Management of mandibular sub condylar and condylar fractures using retromandibular approach and assessment of associated surgical complications.

PURPOSE: To evaluate surgical complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fractures using retromandibular approach in terms of intraoperative and postoperative complications. METHOD: Ten patients with displaced unilateral/bilateral condylar fractures were selected for the study. Intraoperative complications were evaluated in the form of haemorrhage due to damage to retromandibular vein and damage to marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve. Postoperative complications like presence of infection, signs of Frey's syndrome, parotid fistula formation, facial nerve palsy, and discrepancy in occlusion and functions of temporomandibular joint were evaluated at intervals of 24 h, one week, six weeks and three months postoperative. Radiographically, the approximation of fracture fragments, plate fracture and screw loosening on orthopantomograph and Reverse Towne's view were evaluated at intervals of 24 h, six weeks and three months postoperatively. RESULTS: None of the patients suffered from any major complication intra and post operatively. CONCLUSION: Open reduction and internal fixation should be given due consideration in the management of displaced mandibular condylar fractures and is associated with minimal morbidity using retromandibular approach.

Metaphase arrest in the bone marrow cells of Rattus norvegicus by the Beta-exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis.

The beta-exotoxin, thuringiensin A, from Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis has been found to be C-mitotic in the bone marrow cells of Rattus norvegicus. This exotoxin therefore appears to be a potential tool for metaphase arrest in karyological studies. The delta-endotoxin protein has no similar activity.

Cytogenetic hazards from agricultural chemicals. I. A preliminary study on the responses of root meristems to exotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis a constituent of a microbial insecticide, thuricide.

It reported for the first time that the exotoxin, thuringiensin A, from Bacillus thuringiensis, a component of the insecticide thuricide, inhibits spindle and cytokinesis and induces micronuclei, chromocentric nuclei and minor deviations in spindle activity. The binucleate cells also undergo mitosis yielding biprophases and bimetaphases. Spindle seems to have been inhibited even in bimetaphase. Microtubular systems and chromosomes are implicated as the primary targets. Most effects resemble those of caffeine, colchicine, aminopyrin, chloral hydrate and vinblastine to different extents, and are therefore suggestive of the anti-neoplastic and mutagenic potentialties of the exotoxin. The extensive use of thuricide on crop plants, in view of its mutagenic potential, may be hazardous. The results also suggest that the exotoxin may be used as a pre-treating agent in chromosome analysis and as a candidate-tagging tool for synchronization and cell cycle analysis, besides its probable utility in studies on cancer cells.