Staging of Endometrial Cancer Using Fusion T2-Weighted Images with Diffusion-Weighted Images: A Way to Avoid Gadolinium?

Endometrial cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide, and its prognosis depends on various factors, with myometrial invasion having a major impact on prognosis. Optimizing MRI protocols is essential, and it would be useful to improve the diagnostic accuracy without the need for other sequences. We conducted a retrospective, single-center study, which included a total of 87 patients with surgically confirmed primary endometrial cancer, and who had undergone a pre-operative pelvic MRI. All exams were read by an experienced radiologist dedicated to urogenital radiology, and the depth of myometrial invasion was evaluated using T2-Weighted Images (T2WI) and fused T2WI with Diffusion-Weighted Images (DWI). Both results were compared to histopathological evaluations. When comparing both sets of imaging (T2WI and fused T2WI-DWI images) in diagnosing myometrial invasion, the fused images had better accuracy, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). T2WI analysis correctly diagnosed 82.1% (70.6-88.7) of cases, compared to 92.1% correctly diagnosed cases with fused images (79.5-97.2). The addition of fused images to a standard MRI protocol improves the diagnostic accuracy of myometrial invasion depth, encouraging its use, since it does not require more acquisition time.

State of the art in vulvar cancer imaging.

Vulvar carcinoma is an uncommon tumor that predominantly affects postmenopausal women. Currently, there is no screening procedure for vulvar carcinoma; in most cases, it is diagnosed only when symptoms appear. The most widely used staging system is that developed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor. We searched the PubMed/Medline database to identify relevant English-language articles on vulvar cancer, with a special focus on its imaging evaluation. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful for local and nodal staging, as well as facilitating the planning of surgical interventions and radiotherapy. Computed tomography or positron-emission tomography/computed tomography can play an important role in nodal and distant disease assessment, whereas ultrasound is often used for image-guided biopsies. Imaging is pivotal for staging and treatment planning in vulvar carcinoma.

O carcinoma da vulva é um tumor incomum que afeta predominantemente mulheres em menopausa. Atualmente, não existe um teste de rastreio para o carcinoma da vulva, e a maioria dos casos é diagnosticada com o aparecimento de sintomas. O sistema de estadiamento mais frequentemente utilizado é o da International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. O fator prognóstico mais importante é o estadiamento ganglionar. Neste trabalho foram efetuadas pesquisas na base de dados PubMed/Medline, considerando-se textos pertinentes em língua inglesa sobre carcinoma da vulva, com especial ênfase na avaliação radiológica. A ressonância magnética é útil para a avaliação local e ganglionar e pode ajudar no planejamento cirúrgico e/ou de radioterapia; a tomografia computadorizada ou a tomografia com emissão de pósitrons/tomografia computadorizada pode ser importante na apreciação ganglionar e na doença a distância; e a ultrassonografia é, por vezes, utilizada para orientar procedimentos de intervenção, como a biópsia. A radiologia é fundamental no estadiamento e planejamento do tratamento do carcinoma da vulva.

State of the art in vulvar cancer imaging / Estado da arte na avaliação radiológica do carcinoma da vulva

Abstract Vulvar carcinoma is an uncommon tumor that predominantly affects postmenopausal women. Currently, there is no screening procedure for vulvar carcinoma; in most cases, it is diagnosed only when symptoms appear. The most widely used staging system is that developed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor. We searched the PubMed/Medline database to identify relevant English-language articles on vulvar cancer, with a special focus on its imaging evaluation. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful for local and nodal staging, as well as facilitating the planning of surgical interventions and radiotherapy. Computed tomography or positron-emission tomography/computed tomography can play an important role in nodal and distant disease assessment, whereas ultrasound is often used for image-guided biopsies. Imaging is pivotal for staging and treatment planning in vulvar carcinoma.

Resumo O carcinoma da vulva é um tumor incomum que afeta predominantemente mulheres em menopausa. Atualmente, não existe um teste de rastreio para o carcinoma da vulva, e a maioria dos casos é diagnosticada com o aparecimento de sintomas. O sistema de estadiamento mais frequentemente utilizado é o da International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. O fator prognóstico mais importante é o estadiamento ganglionar. Neste trabalho foram efetuadas pesquisas na base de dados PubMed/Medline, considerando-se textos pertinentes em língua inglesa sobre carcinoma da vulva, com especial ênfase na avaliação radiológica. A ressonância magnética é útil para a avaliação local e ganglionar e pode ajudar no planejamento cirúrgico e/ou de radioterapia; a tomografia computadorizada ou a tomografia com emissão de pósitrons/tomografia computadorizada pode ser importante na apreciação ganglionar e na doença a distância; e a ultrassonografia é, por vezes, utilizada para orientar procedimentos de intervenção, como a biópsia. A radiologia é fundamental no estadiamento e planejamento do tratamento do carcinoma da vulva.

Pelvic tuberculosis: a forgotten diagnosis - case report.

We present a case of a 14-year-old girl, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinated, who presented with vague symptoms of abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue. Imaging studies revealed a pelvic mass, later found to be pelvic tuberculosis, a rare diagnosis to consider at this age. The diagnostic approach was difficult, since all investigations pointed strongly to a malignancy, from clinical, imaging (ultrasound and magnetic resonance), laboratory (elevated CA-125), and even macroscopic findings at laparotomy. Histopathology was the first hint (noncaseous granulomata), but the ultimate documentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis relied on a persistent clinical suspicion, despite contradicting results. Surgical approach could have been mutilating, with irreversible consequences, considering it was a girl with a long reproductive life ahead. Tuberculosis is still a great masquerade, especially the extrapulmonary forms, and although infrequently seen at this age, it should thus be considered in the differential diagnosis of complex pelvic masses in order to avoid surgical iatrogeny/morbidity.