RESUMO
In recent years, the engineering of biomimetic cellular microenvironments has emerged as a top priority for regenerative medicine, being the in vitro recreation of the arcade-like cartilaginous tissue one of the most critical challenges due to the notorious absence of cost- and time-efficient microfabrication techniques capable of building 3D fibrous scaffolds with precise anisotropic properties. Taking this into account, we suggest a feasible and accurate methodology that uses a sequential adaptation of an electrospinning-electrospraying set up to construct a hierarchical system comprising both polycaprolactone (PCL) fibres and polyethylene glycol sacrificial microparticles. After porogen leaching, the bi-layered PCL scaffold was capable of presenting not only a depth-dependent fibre orientation similar to natural cartilage, but also mechanical features and porosity proficient to encourage an enhanced cell response. In fact, cell viability studies confirmed the biocompatibility of the scaffold and its ability to guarantee suitable cell adhesion, proliferation and migration throughout the 3D anisotropic fibrous network during 21 days of culture. Additionally, likewise the hierarchical relationship between chondrocytes and their extracellular matrix, the reported PCL scaffold was able to induce depth-dependent cell-material interactions responsible for promoting a spatial modulation of the morphology, alignment and density of the cells in vitro.
Assuntos
Cartilagem/citologia , Engenharia Tecidual , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Animais , Materiais Biomiméticos/síntese química , Materiais Biomiméticos/química , Materiais Biomiméticos/farmacologia , Biomimética , Cartilagem/efeitos dos fármacos , Cartilagem/fisiologia , Bovinos , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Condrócitos/citologia , Condrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Condrócitos/fisiologia , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/síntese química , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Galvanoplastia/métodos , Matriz Extracelular/química , Matriz Extracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Teste de Materiais , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Microtecnologia/métodos , Poliésteres/química , Poliésteres/farmacologia , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacologia , Medicina Regenerativa/instrumentação , Medicina Regenerativa/métodos , Engenharia Tecidual/instrumentação , Engenharia Tecidual/métodosRESUMO
The present work is an amalgamation of computation and experimental approach to gain an insight into composition-structure-bioactivity relationships of alkali-free bioactive glasses in the CaO-MgO-SiO2-P2O5 system. The glasses have been designed in the diopside (CaO·MgO·2SiO2; Di)-tricalcium phosphate (3CaO·P2O5; TCP) binary join by varying the Di/TCP ratio. The melt-quenched glasses have been investigated for their structure by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations as well as by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). In all the investigated glasses silicate and phosphate components are dominated by Q(2) (Si) and Q(0) (P) species, respectively. The apatite forming ability of the glasses was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy after immersion of glass powders in simulated body fluid (SBF) for time durations varying between 1 h and 14 days, while their chemical degradation has been studied in Tris-HCl in accordance with ISO 10993-14. All the investigated glasses showed good bioactivity without any substantial variation. A significant statistical increase in metabolic activity of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) when compared to the control was observed for Di-60 and Di-70 glass compositions under both basal and osteogenic conditions.