascular por exceso de adiposidades en edades tempranas.

Objective. The analysis of body composition is a fundamental part of nutritional status assessment. The objective of this study was to establish body fat percentiles by bioelectrical impedance in children and adolescents from Bogotá (Colombia) who were part of the FUPRECOL study (Asociación de la Fuerza Prensil con Manifestaciones Tempranas de Riesgo Cardiovascular en Niños y Adolescentes Colombianos- Association between prehensile force and early signs of cardiovascular risk in Colombian children and adolescents).Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 5850 students aged 9-17.9 years old from Bogotá (Colombia). Body fat percentage was measured using foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance (Tanita®, BF-689), by age and gender. Weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, and sexual maturity was self-staged. Percentiles (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90 and P97) and centile curves were estimated using the LMS method (L [Box-Cox curve], M [median curve] and S [variation coefficient curve]), by age and gender.Results. Subjects included were 2526 children and 3324 adolescents. Body fat percentages and centile curves by age and gender were established. For most age groups, values resulted higher among girls than boys. Participants with values above P90 were considered to have a high cardiovascular risk due to excess fat (boys > 23.4-28.3, girls > 31.0-34.1).Conclusions. Body fat percentage percentiles measured using bioelectrical impedance by age and gender are presented here and may be used as reference to assess nutritional status and to predict cardiovascular risk due to excess fat at an early age.

A randomized controlled trial of the effect of a photographic display with and without music on pre-operative anxiety.

AIMS: To determine the effectiveness of photographic display at reducing pre-operative anxiety in an ear, nose and throat surgery unit; alone and in combination with music. BACKGROUND: The waiting time prior to the surgery is often unpleasant and a time of anxiety for patients. Anxiety can affect physical recovery and psychological well-being; lengthening convalescence and hospital stay after the surgery. Improving pre-operative anxiety is a challenge with potential impacts on improving patients' satisfaction and well-being and decreasing the cost of care. DESIGN: A clinical trial was conducted with two intervention groups and one control group. METHODS: The sample consisted of 180 subjects from the otolaryngology major ambulatory surgery unit in a tertiary hospital in the province of Granada, with 60 subjects per group. The outcome variables measured were state anxiety, heart and respiratory rate and blood pressure. The data were collected from May-December 2013. RESULTS: After the intervention, in the comparison between control group and photographic display group, all variables had lower means in the intervention group, although a significant P value was only obtained for respiratory rate using one-way anova test. When comparing control group and photographic display combined with music group, using one-way anova test, all mean values were lower in the intervention group and a significant P value were observed for all variables except diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Photographic display in combination with music is more effective at reducing pre-operative anxiety than the standard intervention and photographic display alone.

[Life style and monitoring of the dietary intake of students at the Melilla campus of the University of Granada]. / ESTILO DE VIDA Y SEGUIMIENTO DE LA INGESTA DIETÉTICA EN ESTUDIANTES DEL CAMPUS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA EN MELILLA.

INTRODUCTION: University students represent a social group at risk, from the nutrionally point of view because they usually have inappropiate nutritional habits and lifestyle. OBJECTIVE: Analize the students' lifestyle from the Campus of University of Granada in Melilla. Analize the evolution of the eating habits of these students during the academic year 2013-2014. METHODS: A longitudinal study was carried out during the academic year 2013-2014, the lifestyle was evaluated and, in a ongoing way, the eating habits in a representative sample of 257 students, 90 men (35%) and 167 women (65%), all of them from the campus of University of Granada in Melilla. RESULTS: The results get worst as the academic year progresses and they are characterized by a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of carbohydrates intake as well as a significant increase (p < 0.001) of the lipido and proteína intake, especially, rich in saturated fat and a low-fiber diet. CONCLUSIONS: The population studied shows a sedentary lifestyle. As the academic year progresses, the students' eating habits get worst distance from the Mediterranian Diet pattern with the consequent risk at the development of cardiovascular diseases and metabolism disorder. So, it is necesary to get into these results in order to identify the influential factors in their eating habits and take the appropiate actions.

Introducción: los estudiantes universitarios representan un colectivo social en riesgo desde el punto de vista nutricional, ya que a menudo mantienen estilos de vida y hábitos nutricionales inapropiados. Objetivos: analizar el estilo de vida de los alumnos del Campus de la Universidad de Granada en Melilla. Analizar la evolución de los hábitos alimentarios de los estudiantes del campus durante el curso académico 2013-2014. Material y método: se realizó un estudio longitudinal durante el curso académico 2013-2014 en el cual, a su inicio, se evaluó el estilo de vida y, de forma continuada los hábitos nutricionales de un grupo representativo de 257 estudiantes, 90 chicos (35%) y 167 chicas (65%), todos ellos del campus de la Universidad de Granada en la Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla (norte de África). Resultados: los hábitos nutricionales empeoran a medida que avanza el curso académico, caracterizándose por una reducción significativa (p < 0.001) en la ingesta de carbohidratos, así como por una elevación significativa (p < 0.001) en la ingesta proteica y lipídica, siendo especialmente rica en grasas saturadas y baja en fibra. Conclusiones: la población estudiada posee un estilo de vida eminentemente sedentario. A medida que avanza el curso académico, los hábitos nutricionales de los estudiantes empeoran, alejándose del patrón de alimentación mediterráneo con el consiguiente riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares. De estos resultados se desprende la necesidad de continuar profundizando a fin de identificar los factores que influyen en sus hábitos nutricionales y establecer las medidas correctoras oportunas.