Risks of hypertension and thromboembolism in patients receiving bevacizumab with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Guidelines show that for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), a combination of three-drug regimens, fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin and bevacizumab (BVZ), is one of the first-line standard therapies. BVZ is generally well tolerated; however, it is associated with infrequent, life-threatening side effects such as severe hypertension (HTN) (5%-18%), Grade ≥3 arterial thromboembolism (ATE) (2.6%), Grade ≥3 hemorrhagic events (1.2%-4.6%), and gastrointestinal perforation (0.3%-2.4%). This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the additive risk of BVZ-induced severe HTN and thromboembolism when BVZ is combined with a standard chemotherapy regime in patients with mCRC. METHODS: Our search was conducted from January 29, 2022, to February 22, 2022, through databases of PubMed, clinicaltrial.gov, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Data analysis from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical trials was conducted using Review Manager V.5.4, comparing BVZ-chemotherapy to chemotherapy only, focusing on cardiovascular AE such as HTN and arterial and venous thromboembolism. RESULTS: The analysis from 26 clinical trials and RCTs showed that the odds of HTN were about four times higher, and ATE subgroup analysis of 11 studies showed over two times higher odds of ATE in patients being treated with BVZ compared to the chemotherapy-only group. CONCLUSION: BVZ, when added to the standard chemotherapy regimen for mCRC, was associated with higher odds of developing HTN and thromboembolism, specifically ATE, than the chemotherapy-only group. Our findings are significant as they provide vital information in analyzing the risk-benefit ratio of adding BVZ to the standard chemotherapy regime in patients with mCRC, especially in patients with vascular comorbidities.

Venous Thromboembolism in Metastatic Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We report an unusual case of extensive deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in the setting of metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma. Recognition of the associated sequelae of this condition may improve short- and long-term outcomes. A 56-year-old black female with a history of uterine leiomyosarcoma diagnosed incidentally after total abdominal hysterectomy for fibroid uterus without initiation of chemoradiation treatment presented to the emergency department complaining of generalized weakness and progressively worsening stridor for 2 weeks. The patient was experiencing shortness of breath, dysphagia, and hoarseness. Physical exam was remarkable for rhonchi but was otherwise normal. Diagnostic imaging via CT of the abdomen, pelvis, and chest revealed DVTs of the left common and external iliac veins, the superior mesenteric artery, multiple pulmonary emboli of the right pulmonary artery, several nodular lesions within the lungs, and scattered peritoneal necrotic lesions, which were suspicious for metastatic disease. Additionally, CT of the neck showed an exophytic mass protruding into the airway from the subglottic region and thyromegaly with bilateral thyroid lobe nodules. The patient was subsequently started on Eliquis and chemotherapy. The rarity of this case is rooted in the extent of the patient's DVTs and PEs secondary to hypercoagulability in metastatic cancer. This presentation should be further evaluated to exclude thrombophilias or underlying malignancies. Drawing from the lessons of this case will help guide future clinical management regarding the care of metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma.

Safe Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Patient with a Highly Mobile Aortic Valve Mass.

Some cardiac valve masses may have embolic potential with worrisome consequences. We describe the dilemmas of and solutions for a highly mobile papillary fibroelastoma on the aortic valve in a nonsurgical patient undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. It was performed safely. The potential strategies to minimize the risk of embolization are discussed.

Spontaneous left anterior descending coronary artery dissection in a patient with neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Subtypes I and II are the most well recognized, and among these, Type I has associated vasculopathy. Less than 3% of patients have vascular involvement, with the renal artery as the most commonly involved vessel. Dissection and rupture of aneurysms in larger arteries such as the subclavian and the aorta have been previously reported. This is the first reported case of a spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a patient with NF-I. Imperative in the percutaneous treatment of coronary artery dissections is early recognition and proactive decision making. Recognition of a possible association between NF and coronary dissections will further facilitate successful and prompt management of this otherwise rare entity.

Fatal pheochromocytoma crisis precipitated by dobutamine stress echocardiography.

The safety of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) has been demonstrated in multiple studies with a major complication rate of <1%. Specifically, ventricular tachycardia during DSE has a reported incidence of 0.3%, and has been bound to be of no prognostic significance in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease. We report a unique case of fatal pheochromocytoma crisis precipitated by DSE in a patient with heretofore unknown adrenal disease. We are once again reminded that no diagnostic modality is absolutely without risk; however, minimal they might be.