The archaeal highly thermostable GH35 family ß-galactosidase DaßGal has a unique seven domain protein fold.

The most extensively studied ß-d-galactosidases (EC3.2.1.23) belonging to four glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 1, 2, 35, and 42 are widely distributed among Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes. Here, we report a novel GH35 family ß-galactosidase from the hyperthermophilic Thermoprotei archaeon Desulfurococcus amylolyticus (DaßGal). Unlike fungal monomeric six-domain ß-galactosidases, the DaßGal enzyme is a dimer; it has an extra jelly roll domain D7 and three composite domains (D4, D5, and D6) that are formed by the distantly located polypeptide chain regions. The enzyme possesses a high specificity for ß-d-galactopyranosides, and its distinguishing feature is the ability to cleave pNP-ß-d-fucopyranoside. DaßGal efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose at high temperatures, remains stable and active at 65 °Ð¡, and retains activity at 95 °Ð¡ with a half-life time value equal to 73 min. These properties make archaeal DaßGal a more attractive candidate for biotechnology than the widely used fungal ß-galactosidases.

Laparoscopic intracorporeal ileal ureter replacement: multi-institutional data from 102 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To present long-term results of our laparoscopic intracorporeal ileal ureter replacement (LIUR) cohort, including more complex cases of laparoscopic ileocalycostomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We collected records of patients undergoing LIUR. Follow-up included a chemical profile and urine cultures. Imaging consisted of renal ultrasonography, excretory urography, cystography, and computer tomographic or magnetic resonance urography. RESULTS: One hundred and two patients were included. Stricture location was left (46.1%), right (39.2%), or bilateral (14.7%). No open conversion was performed. Seventy-four patients (72.5%) underwent a total ureteral unit removal. The mean operative time was 289.4 (120 - 680) minutes. The estimated blood loss was 185.2 (10-400) mL. Three patients had intraoperative complications, and fifteen had early postoperative complications. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 12.2 (7-35) days. The mean follow-up duration period was 37.7 (12-162) months. Most patients' follow-up was uneventful (88%), and seven patients presented with Grade 2 late complications. CONCLUSIONS: Intracorporeal laparoscopic ileal ureteral replacement in cases of extensive ureteral lesions offers optimal long-term outcomes and a low complication rate. Ileocalycostomy constitutes a viable option in the small group of patients with long proximal ureteral strictures and intrarenal pelvis.

Laparoscopic totally intracorporeal ileal ureter replacement: a multi-institutional study.

OBJECTIVE: To prove the feasibility, as well as the reproducibility of laparoscopic totally intracorporeal ileal ureter replacement (LIUR), by presenting a multicenter patient cohort with a long follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Records of patients undergoing different types of ureteral replacements have been collected. Follow-up included a chemical profile and urine cultures. Imaging consisted of renal ultrasonography and excretory urography, as well as a cystography or an isotopic renography when indicated. RESULTS: Forty patients were included in the study. Twelve underwent a right, 20 a left, and eight a bilateral laparoscopic ureteral replacement. The mean procedure time was 335 (150-680) minutes and the mean estimated blood loss was 221 (50-400) mL. Only three patients presented intraoperative complications, which were managed immediately, and three patients presented a Clavien III postoperative complication. Abdominal drains and nephrostomy tubes were removed after 24-36 h and 7-10 days, respectively. The mean hospital stay was 13.5 (10-35) days. Follow-up was at least six months. CONCLUSIONS: LIUR constitutes a feasible and reproducible method for the restoration of long ureteral defects.