[Effect of iron overload on the level of carbohydrate antigen 199 in type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To investigate the effect of iron overload on tumor marker CA199 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Between January 2017 and June 2018, three hundred and twenty-three hospitalized patients with T2DM in Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital were selected as diabetes group and another 100 healthy persons as control group. All the participants with major diseases and factors affecting serum ferritin and CA199 level were excluded. Serum ferritin and CA199 levels were measured by chemiluminescence assay. Patients with a ferritin level above the normal range were defined as iron overload group. According to serum ferritin level, 178 patients were divided into iron overload group and 145 into normal ferritin group in the diabetes group. The levels of CA199 were compared between iron overload group and normal ferritin group, and the correlation was analyzed. Results: The levels of serum ferritin [407.1 (346.7) µg/L vs 266.6 (201.1) µg/L in males, 184.7 (133.0) µg/L vs 77.4 (64.0) µg/L in females,both P<0.001] and CA199 [18.2 (19.3) µg/L vs 9.3 (9.7) µg/L, P<0.001] in diabetes group were significantly higher than those in control group. Serum CA199 levels in iron overload group were significantly higher than those in normal ferritin group (20.7 µg/L vs 15.0 µg/L, P<0.001; above intermediate value percent:53.9% vs 35.8%,P=0.001). CA199 was positively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r=0.280, P<0.001) and iron overload (r=0.210, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that iron overload (ß'=0.203, P=0.002) and HbA1c (ß(')'=0.202, P=0.001) had a significant effect on CA199 level. Conclusion: In T2DM patients, iron overload is an important factor affecting serum CA199 level.

Procyanidin induces apoptosis and necrosis of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in a mitochondrion-dependent manner.

Our objective was to study the effects of procyanidin on the cell death of human hormone-resistant prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3 and its mechanism. PC-3 cells were treated with procyanidin of different concentrations. The cell apoptosis rates were detected by annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide double staining followed by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim) was analyzed by FCM with rhodamine 123 staining. After 24 hours of treatment with 300 microg/mL procyanidin, the apoptosis rate of PC-3 cells was 44.86%, and Deltapsim was significantly decreased by 87.30%. With the extending of procyanidin treatment, the apoptosis rate decreased whereas the necrosis rate increased. Procyanidin could induce apoptosis and necrosis in PC-3 cells, which might be related to down-regulation of Deltapsim.