Comparative study between fixed-angle and polyaxial screws in distal radius fixation with two volar locking plates.

INTRODUCTION: When treating a distal radius fracture with a volar locking plate (VLP), numerous plate-screw designs are available. To date, there is not a screw fastening system with a clear superiority among the others. HYPOTESIS: Fixed-angle screws are superior to polyaxial screws in distal radius VLP fixation with respect to screw protrusion and reduction preservation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study based on eighty patients was performed. The first forty patients were treated by polyaxial VLP (PA group) were the next forty by a fixed-angle VLP (FA group). Fixation was performed by the flexor carpi radialis approach. Screws were placed 2mm shorter than actual measurement and intraoperative AP, lateral and tilt wrist views were done routinely. A computed tomography (CT) was conducted searching for screw protrusion. Loss of reduction was calculated from the difference between post-operative x-rays values and those at the 6-month follow-up. The total follow-up was 12 months with no losses. RESULTS: Postoperative CT detected dorsal screw protrusion in 17 patients in PA group and 16 patients in FA group that intraoperative radiographs were assumed as correct (p=0.48). The mean invasion of dorsal cortex was of 2.2mm (1-7mm) for PA group and 2.6mm (1-5mm) for FA group (p=0.70). As from those protruding screws, the mean size was registered founding that fixed-angle screws had protrusions with shorter screws 20 vs. 22mm (p<0.05). Intraarticular screw protrusion was registered in 3 and 2 patients respectively (p>1.0). Experienced loss of reduction in volar tilt (p=0.42), radial inclination (p=0.75) and ulnar variance (p=0.83) were equivalent in both groups while a better preservation of the radial height in the PA group was observed (p<0.05). DISCUSSIONS: In terms of screw protrusion rate, both fastening systems where similar. However, fixed-angle group invaded the dorsal cortex with shorter screws. Polyaxial screws were associated with a better preservation of the radial height. Finally, this study reinforces the idea that dorsal and articular screw protrusion is more frequent than we expected. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II; therapeutic, prospective cohort study.

Non-invasive expandable prosthesis in musculoskeletal oncology paediatric patients for the distal and proximal femur. First results.

PURPOSE: The non-invasive expandable prosthesis for skeletally immature patients is used after limb salvage surgery following tumor resection. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of this treatment. METHODS: Seven paediatric patients with femoral tumors had resection and limb salvage with an uncemented non-invasive growing prosthesis. Mean age at the time of surgery was 9.8 (range 8-12) years. There were six distal femur osteosarcomas and one proximal femur Ewing sarcoma. Six total knee prosthesis were implanted at the time of primary tumor resection and one bipolar hip prosthesis was a revision from a failed osteoarticular hip allograft. Functional outcomes and emotional acceptance were assessed using the MSTS score. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 65.3 months (range 29-91) months. Two patients died of pulmonary metastasis and there was no local recurrence. The mean femoral resection was 18 cm (range 17-19) on the knee, and 24 cm on the hip. Mean total expansion was 36.4 mm (range 12.3-63.5). The mean MSTS score after rehabilitation was 26.3 (range 21-29). There was one lengthening device failure, one late infection and one patient who required iliofemoral bypass grafting surgery for a pelvic metastasis. No local recurrence occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The non-invasive expandable prosthesis reduces the final limb-length discrepancy in growing patients with an acceptable function and appears to have an advantage as compared to invasive expandable prostheses which require multiple surgical procedures, but the complications rate is still high.

Tibial tubercle osteotomy in septic revision total knee arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: The incidence of revision knee arthroplasty for infection is increasing and the required surgical approach for the revision is a challenge for surgeons. Extensile approaches are frequently used when it is impossible to evert the extensor mechanism. The aim of this paper is to report our experience with tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) and the functional results in patients who underwent a two-stage revision due to prosthesis infection. METHODS: Twenty-six patients underwent a TTO as a surgical approach in the second stage of revision for infection. The patients were clinically assessed by means of functional scales (the Knee Society Score and WOMAC) and X-rays. RESULTS: The TTO healed without complications in 22 patients (84.6%) and the average length of follow-up was 3.4 years. Non-union was observed in two patients. One patient presented an extension lag of 5°. A total of 23 patients (88.4%) were free from infection. Twenty-five patients (96.1%) had better scores on the Knee Society Score and WOMAC after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing the second stage of revision total knee arthroplasty for infection, the TTO approach provides a large operating field. This enables surgeons to withdraw spacers and position new implants without damaging the extensor mechanism of the knee or altering the postoperative rehabilitation process. The complications that have been reported as a result of this procedure could be reduced by performing a meticulous surgical technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective case series, Level IV.

Artroplastia total de rodilla: experiencia de una unidad monográfica / Total knee replacement: a monographic unit experience

Introducción: Se presenta la experiencia de la Unidad de Prótesis de Rodilla (UPR) del Hospital Clínico de Barcelona. Pacientes y método: Estudio de casos. La población del estudio fueron los pacientes intervenidos durante los meses de mayo y junio, de los años 2004 y 2010. Las variables consideradas fueron: edad, sexo, permanencia promedio, dolor al alta, flexión al alta, deambulación al alta, comorbilidades y complicaciones durante el ingreso. Se compararon los resultados de ambos períodos. Resultado: En la comparación de los años 2004 y 2010 se observó, en el último período citado, un aumento de los recambios de prótesis. La permanencia promedia se mantuvo en alrededor de 7 días. La media de edad de los pacientes se mantuvo por encima de los 70 años. Hubo un mejor control del dolor, de la flexión y de la deambulación al alta. El de número de complicaciones se redujo y hubo un aumento de las personas con obesidad. Conclusiones: En los próximos años habrá una evolución hacia intervenciones más complejas por recambio de prótesis. Los indicadores de calidad para evaluar el éxito del tratamiento continuarán siendo muy parecidos. Habrá una tendencia a la disminución del tiempo de ingreso debido a cambios en la técnica quirúrgica. Se deberá continuar trabajando para disminuir complicaciones relacionadas con la herida quirúrgica y las infecciones. La obesidad será la comorbilidad más presente.

Health-related quality of life and direct costs in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury: single-bundle versus double-bundle reconstruction in a low-demand cohort--a randomized trial with 2 years of follow-up.

PURPOSE: To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery by use of 2 procedures and to estimate the direct costs of surgery. METHODS: We performed a 2-year randomized, prospective intervention study of 2 surgical ACL reconstruction techniques (anatomic single bundle [SB] v double bundle [DB]). Fifty-five consecutive outpatients, with a mean age of 30.88 years, were randomized to SB or DB ACL reconstruction. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to measure HRQL (primary outcome). ACL injuries were assessed by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score (secondary outcome). The use of medical resources and their costs were evaluated. RESULTS: We included 52 patients in the final analyses (23 in the SB group and 29 in the DB group). At baseline, there were no significant differences in study variables. At 2 years of follow-up, there were no significant differences in SF-36 and IKDC scores between groups. However, compared with baseline, the SF-36 physical function, physical role, bodily pain, social function, and emotional role scores were significantly better in the SB group (P < .05), whereas only the physical function dimension score was better in the DB group (P = .047). IKDC scores at 2 years improved significantly in the SB group (P < .001) and DB group (P = .004) compared with baseline. There was a significant correlation between the SF-36 physical function, physical role, and bodily pain dimensions and the IKDC score at 2 years (P < .05). The costs were € 3,251 for the SB group and € 4,172 for the DB group. CONCLUSIONS: HRQL and medical outcomes were similar between SB and DB ACL reconstruction techniques, 2 years after surgery. However, the SB technique was more cost-effective.

Cortical strut allograft as an adjunct to plate fixation for periprosthetic fractures of the femur.

The use of cortical strut allografts in the treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures remain controversial. Complications such as infection and the potential transmission of disease remain concerns. A retrospective review at a tertiary-care hospital was completed of 21 patients who had sustained a periprosthetic femoral fracture and who were treated using a plate and a deep-frozen cortical strut allograft, between 1996 and 2007. The average age at the time of surgery was 80.3 years old and included 16 women and 5 men. Three patients were lost to follow-up and four died within a few weeks of discharge. The remaining 14 patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically with a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. Fracture union was observed in 13 patients, and integration of the graft occurred in 12 patients. One of the 14 patients developed a deep infection with Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus, with a satisfactory outcome after surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment. There were no cases of fixation failure or plate rupture. At the final evaluation, the mean EQ-5D VAS score was 64 (ranging from 40-90 points) and the mean EQ-5D health state index adapted to Spanish value sets was 0.57. The mean Oxford Hip Score was 31.2. The results support the use of cortical allograft for these fractures to increase the likelihood of fracture healing and to improve the bone stock. We consider that cortical strut grafting is specially indicated for B1 and C fractures in which decreased bone density is present.

Anterior Dislocation of the Hip Associated with an Actebular Fracture: Case Report.

Anterior hip joint dislocation is less common than posterior dislocation. Although fractures of the acetabulum can occur in anterior hip dislocations, they are infrequently. In this article, we report an uncommon lesion in a woman who sustained an anterior dislocation of the hip associated with a fracture of the acetabular wall. Close reduction was performed immediately the initial injury. The patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation since the hip joint was result unstable and the CT scan showed the presence of a bone fragment of the anterior acetabular wall. At 2-year follow-up, the clinical and radiological results are excellent.