Spanish Intragastric Balloon Consensus Statement (SIBC): practical guidelines based on experience of over 20 000 cases.

BACKGROUND: intragastric balloons (IGBs) are a minimally invasive, increasingly popular option for obesity treatment. However, there is only one worldwide guideline standardizing the technical aspects of the procedure (BIBC, SOARD 2018). OBJECTIVES: to construct a practical guideline for IGB usage by reproducing and expanding the BIBC survey among the Spanish Bariatric Endoscopy Group (GETTEMO). METHODS: a 140-question survey was submitted to all GETTEMO members. Twenty-one Spanish experienced endoscopists in IGBs answered back. Eight topics on patient selection, indications/contraindications, technique, multidisciplinary follow-up, results, safety, and financial/legal aspects were discussed. Consensus was defined as consensus ≥ 70 %. RESULTS: overall data included 20 680 IGBs including 12 different models. Mean age was 42.0 years-old, 79.9 % were women, and the mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 34.05 kg/m². Indication in BMI > 25 kg/m², 10 absolute contraindications, and nutritional and medication measures at follow-up were settled. A mean %TBWL (total body weight loss) of 17.66 % ± 2.5 % was observed. Early removal rate due to intolerance was 3.62 %. Adverse event rate was 0.70 % and 6.37 % for major and minor complications with consensual management. A single case of mortality occurred. IGBs were placed in private health, prior contract, and with full and single payment at the beginning. Seven lawsuits (0.034 %) were received, all ran through civil proceeding, and with favorable final resolution. CONCLUSIONS: this consensus based on more than 20 000 cases represents practical recommendations to perform IGB procedures. This experience shows that the device leads to satisfactory weight loss with a low rate of adverse events. Most results are reproducible compared to those obtained by the BIBC.

Hemorragia digestiva alta secundaria a divertículo duodenal ulcerado / Gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to ulcer in duodenal diverticulosis

Las causas más frecuentes de hemorragia digestiva alta son la úlcera péptica gástrica y duodenal, seguida por las erosiones agudas en mucosa gástrica y en tercer lugar las várices esofagogástricas. La diverticulosis de intestino delgado es una causa muy rara de hemorragia digestiva alta, aunque debe tenerse en cuenta en pacientes con hemorragia digestiva sin causa evidente a nivel esofagogástrico; lo habitual es diagnosticar esta entidad de forma accidental en el curso de estudios endoscópicos, radiológicos o quirúrgicos. La escasa incidencia de complicaciones asociada a la diverticulosis duodenal justifica el mantener una actitud no quirúrgica en principio