eHealth Literacy in German Skin Cancer Patients.

The global incidence of skin cancer has steadily increased in recent years, and malignant melanoma still has one of the fastest-growing incidence rates among all malignant tumors in the western world. Thus, newly diagnosed patients have an increased need for health information concerning their disease. Using a standardized questionnaire, our study aims to investigate our patients' primary sources of health-related information as well as their self-proclaimed eHealth literacy. We received 714 questionnaires. Regardless of age, the primary source of information was the treating dermato-oncologist, followed by the treating general practitioner and the Internet. However, with increasing age, the usage of the Internet decreased. Hence, younger participants were better equipped to find health-related information while using the Internet. Additionally, comprehending health-related information and gaining medical knowledge was significantly increased in better-educated participants. Overall, our study shows that with increased use of eHealth services, accessing web-based information increased, correlating with a better eHealth literacy of our patients. eHealth technologies are increasingly becoming more prevalent as a primary source of information in our modern health care system. Thus, it is crucial to educate cancer patients in eHealth literacy to make autonomous, informed decisions and gain more confidence in dealing with their disease.

Alteration in glucose metabolism in the brain associated with tamoxifen treatment: Study in postmenopausal animal model.

Tamoxifen is an effective breast cancer therapy in postmenopausal women. However, it can induce hyperglycemia through different mechanisms, such as the impairment of mitochondrial metabolism. Quercetin, a flavonoid with antioxidant potential, has beneficial effects on tamoxifen-induced adverse effects. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) investigate glucose concentration in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebellum, cortex, and hippocampus of tamoxifen-treated ovariectomized female rats, non-treated and treated with quercetin; and (2) establish the metabolic profile of these regions. For that purpose, ovariectomized female rats were divided into four groups: canola oil 1 mL/kg (CONT); tamoxifen 5 mg/kg (TAM); quercetin 22.5 mg/kg (QUER); and tamoxifen 5 mg/kg + quercetin 22.5 mg/kg (TAM + Q); and were treated for 14 days orally. Subsequently, glucose levels were measured in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebellum, cortex, and hippocampus. Pyruvate and lactate concentrations were analyzed in the three brain regions. Tamoxifen-induced hyperglycemia significantly increased glucose concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, cortex, and hippocampus, as well as lactate production in the hippocampus. Quercetin significantly prevented the tamoxifen-induced increase in glucose concentrations in all analyzed samples. Besides, quercetin decreased cortical pyruvate production. The copper content decreased only in the hippocampus of group TAM + Q animals. In addition, it is important to highlight that this study also observed that fourteen days of tamoxifen treatment strongly affects brain glucose metabolism, potentially disrupting normal brain functions. Therefore, this drug might represent a risk factor for postmenopausal women undergoing chemoprevention. Meanwhile, quercetin represents a potential intervention to promote metabolic regulation of glucose in tamoxifen-treated women.

Morality is relative: Anger, disgust, and aggression as contingent responses to sibling versus acquaintance harm.

Angry reactions to moral violations should be heightened when wrongs befall oneself in comparison with when wrongs befall acquaintances, as prior research by Molho, Tybur, Güler, Balliet, and Hofmann (2017) demonstrates, because aggressive confrontation is inherently risky and therefore only incentivized by natural selection to curtail significant fitness costs. Here, in 3 preregistered studies, we extend this sociofunctional perspective to cases of wrongs inflicted on siblings. We observed equivalently heightened anger in response to transgressions against either oneself or one's sibling relative to transgressions against acquaintances across studies, whereas transgressions against acquaintances evoked greater disgust and/or fear (both associated with social avoidance) in 2 of the 3 studies. Studies 2 and 3, which incorporated measures of tendencies to confront the transgressor, confirmed that the elevated anger elicited by self or sibling harm partially mediated heightened inclinations toward direct aggression. Finally, in Study 3 we compared tendencies to experience anger and to directly aggress on behalf of siblings and close friends. Despite reporting greater affiliative closeness for friends than for siblings, harm to friends failed to evoke heightened anger relative to acquaintance harm, and participants were inclined to directly aggress against those who had harmed their sibling to a significantly greater extent than when the harm befell their friend. These overall results broadly replicate Molho et al.'s (2017) findings and theoretically extend the sociofunctionalist account of moral emotions to kinship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Avaliação comportamental de ratos treinados em natação forçada / Behavioral assessment of rats through the forced-swimming test

Objetivos: O exercício físico regular tem diversos efeitos benéficos, contudo, há relatos de aumento na concentração de corticosteroides endógenos, os quais podem inibir a neurogênese e piorar as funções cognitivas, sendo este um aspecto dúbio do exercício físico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de testes comportamentais, o efeito do exercício crônico por natação forçada com e sem sobrecarga, sobre parâmetros de ansiedade em ratos Wistar.Métodos: Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar, separados em três grupos: Grupo Controle - submetido apenas a avaliações e contato com a água; Grupo Natação - composto por animais submetidos à natação com tempo progressivo; Grupo Natação com Sobrecarga - composto por animais submetidos à natação com sobrecarga de 10% do peso corporal. O exercício ocorreu três vezes por semana, no período vespertino, com aumento no tempo a cada duas semanas (20, 30 e 40 minutos), totalizando seis semanas. Foi realizado em um tanque de água circular de 200 litros, com profundidade de 50 cm e temperatura da água mantida entre 30 e 32º C. A ansiedade dos animais foi avaliada pelos testes Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Campo Aberto.Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas em qualquer dos testes comportamentais, comparando os três grupos.Conclusões: Não houve alteração no padrão comportamental de ratos Wistar submetidos a diferentes protocolos de exercício (natação forçada com e sem sobrecarga) quando comparados ao grupo controle não submetido a exercícios.

Aims: Regular exercise has several beneficial effects. However, reports show increasing concentrations of endogenous corticosteroids, which may inhibit neurogenesis and deteriorate cognitive functions, thus raising doubts as to the benefits of physical exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through behavioral tests, the effect of chronic forced swimming with and without overload on anxiety parameters in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats, divided into three groups, were assessed: Control Group - subjected only to evaluations and contact with water; Swimming Group - consisting of animals submitted to progressive swimming time; Weight-loaded Swimming Group - consisting of animals submitted to swimming with loads in excess of 10% of their body weight. The exercise was performed three times a week in the afternoon, with swimming time increases every two weeks (20, 30, and 40 minutes), during six weeks, A 200-liter circular water tank, filled to a depth of 50 cm, was used, and the water temperature was kept between 30º and 32º C. The animals' anxiety was assessed by the Elevated Plus Maze and Open Field tests. Results: No significant differences between the three groups were detected by any of the behavioral tests.Conclusions: No changes were observed in the behavioral pattern of Wistar rats submitted to different exercise protocols (forced swimming with and without overload) compared to the control group.